The herbaceous parasite wotchedwa mpendadzuwa broomrape mwina amadziwika ndi ambiri. Dziko lathu ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko lonse mu kulima kwa mpendadzuwa, ndipo mtundu uwu wa tiziromboti ndi, mwatsoka, chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri. Osati kampani yaikulu yamagulu agrarian, komanso osamalira wamaluwa omwe amasankha kukula mpendadzuwa pamabedi awo, akuyang'anitsitsa. Nkhaniyi idzakhala yothandiza yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Momwemo tidzatha kudziwa zomwe mbeu ya mpendadzuwa imayambira, momwe angayang'anire, komanso ndi njira zotani zothana ndi matendawa.
Mbeu ya mpendadzuwa: kudziwa bwino ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Kutuluka kwa mpendadzuwa - muzu wa tizilombo ta banja la broomrape. Chomeracho chili ndi tsinde loyera, lakuda pansi, popanda nthambi. Ikani pa izo mu mawonekedwe a mamba. Amathyola maluwa ofiira osabala, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescence-spikelets. Chipatso ndi bokosi lokhala ndi mbeu zazing'ono zofiira mpaka 2000. Mbewu imasamutsidwa mosavuta ndi mphepo, madzi, mapazi a munthu ndi zida.
Ndikofunikira! Mbeu za Broomrape zimatha kwambiri. Amatha kukhalabe ndi mphamvu zowonjezera kwa zaka khumi, pokhala pansi ndikudikirira zinthu zabwino.
Kuimira zomwe brossrape ya mpendadzuwa ikuwoneka, kudziwa momwe ikufotokozera, munthu amatha kuzindikira mosavuta tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa m'munda wake ndikutenga zowononga kuti tithe kulimbana nayo.Causative agent
Mavuto okondwerera kumera uku ndikutentha kwa nthaka - 20-25 ° C, kuuma kwa nthaka, ndi acidity, ndipo chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa mpendadzuwa kutuluka muzu.
Onaninso za tizirombo tambiri ta mpendadzuwa.
Kupititsa patsogolo
Pokhala ndi lingaliro la broomrape, sikofunika kufotokoza kwa nthawi yaitali chifukwa chake kuli koyenera kulimbana nawo. Chomeracho chimaphatikizidwa ku muzu wa mpendadzuwa, kukula pamodzi ndi zimayambira, ndikukhala ndi ndalama zake zonse, kuyamwa madzi onse amchere ndi zinthu zina, ndikupha. 
Zizindikiro za mbewu zowonongeka
Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kuwonongeka kwa mpendadzuwa ndi chomera ichi, ndithudi, chidzakhalapo pomwepo broomrape mphukira ndi maluwa m'munsi mwa mpendadzuwa zimayambira. Izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa kubzala kwa mbeu, yomwe ndi chizindikiro china cha matenda. Ndipo ngati broomrape isanamerepo, koma yayamba kale kugunda mphukira ya mpendadzuwa, izi zidzatsimikizirika pa kuwuma ndi kuyanika kuyang'ana kwa wotsirizira.
Ndikofunikira! Maluwa a brossrape amamasula ndi kubala zipatso kuyambira July mpaka September. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene zimamenyana ndi kuteteza kubzala namsongole.
Chipinda chili pangozi
Kuukira uku n'koopsa osati kwa mpendadzuwa zokha. Pangozi palinso zomera ngati fodya, tomato, wosakaniza, hemp ndi namsongole osiyanasiyana. Zonsezi, kawirikawiri, zimakhala zovulazidwa ndi mbeu ya mpendadzuwa, koma mpendadzuwa ndiwopambana kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Mpendadzuwa "wodziwa" ndi broomrape inachitikira m'zaka za zana la XIX, pamene ku Russia mpendadzuwa idakula msinkhu monga munda. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana, chiwerengero cha matendawa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa chinali chachikulu kwambiri moti chinakhala choopsya chofesa mpendadzuwa m'dziko lathu. Pambuyo pake, obereketsa anaphunzira kusonyeza maonekedwe a mpendadzuwa omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa. Anthu amawayitana "amadyera", chifukwa amakula masiku 10-15 pambuyo pa mitundu yamba.
Njira zolimbana ndi mliriwu
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso la momwe angachitire ndi broomrape. Pali njira zingapo zotsutsira tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo tsopano tiwunika zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane.
Maluwa ozungulira
Njira imeneyi imaphatikizapo kusinthanitsa mbewu za mbeu zosiyanasiyana m'munda umodzi. Izi ndizo, m'madera okhudzidwa pambuyo pa mbeu za mpendadzuwa, zomwe zimawopseza mliriwu, kwa zaka 8-10, musanathe kubzala mpendadzuwa kachiwiri. Panthawiyi, mbewu za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zidakali m'nthaka pambuyo pomaliza kufesa kwa mpendadzuwa, zimataya mphamvu, ndipo nthaka imakhala yotetezeka.
Agrotechnical receptions
Njira zaulimi zikuphatikizapo njira zotsatirazi:
- kulima kwakukulu kwa nthaka (ndi masewera);
- Kupalira broomrape mpaka tayamba kuphuka mbewu;
- kuteteza mbeu za tizilombo kuti tisalowe m'madera osatetezeka;
- nthaka chinyezi, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakonda nthaka youma;
- kumalimbikitsa mwakuya kumera kwa mbewu zambiri momwe zingathere kuchokera pansi pogwiritsa ntchito mpendadzuwa wouma kufesa pa malo ovunda. Pambuyo pake, njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito 2 kuchokera mndandanda wathu. Izi zimamasula dziko lapansi kuchokera ku mbewu zina.
Njira zamoyo
Palinso njira zowonongera broomrape, kuteteza zomera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kugwira ntchito ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ntchentche-fitomizy. Ziphuphu zake zimadya kapena kuchepetsa mbewu zambewu. Njirayi imachepetsa chiwerengero cha mbeu zamatenda pansi.
Zambiri mwazinthu zakuthupi zakhala zikukonzedwa kuti zithane ndi vutoli - bioherbicides. Komabe, njirayi siinayambe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo ndi yotsika poyerekeza ndi mankhwala enaake - herbicides.
Werengani komanso kuteteza chitetezo cha mpendadzuwa ku matenda.
Njira zothandizira mankhwala
Njira zamagulu zimasonyeza, monga tafotokozera kale, kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya herbicides yomwe imayambitsa matenda ndi imfa ya broomrape mbewu ya mpendadzuwa. Mukhoza kugula mankhwalawa m'masitolo apadera ndikugwiritsa ntchito malingana ndi malangizo. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha herbicide yothandiza ndi madzi a chipangizo cha Ultra Ultra. Anayambitsidwa ndi System Clearfield ndipo ili ndi imazapir 15 g / l ndi imazamox 33 g / l. Zinthu izi zimachita pa udzu kupyolera mu masamba ndi muzu, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa yake. Mchitidwe womwewo wapanga china, mofanana ndi herbicide, Euro-Lighting. Ili ndi zinthu zomwezo za kalasi ya imidazolinone monga "Device Ultra", ndipo kwa zaka zambiri yakhala ikulimbana bwino ndi broomrape ndi namsongole wina, kuonetsetsa kukolola bwino kwa mpendadzuwa. 
Kukaniza hybrids
Komabe, njira yopambana kwambiri ikufesa mbewu za mpendadzuwa zosagwirizana ndi broomrape.
Mitundu yambiri ya chitetezo cha mpendadzuwa ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zakhala zikupangidwa kale. Iyi ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri komanso yabwino, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwambiri yomwe ilipo mtengo wa mbewu. Mwachitsanzo, wosakanizidwa wa "Mpainiya" wa mpendadzuwa ndi wotchuka kwambiri ku Ulaya chifukwa chotsutsana ndi broomrape ndi zokolola zabwino panthawi iliyonse ya kumera. Mpendadzuwa hybrids "Syngenta" amasiyanitsidwa ndi mkulu mlingo wa zipatso ndi invulnerability kwa parasitic zomera. Zosakanizidwa "Tunka" zathandiza ogwira ntchito zaulimi kuti azitsutsa AE, nyengo yozizira, chilala ndi luso lililonse la kulima. Zophatikiza "Jason" ali ndi mwayi wapadera - mphamvu yeniyeni yokana namsongole ndi majeremusi. Wosakanizidwa "Kupititsa patsogolo", kuphatikizapo kukana broomrape, amakhalanso ndi chitetezo ku matenda monga fomoz, sclerotinia, tsamba ndi zowola, powdery mildew.
Mukudziwa? Kuwombera kwa mpendadzuwa si khunyu ndi mdani chabe, zimakhalanso zothandiza kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, matenda monga cystitis, kutsekula m'mimba, dzino la mano, colitis, edema, migraines, kusowa tulo amachiritsidwa ndi infusions ndi decoctions za zomera. Ndipo m'mapululu ena a lamba wofewa, oyendayenda amayamikira kwambiri chomera ichi chifukwa mumatha kupeza madzi okwanira limodzi ndi theka la madzi abwino akumwa, pamtunda.M'nkhani yathu, tinadzidziŵitsa ndi mbewu ngati mpendadzuwa, tinaphunzira za momwe izo zikuwonekera, ndizoopsa motani, ndi momwe zingachotsedwe. Namsongole ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya ulimi, chinthu chachikulu ndikudziwa mmene mungapezere nthawi ndi momwe mungawachepetsere.
