Zowona ndizomera zobiriwira zomwe zimakhala ndi korona yokongola. Korona wa firiti imayamba kuchokera ku tsinde. Mu mitengo ikuluikulu, pamwamba pa korona wapangidwa kapena osati.
Mtundu wa periderm uli wa imvi, sungakanike mu mitundu yambiri ya firitsi. Periderm ya mitengo yokhwima imakhala yowopsya komanso imatuluka nthawi. Mitundu ina ya firitsi yamaluwa imakhala ndi singano zobiriwira kapena zobiriwira. Zisoti za mitengo yambiri ndi zowonongeka, zobiriwira zakuda ndi mkaka m'munsimu.
Wowonjezera ali ndi fungo lokoma la coniferous. Pali mitundu makumi anai ya mafiritsi, koma si onse omwe ali oyenerera kumunda wamaluwa, popeza zomera zimakula mpaka mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Mitsempha ili pamwamba pa korona. Kukula kwa cones kumatenga zaka zambiri. Mankhwala oweta amagwa pansi ndi ziwalo zolimba. Mizu yamphamvu imakhala yamphamvu.
Pali zitsamba zokongoletsera, izi ndi izi: Mitambo ya Korea, Wichi fir, firitsi ya monochrome, Fraser wapamwamba, firitsi wa Siberia. Manyowa amagawanika kukhala mitundu, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'munsimu pali mitundu yambiri yotchuka ya fir.
Mukudziwa? Chinthu chosiyana cha zomera zowonjezereka ndi malo a resin ndime mu periderm, osati nkhuni.
Balsamu Fir
Dziko lakwale la Basamu ndi North America ndi Canada. Pamwamba pa mtengowo ndi wozungulira, wandiweyani, ndi wotsekedwa, otsika. Kutalika kwa zomera - kuchokera mamita 15 mpaka 25. Ndili ndi zaka, periderm imasintha mtundu wake kuchokera ku phulusa mpaka kufiira-bulauni, ndipo imachokera ku ruby kuti ikhale yofiira. Nthambi zimayikidwa mozungulira ngati tiers. Zisoti ziri zonyezimira, zobiriwira zobiriwira, zomwe zimatchulidwa kununkhira kwa balsamic, tizilombo tating'ono ta mtundu wa lilac. 
Cones cylindrical, mpaka masentimita khumi. Mtundu uwu wa fir ndi wolekerera mthunzi, kusagwedeza kwa chisanu ndi kukula mofulumira. Nthambi za m'munsizi zimakhala ndi mizu. Balsamu fir imayimilidwa ndi mitundu yambiri yokongola yamaluwa monga Nana ndi Hudsonia.
Mitengo yobiriwira ndi zitsamba ngati spruce, nyamakazi, cypress, juniper, boxwood, pine, thuja, yew zidzakhala zokongola kwambiri za dacha.
Mafuta a basamu amitundu yosiyanasiyana Nana ndi chomera chochepa chokha chokhazikika ngati mawonekedwe a shrub. Chitsamba chiri pansi-to-earth, chowoneka ngati chotsamira, kutalika sikupitirira masentimita makumi asanu, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu. Zisoti za kuthengo ndizochepa, zofiira, zogwedezeka kwambiri, zokondwa kwambiri. Nana ndi nyengo yozizira-yolimba, koma salola kuleza kutentha ndi chilala.Mayi chrome
Dziko lakwawo lalitali ndi mapiri a USA ndi kumpoto kwa Mexico. Mitengo imakula mpaka mamita makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Korona ndi kondomu yayikulu. Periderm wandiweyani, wofiira mtundu wofiira ndi ming'alu ya oblong. Zingwe za monochrome zitsulo ndi zazikulu pakati pa mitundu ina, kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi limodzi. 
Mtundu wa singano ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira kumbali zonse, ndi ofewa ndipo uli ndi fungo lokoma la mandimu. Nkhonozi ndizofiira mdima wofiira, kutalika kwake kufika pa masentimita 12, mawonekedwe ake ndi oval-cylindrical. Mphepete mwachangu ndi mtengo wofulumira, wotsutsana ndi mphepo, utsi, chilala ndi chisanu. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 350. Mayi chrome ali ndi mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera, pakati pawo mitundu yotchuka monga Violacea ndi Compact.
Violacea - firitsi yapamwamba yofiira. Korona wa mtengo uli wamtali, wokongola, kutalika sikudutsa mamita asanu ndi atatu. Nkhumba zofiira, zoyera ndi za buluu. Mtundu uwu wa fir umapezeka kawirikawiri m'minda yokongola. 
Campakta ndi shrub yochepa, yomwe imakhala yochepa pang'onopang'ono, yomwe ili ndi nthambi zomwe zimayikidwa mosavuta. Kutalika kwa singano kumafikira masentimita makumi anai, mtundu ndi wabuluu. Monga Violaceu, imatha kukumana kawirikawiri.
Ndikofunikira! Zitsulo zowononga zimasintha zaka zingapo ndipo sizitentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo.
Kefallin Fir (Chigiriki)
Kefalli fir amakhala kum'mwera kwa Albania ndi ku Greece, m'mapiri okwera mamita zikwi ziwiri pamwamba pa nyanja. Kutalika, chomera chimakula kufika mamita 35, kukula kwake kwa thunthu kumafika mamita awiri. Korona ndi yandiweyani, yotsika, yotsika. The periderm imasweka nthawi. Kukula kwachinyamata kuli maliseche, kumakhala ngati kowala, kowala, kofiirira kapena kofiira. Matenda a impso, ayere mtundu wofiira-lilac. 
Zosowa mpaka 3.5 masentimita m'litali ndi m'lifupi mwake zosapitirira mamita atatu. Nsonga za singano ndizowona, singano zokha ndizowala ndi zakuda, zobiriwira zakuda pamwamba ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira pansipa. Zisoti zimakonzedwa mu mawonekedwe auzimu, moyandikana wina ndi mnzake. Mitsuko yaing'ono, yopukusira, yamatope, yayikulu. Choyamba, mabalawo amakhala a mtundu wa lilac, ndipo akamakula, amasintha nsalu zofiirira. Greek Fir ndi chilala chosagwedezeka, kukula pang'onopang'ono, kuopa kuzizira kozizira.
White Fir (Manchu Black)
Dziko lakwawo lazitali zam'madzi ndi kum'mwera kwa Primorye, North China ndi Korea. Mtengo umakula mpaka mamita 45. Korona ndi wandiweyani, lonse pyramidal, lotayirira, yotsika pansi. Mtundu wapamwamba wa mtundu uwu wa firusi ndi mtundu wa makungwa - choyamba ndi mdima wakuda ndipo kenako wakuda. Muzitsulo zazing'ono, periderm ndi wachikasu-imvi mu mtundu. Nkhumba zolimba, zolimba, zolimba, zolimba. Pamwamba pa singano za mtundu wobiriwira wakuda ndiwonyezimira, ndipo pansi pamakhala kowala. 
Zisoti zimakonzedwa pa nthambi za mafunde. Black Manchurian fir amasintha singano zaka zisanu ndi zinayi. Mitsempha ya mawonekedwe ofiira, kuwala kofiirira, phula, velvet-pubescent. Zaka khumi zoyambirira za moyo zimakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kukula kumakula mofulumira. Nthawi yonse ya mtengo ndi zaka 400. Mtengo ndi nyengo yozizira-yolimba, yamtendere, yosagonjetsedwa ndi mphepo, imafuna chinyezi chakuda cha nthaka ndi chilengedwe.
Munthu wina wotchedwa Nordmann (wa ku Caucasus)
Dziko lakwawo la Caucasus ndi la Caucasus kumadzulo ndi Turkey. Munda wa Nordmann amakula mamita 60 m'litali, thunthu m'mimba mwake - mpaka mamita awiri. Korona wa chophwanyika chophwanyika, champhamvu kwambiri. Zomera zazing'ono zimakhala zofiira kwambiri kapena zobiriwira za periderm, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakhala imvi. Zithunzizo zimakhala zofiira-zofiirira ndipo kenako zimakhala zoyera.
Nthano ndi zobiriwira, zakuda, pansi pa singano zasiliva. Simungathe kukumana ndi firasi ya Caucasus, chifukwa mtengo uli ndi yochepa yozizira. Pali mitundu yambiri ya fir ya kulima zokongola: Pendula Aurea, Gtauka, Albo-Spekata. 
Mukudziwa? Nthawi ya moyo wa Nordmann wokalamba ndi zaka mazana asanu.
Sakhalin fir
Malo a Sakhalin a ku Sakhalin ndi Japan. Chomeracho ndi chokongoletsera kwambiri, mpaka mamita makumi atatu m'litali, chimakhala ndi piritsi yosalala yonyezimira, yomwe imakula mdima pamene ikukula. Mimba ya mmera siidapitirira mita imodzi. Nthambi shirokokonicheskaya wandiweyani pamwamba pang'onopang'ono pamwamba. 
Nkhumba zimakhala zofewa, zobiriwira zamdima, ndi mkaka umalemba pansipa. Kutalika kwa singano kumafikira masentimita anayi, m'lifupi siposa mamita awiri. Mitsempha imayikidwa pamtunda, mawonekedwewo ndi ozungulira. Mtundu wa cones ndi wofiira kapena wakuda-buluu, kutalika 8 masentimita, mamita 3 cm. Chomeracho ndi chopanda chisanu, mthunzi wolekerera, chimafuna kuti zinthu ziwonjezeke mumlengalenga ndi nthaka.
Chitsulo chosungunula (phiri)
Mphepete mwa mapiri a kumapiri a ku North America. Kutalika sikudutsa mamita 40, thunthu ndi masentimita 60. Nsonga za mitengo ndizochepa, zochepa. Chitsulo chosungunuka chamtundu wazitsulo chimakhala chofewa, chophimbidwa ndi timing'alu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga timadzi timene timayambira. Pamwamba pa singano ndi matte udzu wobiriwira, ndipo pansi pali mikwingwirima yoyera yoyera. Singano imayikidwa mu mizere iwiri. Mankhwala otchedwa subirpine fir ali ndi timadontho tambirimbiri, kucha kumapezeka chaka chakumapeto kwa August. Pali mitundu yambiri yamapiri, yomwe imayenera kulima. 
Argentea - firi la phiri ndi singano zasiliva. Glauka ndi kachilombo kamene kali pamtunda wa mamita 12, ndi korona woboola ngati piramidi ndi chitsulo chamoto kapena singano za buluu. Fomu yowonongeka yosaoneka bwino yosapitirira mamita awiri ndi theka m'litali ndi korona wambiri, bwino. Ndalama zasiliva-zakuthambo zakumwamba, ndi mikwingwirima ya bluu pansi. Maonekedwe a singano ndi ofanana ndi chikwakwa, kutalika kwa masentimita atatu. Mitengo yochepa kwambiri imafalikira pakati pa amateur wamaluwa. 
Ndikofunikira! Young Fir mbande kwa dzinja ayenera kuphimbidwa, chifukwa akuopa kasupe frosts.
Firishi ya Korea
Amakula m'mapiri a mapiri kuyambira mamita zana kufika 1850 pamwamba pa nyanja kumwera kwa Peninsula ya Korea ndi Jeju Island. Anapeza mtundu uwu wa fir mu 1907. Mbewu siimakula pamwamba pa mamita 15. Zisamba zoyamba ndi zofiira, zophimbidwa ndi thin villi. Zisoti ndizochepa, pamwamba ndi zobiriwira zakuda zobiriwira, pansi ndi zoyera. Maluwa okongola okongola ndi buluu wofiirira. Korea fir ikukula pang'onopang'ono, yozizira-yolimba. 
Mitundu ya firishi ya Korea monga Blue Standard ndi yochuluka - mitengo yayitali ndi michere ya mdima wa lilac; Brevifolia - mtengo wokhala ndi korona wozungulira, udzu wobiriwira pamwamba ndi singano zoyera pamunsi, zing'onozing'ono zofiirira; Silberzverg ndizomera zochepa, zochepa zowonjezera zazitsulo zokhala ndi zisoli za siliva, korona wozungulira ndi nthambi zochepa, nthambi zowamba; Piccolo ndi shrub pafupifupi masentimita makumi atatu pamwamba, kufika mamita a mamita awiri ndi hafu ndi korona yobalalika, ndi singano za mtundu wa udzu wouma.
Wapamwamba (wolemekezeka)
Madzi otsika amatha kutalika mamita 100. Dziko lakwawo labwino kwambiri ndi la kumpoto kwa North America. Malo akukula - zigwa ndi mtsinje wodekha pafupi ndi nyanja. Awa ndi mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri ya fir. Ili ndi korona wooneka ngati kansalu pamene mbande ndi yachinyamata, ndipo pakapita zaka, korona idzakhala yofanana. Amunawa ali ndi imvi yofiirira ya periderm, ndipo mbande zakale zimakhala zofiira, zophimbidwa ndi ming'alu ya oblong periderm. 
Nthambi zazing'ono zamtundu wa azitona kapena wofiira-bulauni, mfuti. Nthambi zakalamba zimaulula. Nkhumba ndizochepa, zokhota pansi. Pamwamba pa singano ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira ndipo pansi ndi imvi. Maonekedwe a cones ndi oblong-cylindrical, kutalika kwa masentimita 12, mamita 4 masentimita. Osati magulu okhwima a emerald kapena mtundu wofiira-bulauni, koma okhwima wofiirira wofiira. Nthawi ya moyo wa firitsi yotchuka ndi pafupifupi zaka 250. Sapling imakula mofulumira.
Mukudziwa? Periderm, singano ndi masamba a fir amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala. Iwo ali ndi mafuta ofunika ndi tannins.
Fir Wicha
Dziko lakwale la Central Japan, malo ake ndi mapiri. Kutalika ndi pafupi mamita makumi anayi. Nthambi zachitsamba ndi zazifupi, zimagwirizana ndi thunthu, korona ndi yofanana ndi piramidi. Thunthu ili ndi piritsi yosalala ya mtundu woyera. Kukula kwachinyamata kumapangidwa ndi pubescent periderm ya imvi kapena emerald mtundu. 
Zisoti ndi zofewa, zokhota pang'ono, osati masentimita 2.5. Pamwamba pa singano ndi mdima wonyezimira, pansi pamakongoletsedwe ndi mikwingwirima ya mkaka. Kutalika kwa ma cones ndi pafupifupi masentimita 7. Zamoyo zazing'ono za red-bluish-mtundu wofiirira ndi nthawi kukhala ndi mtundu wa kansalu. Chomeracho ndi chisanu-cholimba, chokula mofulumira, chokanika kusuta.
Firara Fir
Malo a mtundu uwu wa fir ndi North America. Kutalika kwa mtengo ndi mamita 25, korona ndi piramidi yoboola kapena yokongoletsa. Thunthu laling'ono la firitsi liri ndi periderm imvi, ndipo thunthu lakale liri lofiira ndi nthambi za chikasu. Zisoti ndizochepa, zobiriwira zakuda pamwamba ndi zitsulo pansipa. Mitsempha ndizokongoletsera, zofiira ndi zofiirira. 
Chomera ndi chisanu-cholimba, koma sichilola kuwonongeka kwa mpweya. Frasera mafiritsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo odyera, nkhalango zamapiri ndi madera akumidzi. Pali shrub yomwe ili ndi nthambi - Firer's fir is downstrate.
Firitsi wa Siberia
Dziko lakwale la Siberia ndi Siberia. Kulima ndi kawirikawiri. Kutalika kwa zomera sikudutsa mamita makumi atatu. Pamwamba pa mutuyo ndi yopapatiza, yoboola pakati. Nthambizi ndizochepa, zimatsika pansi. The periderm pansi pa thunthu ikuphwanyidwa, pamwamba sizawopsya, imvi yakuda. Miphika yophimbidwa ndi mulu wandiweyani. Nthano ndi zofewa, zopapatiza komanso zopanda pake pamapeto, mpaka mamita atatu m'litali.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati khoma lopanda ufulu. Kupanga mpanda wamoyo kumakhala bwino: magonia, larch, juniper, hawthorn, barberry, rhododendron, lilac, rosehip, cotonaster, chikasu mthethe.
Mtundu wa singano ndi wobiriwira mdima wonyezimira pamwamba ndipo maukwati awiri ofanana amakoka pansi. Firitsi ya Siberia amasintha singano zake kamodzi mu zaka 11. Mitsempha imakhala yoongoka, yozungulira, yoyamba yofiirira kapena yofiirira, kenako imaoneka ngati bulauni. Chomeracho ndi chisanu-cholimba, mthunzi wololera. Pali Sibuluu, buluu, motley. Zimasiyana kokha ndi singano zamitundu.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa sangakhoze kubzalidwa mumthunzi, chifukwa korona yake yakhazikitsidwa kwathunthu ndi kuwala kokwanira.
White Fir (European)
Firitsi yoyera ndi chomera chomwe chimamera kufika mamita 65 ndi thunthu m'mimba mwake mpaka mamita limodzi ndi hafu. Pamwamba pa chomeracho chimakhala chofanana. Periderm ndi yoyera-imvi ndi mtundu wofiira wa mtundu. Achinyamata a mtundu wa European green or green chestnut, ndipo nthawi imakhala imvi-mabokosi. Zisoti ndi zobiriwira zakuda, silvery pansi. Dziko lawo la European fir ndi mayiko a Central ndi Southern Europe. Mtengo umakula pang'onopang'ono, sukonda malo amphepo. 
Lowani myra
Poyamba kuchokera ku Japan. Kunja, Mira fir ndi ofanana ndi Sakhalin. Kutalika kumasiyanasiyana mamita 25 mpaka 35. Pamwamba pa mtengowu ndizovuta kwambiri. Ndili ndi zaka, periderm imatembenuka kuchoka ku sulfure yosavuta kumalo ovuta ndi mphete zowonongeka. Nkhumba ndizozing'ono komanso zopapatiza, zimakhala ndi mtundu wa emerald. Mitsemphayi imakonzedwa m'magulu a mtundu wofiira-bulauni. Malo obadwira a myra fir ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Hokkaido. Wowonjezera ndi wolimba, wolekerera mthunzi, wakukula m'mapaki ndi malo odyera m'nkhalango.
