Mbatata - iyi ndi imodzi mwa otchuka kwambiri, okondedwa ndi masamba ambiri, omwe angapezeke aliyense m'munda. Koma, monga miyambo ina, imawonekera ku matenda omwe amawononga maonekedwe ake ndi kuchepetsa kukoma kwake. Ambiri mwa izi ndi nkhanambo. Kenaka, tiphunzira zambiri za nkhanambo pa mbatata: ndi chithunzi chake, ndondomeko ndi njira zamankhwala, ndi zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze zochitikazo.
Chifukwa chikuwonekera
Zifukwa za kuoneka kwa nkhanambo pa mbatata zingakhale zingapo:
- Nthawi zambiri nthendayi imagwera pansi;
- Komanso gwero la matendawa lingakhale la tuber yatsopano yomwe mwagula kuti mubzalidwe;
- Chifukwa chofala ndi kubzala kwa mbeu pamalo amodzi;
- Ndalama zambiri za nayitrogeni zimakhudza chitukuko cha fungal nkhanambo;
- zimathandizira kuti chitukuko chizikula kwambiri kutentha (kuchokera 20 ° C);
- bowa imakula mofulumira mu dothi losautsa;
- kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika feteleza zachilengedwe monga manyowa ndi kompositi.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa ndi kompositi, yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nthaka, iyenera kuvunda.
Matendawa sakhala ndi ngozi kwa anthu, mizu yokhudzidwa ikhoza kudyedwa, koma thanzi la masambawa ndi locheperapo kuposa thanzi labwino. Mwachitsanzo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi timadzi timadzi timene timakhala tochepa.
Kuwonjezera apo, izi tubers zimasungidwa bwino kwambiri, zimakhala zovunda mwamsanga, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimayenera kutaya mbewu zambiri.
Ngakhale mutakhala ndi mwayi ndipo mbatata zowonongeka zimatchulidwa bwino, zimaletsedwa kuzinyamula pansi, chifukwa mumakhala ndi zokolola zosafunika komanso mumayambitsa nthaka ndi bowa.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa (kapena kuvunda kofiira) kumakhalanso pakati pa matenda ovuta kwambiri a mbatata.
Maonekedwe a nkhanambo ndi ziwonongeko
Pali mitundu yambiri ya matendawa: wamba wamba, powdery, wakuda (kapena rhizoctoniosis), siliva. Ndipo tidzadziwa aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.
Zachilendo - matendawa amayamba kukula bwino mu dothi lokhala ndi madzi otsika kapena osakanikirana, pamene kutentha kwa nthaka kumakhala 25 ° C mpaka 30 ° C, komanso kusowa madzi okwanira. Ngati malipirowa amachitika pa tsamba lanu, ndiye kuti izi zimapangitsa kuti matendawa athe.
Komanso, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwoneke pa zotsalira za mbatata zomwe sizinawoneke. Chifukwa cha izi, mtsogolo, pakakhala nyengo yabwino, bowa limatha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri ngakhale kupweteka kwa khungu kokha. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati panthawi yosungirako mumasakaniza mbatata wathanzi komanso odwala palimodzi, ndiye sizowopsya - nkhanambo imafalikira pansi.
Ndi matendawa, ndizomwe zimayambira. Nkhanambo ikhoza kudziwika ndi zizindikiro monga kukhalapo kwa zilonda za mawonekedwe osasinthasintha, omwe ndi kukula kwa muzu, nawonso, kukula, ndi nthawi yowonjezereka.
Nthawi zina ming'alu imapezeka kumadera okhudzidwa. Pali nthawi pamene mbatata ili ndi zilonda zoterezi. Zilondazi zimapangitsa kuti mitundu yovunda ioneke.
Powdery - mtundu uwu wa nkhanambo umawonekera chifukwa cha kuwonetsera kwa bowa lomwe limasuntha payekha; limawoneka ngati kamphanga kakang'ono ka ntchentche. Pankhaniyi, gawo lonse la pansi pa mbeulo liri ndi kachilombo.
Kunja, nkhanamboyi ikuwoneka ngati tubers yodzaza ndi "nkhondo" zambiri. Pakatha mbatata, "zilonda" izi zimayaka kwambiri, zimakhala ndi zilonda zomwe zili ndi spores za bowa. Pa mizu, iyo ikhoza kuwoneka ngati kukula kochepa koyera. 
Nkhumba ya ufa ikhoza kuoneka chifukwa cha manyowa, dothi, kubzala. Zomwe zimathandiza pa chitukuko chake ndi nthaka yonyowa ndi kutentha kuchokera 12 ° C mpaka 20 ° C. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu uwu wa matenda umapezeka mu nthaka yolemera.
Mukudziwa? Scab - matenda olimba kwambiri, mikangano yake ikhoza kukhala pansi kwa zaka zingapo. Choncho, m'madera omwe ali ndi kachilombo, mbatata sangathe kubzalidwa kwa zaka pafupifupi zisanu.
Black (Rhizoctoniosis) - Fomu iyi ndi yoopsa kwambiri pa chomera, chifukwa imayambitsa chomera ku mizu mpaka masamba. Risoctoniosis kumayambiriro kwa moyo wa mbatata zatsopano zingalepheretse kukula kwa zimayambira, komanso kupha shrub yonse.
Kunja, rhizoctoniosis ikuwonetsedwa ndi mdima mawanga kwathunthu kuphimba pamwamba pazu mbewu. Zinthu zoyenera kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi chimawoneka kuti ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso kutentha kosachepera 18 ° C. 
Silvery - mbali yayikulu ya mawonekedwewa ndi kuti tubers yomwe imakhudzidwa nayo nthawi yosungirako siimavunda, koma imangokhala ndi kulemera. Tsabolayo ili ndi makwinya, ndipo m'madera ena imakhala yofiira patina.
Zilonda zoterezi zikuwoneka bwino pa mitundu yofiira khungu. Mtundu wa nkhanambo umapezeka pa ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakula mumchenga wa mchenga ndi loamy nthaka, chifukwa cha kutentha kwapamwamba popanga mapangidwe a achinyamata.
Ikuwoneka pa chinyezi chokwanira cha 90% ndipo pamakhala kutsika pansi pa 10 ° C. 
Kupewa
Mitundu iliyonse ya matenda omwe tawawona ili ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, koma mosasamala kanthu za izi, mulimonsemo, timapeza mbewu yowonongeka ndi kachilomboka.
Ngakhale pamene simunazindikire nkhanambo pa mbatata yanu, izi sizikutanthauza kuti mukhoza kumasuka, chifukwa matendawa amatha kuwonekera nthawi iliyonse. Mtundu uliwonse wa matendawa ukhoza kugonjetsedwa, koma zokolola zikadali zochepa, kotero chinthu chabwino chomwe mungachite ndicho kupewa.
Imodzi mwa njira zothandiza zotetezera imayesedwa ngati mbeu yothandizira. Pofuna kubzala, muyenera kusankha mbatata yathanzi ndi kuzidya. Pazinthu izi, gwiritsani ntchito chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala omwe mungagule pa sitolo iliyonse yamaluwa.
Mukudziwa? Mbatata ikhoza kugwidwa ndi matenda oposa 20 osiyana.
Kulimbikitsanso kuthirira tchire ndi mkuwa, manganese ndi boron mutabzala mutabzala. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri chithandizo cha matendawa, komanso zimachepetsanso matenda opatsirana omwe akudwala kale.
Agrotechnical receptions
Agrotechnical njira zothandizira kuoneka kwa nkhanambo ya mbatata ndi yochepa kuposa kusankha mbewu yamtengo wapatali.
Chinthu choyamba chotsatira ndi kusintha kwa pachaka kwa malo odzala masamba. Kubzala mbatata amafunika kusinthanitsa ndi kubzala masamba kapena anyezi.
Ngati dothi pamalo omwe mumamera mbatata, zamchere, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuzimitsidwa. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira yothetsera yomwe ili yokonzedwa motere: 2 zikho za ammonium sulphate zimathera mu 10 malita a madzi. Njirayi ndi yothandiza kuthirira maluwa pa mlingo wa 0,5 malita pa chitsamba.
Pakatha chaka chimodzi ndi theka kapena masabata awiri musanagule, ndibwino kuti mutenge gawo lonselo - mutha kulimbikitsa khungu la mizu. 
Mbewu ikadzakololedwa, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mupange malo ndi malo ena alionse. Nkhuku imalimbikitsa feteleza ndi machiritso a nthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, mukhoza kubzala rye, tirigu, nyemba, mpiru, canola, kapena mukhoza kubzala osakaniza.
Pankhaniyi, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti tizitsatira nthawi. Izi ziyenera kuchitika musanayambe maluwa, chifukwa panthawi ya maluwa "amamwa" zakudya zambiri ndipo amasiya kukhala feteleza.
Kukonzekera motsutsana nkhanambo
Ambiri wamaluwa omwe sankatha kuteteza matendawa, akudabwa momwe angachiritse nthaka kuti athetse nkhanambo pa mbatata. Pofuna kuchotsa nkhanambo, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo ena tiwonekeranso.
Potsata ndemanga za wamaluwa pamasewera osiyanasiyana ndi maulendo, polimbana ndi rhizoctoniosis, komanso matenda ena ambiri a fungus, 1% yothetsera mchere sulphate, yomwe yapangidwa ndi tchire, yayamba bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Copper sulfate ntchito yokha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa basi. Zimaletsedwa kugwira ntchito dothi, chifukwa mkuwa ndi wazitsulo zopangira zitsulo ndikuyambitsa nthaka.
Zimalepheretsa chitukuko cha mankhwala a nkhanambo "Circo". Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi ya maonekedwe a masamba. Ngakhale mutakhala ndi mankhwala ndi mankhwalawa kamodzi, zidzakuthandizani kupeza mbewu yochuluka komanso yathanzi.Mofanana ndi mankhwalawa "Phyto Plus". Ayeneranso kusamalira zokolola ndi kutsanulira tchire m'nyengo yokula, imachepetsa kukula kwa matenda a tuber. Pezani yankho pa mlingo wa 1 sachet pa 3 malita.
Fludioksonil "Maxim" imathandiza bwino polimbana ndi mtundu wonse wa nkhanambo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira mbewu komanso mwachindunji ku tchire. Njira yothetsera zonsezi imakonzedwa pamtunda wa 20 ml wa mankhwala pa madzi okwanira 1 litre.
Kawirikawiri, centner wa mbatata ngokwanira 1.5 malita a yankho. Mbewu zazuzi zimakonzedwa musanayambe kusungirako komanso musanadzalemo. 
Mitundu yotsutsa
Ngati palibe njira zothandizira kapena zothandizira, pangafunike kusinthanitsa mitundu ya masamba. Ngakhale kuti palibe mitundu yomwe imatsutsana ndi matendawa, mukhoza kusankha omwe amaletsa nkhanambo, motero, ili ndi vuto lalikulu pa iwo.
Mitundu yotereyi ikuphatikizapo mitundu yotsatirayi: "Aspia", "Bryansk New", "Vilna", "Favorite", "Alpha", "Saturn", "Spring", "Ostara", "Lady Rosetta", "Mentor" "Nicolas", "odzipereka" ndi ena. 
Kuti nkhanambo iwononge mbewu zanu za mbatata, sikokwanira kusankha mitundu yotsutsana nayo. Ndikofunika kwambiri kumvetsera mosankhidwa pa mbeu komanso kusunga njira zonse zothandizira.
