Maina a mtengo ndi moyo wawo

Monga zamoyo zonse zapadziko lapansi, mitengo imakhala ndi msinkhu wawo. Mumzindawu, sitimaganizira kalekale za mitengo yautali, ndipo sikuti aliyense amadziwa mtengo umene wakhalapo zaka 1000 kapena kuposa. Nkhani yathu idzakuthandizani kuyankha mafunso awa: Ndani amadziwa, mwinamwake mtengo wautali umakhala pabwalo lanu.

Zamkatimu:

• Miyambo yotchuka
• Mtengo wolimba
• Conifer
• Gome lalitali
• Mtengo uti umakhala zaka 1000?

Kodi moyo wa mtengo umadalira chiyani?

Zaka zambiri zomera zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe awo: Mitengo yaifupi kwambiri ndi mitengo ya zipatso, mitengo yowonongeka ndi yotchedwa coniferous ndiyo maziko a "nkhalango zobiriwira." Mbewu zambiri zidzakhalanso ndi moyo zimadalira momwe zimakulira. Chikhalidwe chofatsa chimapangitsa kukhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali kwa zomera, ndipo kuzizira koopsa ndi mphepo zimataya msanga ngakhale minda yamphamvu kwambiri. Poyembekezera mitengo yapamwamba ya mitengo ya zipatso, kusamala kwambiri kumathandiza kwambiri.

Kuyeretsa ku nthambi zowuma, kukonza kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi kudyetsa kwambiri kumawonjezera mwayi wa moyo wautali wa mitengo yokongola.

Miyambo yotchuka

Zimakhala zovuta kulingalira misewu yodziwika bwino popanda masamba. Mu msewu wathu, pafupi mitundu yonse yosavuta (yobiriwira ya chilimwe) mitundu ya okisijeni "obala" ndi ofala. Kuyenda kudutsa mumzindawu, mukhoza kuwerengera mitundu 20 ya zipatso, zowonongeka, ndi malo ena, ndi conifers. Taganizirani zochitika za kukula kwa ena mwa iwo.

Mtengo wolimba

• Mtundu wa mtundu wa Oak umagwirizana pafupifupi mitundu 600 ya zomera. Kutalika kwa mtengo wa thundu kumakafika mamita 50, ndipo zomera zonse za padziko lapansi zimatha kuchitira kaduka mtengo wa mtengo wa oki. Ndi kovuta kuphunzira thundu chifukwa cha tsamba lalikulu ndi zipatso - ma acorns omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala, cosmetology ndi kuphika. Mitengo ya Oak imayamikira kwambiri kupanga mipando, ndipo mitengo yofiira yamtengo wapatali imatengedwa ngati chizindikiro cha zinthu zamtengo wapatali.

• Hornbeam imakula ku Ulaya konse, imapezeka ku Asia Minor ndi Transcaucasia. Mphalapala waukulu wa hornbeam umakonda kubisala m'nkhalango zakuda ndipo umakula pang'onopang'ono, kufika mamita 8. Hornbeam - woimira banja la birch, ndipo monga iye, limamasula ndi ndolo. Masamba aang'ono a hornbeam amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa nyama, ndipo mafuta amachokera ku chipatso.

• Linden ili ndi korona yowonjezera ndi yofalitsa pafupifupi mamita 30 mmwamba, yomwe imayankhula za chuma chomwe chingapereke munthu. Pambuyo pake, malaya amtundu amakhala ndi katundu wambiri. Maluwa okongola a mandimu amafunika kwambiri m'thupi labwino komanso mankhwala okongola. Mapuloteni a Linden ndi osavuta kugwira ntchito, nsalu zofewa zimapangidwa bwino.

Onani malingaliro a kukula kwa lindens.

Mukudziwa? Lipa amadziwika ngati chizindikiro cha dziko la Czech Republic kuyambira June 1848.

• Beech amadziwika kwambiri m'nkhalango za ku Ulaya. Mtengo wofiira wa beech m'lifupi umagwira awiri, ndipo msinkhu - mamita 30. Buki amakula pang'onopang'ono koma amakhala motalika. Zipatso zofanana ndi zizindikiro zimapezeka pamtengo pambuyo pa zaka 40-60 za moyo. "Mtedza wa mtedza" ndi wodetsedwa ndipo uli ndi katundu womwe umayendera njira zowonongeka komanso zimayendetsa bwino ntchito ya mtima.

• Phulusa lakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha korona yake: nthambi zowonongeka zomwe zili ndi kachilombo kofiira zikhale zowonongeka, motero nthawi zonse zimakhala zowala pansi pa mtengo. Mu kasupe, phulusa limakhala ndi nsalu zofiirira ndipo imapanga lionfish - zipatso zomwe zidzangobwera m'nyengo yozizira. Mitengo ya mitengo ya mamita 30 imakhala yotalika kwambiri, yomwe ndi yamtengo wapatali kwambiri pomanga ndi kuyang'anizana ndi ntchito. Mu mankhwala, amagwiritsa ntchito makungwa, masamba, zipatso za phulusa, komanso kutentha kwa mtengo. Ngakhale kuti ndi mankhwala, phulusa limatengedwa kuti ndi chomera chakupha, motero, osadziwa kwenikweni kuchuluka kwa mlingo, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito molakwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Phulusa imatha kukhala ndi zaka 300, pamene m'lifupi la thunthu silopitirira mita imodzi.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa za maonekedwe a phulusa lofala.

• Nthawi zambiri Elm imatha kufika mamita 40, ngakhale kuti mitundu ina imakula ngati zitsamba. Mtengo wa elm wamng'ono umadziwika ndi khungwa losalala kwambiri la thunthu, ndi msinkhu umene umatulutsa ndi kutulutsa. Masamba a elm ndi aakulu ndi oblong, zipatso zooneka ngati mkango zikuwoneka pamtengo wokhala ndi zaka 7-8. Elm - chomera chodzichepetsa, chikhoza kupezeka ponseponse mumdima, ndi pakati pa chigwa kapena pamwamba pa phiri. Elm imakula mpaka zaka 300.

Phunzirani za zopindulitsa katundu wa elm.

• Poplar - chomera chokhala ndi mtengo wofikira mpaka mamita 35 mu msinkhu, ali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ozungulira. Zipatso zimawoneka ngati bokosi. Kuchokera ku maluwa omwe amaphuka, njuchi zimasonkhanitsa guluu, zomwe zimapangidwa kukhala phula. Poplar ali ndi malo othandizira kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi zinthu zovulaza, kotero kuti mitengo ya popula ingathe kupezeka m'madera a mafakitale ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Komanso poplar fluff ndi allergen. Mosiyana ndi mitengo ina yambiri, chomera cha poplar ndi dioecious: mkazi alibe mbewu maluwa, pamene wamuna ali nawo.

Ndikofunikira! Posankha popula kuti mubzalidwe, ganizirani zenizenizi: mutatha maluwa, mkazi yekhayo akhoza kunyamula "poplar fluff".

• Mapulo amadziwika kwambiri pa kugwa: masamba otsala a korona akhoza kupeza mtundu wosiyana. Masamba a mapulo ndi otsika ndipo amatha pafupifupi mamita 15-20. Masamba ali ndi masamba otentha omwe amasiyanitsa mapulo kuchokera ku mitengo yambiri yovuta. Zipatso za mapulo zimatha kunyamula mbewuzo patali, chifukwa chipatso cha chinjoka chamapiko awiri chikuzungulira pamene chimagwa ndipo chimatengedwa ndi mphepo.

• Mbalame imatha kufika mamita 45 mu msinkhu, ndipo thunthu likhoza kufika mamita 1.5 mu girth. Birch nayenso ali ndi amamera aang'ono. Mtundu wa birch umene timagwiritsa ntchito m'chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu cha moyo, isanafike, thunthu lake ndi lofiirira komanso losalala. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a katatu kozungulira ndi mmbali mwake. N'zosatheka kunena kuti birch ndi zaka zingati, popeza pali mitundu yambiri ya izi: zina zimakula mpaka zaka 150, zina zimatha kukhalapo zaka 300.

• Kachisi - mtengo womwe umakafika mamita 35 msinkhu, uli ndi korona wokongola. Ukalamba ukhoza kufika zaka 300. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe asanu ndi awiri, omwe ali pambali ya maluwa. Mu May, maluwa a mkuntho, ma pulorescences omwe amaoneka ngati phokoso ali ndi pinki kapena mtundu woyera. Zipatso za zipsepse za mkuta mu autumn ndipo ndi mabokosi ozungulira ndi spikes, mkati mwawo ndi mtedza. Mbewuzo zipse. Kukonzekera kwa mankhwala a mabokosi ali ndi khungu.

Phunzirani za malamulo odzala ndi kusamalira mabokosi.

Zina mwa mbewu zomwe zimadziwika bwino sizikhoza kunyalanyazidwa ndi mitengo ya zipatso.

• Mtengo wa apulo mwanjira yake uli ndi mitundu yobiriwira komanso yokadya. Mtengowo umakula kufika mamita okwera mamita 15, ndipo mitundu ina imapanga zitsamba zochepa. Mitundu yina iliyonse imayenera kusamalidwa ndi zikhalidwe zina zomwe ziyenera kulengedwa kuti zikhale zowonjezera kwambiri za mtengo wa apulo. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kutentha ndi chisanu chopinga, chinyezi-chikondi komanso chilala cholekerera. Sankhani mtengo wa apulo sivuta ngati mukudziwa zinthu za nthaka yanu. Izi zidzatsimikizira kuti mtengo wanu ndi wotalika kwambiri komanso wokolola.

Phunzirani za nsonga zabwino za apulo ndi kubzala.

• Peyala lero pali mitundu pafupifupi 60 ndi mitundu yoposa 3,000. Kukula kwa mamita 20, mtengo uwu ukhoza kubereka zipatso kwa zaka 50. Peyala, ngati mtengo wa apulo, sichikulirakulira pa malo otsika apansi. Choncho, ngati mukufuna peyala kuti itumikire motalika kwambiri, sankhani malo paphiri chifukwa chodzala. Kuti muonjezere moyo wa chomera chanu chomwe mumawakonda, muyenera kuchidyetsa ndikuchipanga kuchokera ku tizirombo.

Mukudziwa? Masamba pa mapeyala amakula mwadongosolo lokhazikika, pokhala osiyana wina ndi mzake pambali ya 135°. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupeze chinyezi komanso dzuwa.

• Mphungu imasiyana mosiyana siyana - kale m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo wake, ikhoza kubzala mbewu. Mosiyana ndi mapeyala ndi mitengo ya apulo, maula amakonda nthaka ndi chinyezi chakuya, koma nthawi yomweyo malowo sayenera kutsukidwa. Kusamalira mbewu kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira minda ina ya zipatso. Ngati mukufuna chiwindi chautali pamalo otsetsereka, mutulutse pansi kuzungulira thunthu, muwononge namsongole, ndondomeko kuchokera ku tizirombo ndikudyetsa nthawi yoyenera.

• Cherry siimakula pamwamba pa mamita 10, choncho ngati mukufuna mtengo wamtengo wapatali pa tsamba lanu, sankhani. Pachiyambi cha msinkhu wawo, mtengo umodzi ukhoza kubala pafupifupi makilogalamu 20 a yamatcheri kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi. Mu nyengo yabwino ya kukula, chitumbuwa chingasangalale ndi zipatso zake kwa zaka 25.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa za mitundu yayikulu yamatcheri.

• Tsabola yamtengo wapatali kapena mbalame yamatcheri ndi kukoma kosatetezeka kwa chilimwe. Mosiyana ndi chitumbuwa, imakhala ndi mabulosi akuluakulu komanso amchere. Komanso whimsical zambiri, chifukwa ali ndi zofunikira zokhudzana ndi kutentha.

• Apricot imadziwikiranso ndi kutalika kwache ndi korona. M'nyengo yotentha, apurikoti amakula pafupifupi zaka 100 ndikuyamba kubala zipatso, kuyambira zaka 3-5. Mitundu yambiri ya apurikoti imakhala yozizira, imakhala yosalala ndipo imatha kumera m'malo osagwa mvula.

Ndikofunikira! Kusiyana pakati pa zouma apricot zipatso ndi kuti apricoti - apurikoti, wouma mwalawo, ndi apricots zouma - apricoti wouma, kumene fupa linachotsedwa.

Conifer

• Spruce - chizindikiro chobiriwira cha Chaka Chatsopano, kufika mamita makumi asanu. Maonekedwe a korona apangidwa pamwamba pa zaka, kuyambira zaka zoyambirira mtengo wa spruce umatsogolera mphamvu zake zonse kukhala kukula. Malingana ndi mitundu, ubwino wa nthambi ndi kutalika kwa singano zimasiyana. Mitsempha imafalitsa mbewu pa chaka cha 20 cha spruce. Kukongola kwaulemerero kumapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi, ngakhale pali mitundu yomwe imapezeka m'madera ena.

• Pine ngati chomera chiripo mitundu itatu:

1. Mtengo
2. Shrub
3. Stlanik.

Kulima kwa mapiritsi ndi kosavuta-kofunikira komanso kukonda chinyezi. Zina zonse zapine - mtengo wodzichepetsa ndipo ndi chiwindi chautali. Nthenda yakukula ya pine imawonetsedwa ali ndi zaka 5-20, kukula kwina kumachepetsanso.

• Mphungu - mtengo wokonda kuwala, wosagonjetsedwa ndi chilala, kutentha mofulumira, tizirombo ndi matenda. Mtengo wamphongo wamtundu wautali ukhoza kuchitira nsanje chomera chirichonse cha coniferous. Mafuta amene mkungudza amachoka amatulutsa mpweya ndipo amadzaza ndi phytoncides. Zina mwa zokongoletsera maluwa pamalowa zimasankhidwa kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwa chinyezi ndi nthaka, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zimakhala ndi moyo wautali.

Onani mitundu yambiri ya junipere.

Ndikofunikira! Matenda a bactericidal a singano a sing'anga sagwirizana.

• Manyowa amatha kudziwika mosavuta ndi masamba omera. Zisoti za firsi sizigwa ngakhale pamene nthambi zouma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zobiriwira. Ambiri a zaka za 150-200, koma kutalika kwake kumasiyana malinga ndi mitundu.

• Thuja ndi mitengo yambiri yobiriwira ndi zitsamba zomwe sizikula moposa mamita 11. Thupi amasiyanitsidwa ndi singano zofewa, zopingasa za singano, zomwe zimakhala zakuda komanso zogwirizana ndi zaka. Thuja sichidziŵika bwino pa chisamaliro, chimakhala chosasinthasintha, ndipo mitundu ina imapirira ngakhale nyengo ya chisanu bwino.

Gome lalitali

Nanga ndi mitengo ingati yomwe imakhalapo, ndi nthawi yotani ya mapulo, apricot umatha nthawi yaitali bwanji, komanso patha zaka zingati, tebulo ili liyankha.

Mtengo uti umakhala zaka 1000?

Kwa mitengo ina, zaka za zaka 1000 sizingafike malire. Pali mitundu yambiri ya zaka zoposa 1500 ndi 2000. Ngati mjunipiti ukhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka 1000, ndiye kuti mkungudza, mabulosi, oba, ndi redwood akhalapo kwa zaka zoposa 3000.

Mukudziwa? Methusela - Munthu wamkulu kwambiri amene zaka zake zili m'Baibulo, wotchuka chifukwa cha moyo wake wautali. Iye anakhala ndi moyo zaka 969.

Chitsanzo cha mtengo wautali ndi pine, omwe zaka zawo zatha kuposa zaka 4850! Piniyi imakula m'mapiri a White California, ku National Reserve, koma malo enieni a Methusela siwululidwe kuti awuteteze kwa anthu. Methuse amadziwika ngati mtengo wakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zilibe kanthu kuti mtengo wapatsidwa bwanji padziko lapansi, ndibwino kukumbukira kuti kuyambira nthawi yobzala mpaka kugwa kapena kuwononga zomera zikugwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri - zimapangitsa dzikoli kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Kuyembekeza kwa moyo wa zobiriwira zobiriwira zimadalira kwambiri zomwe zimadalira anthu okha: ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti kuswa mtengo ndi wachiwiri, ndikukula ndi zaka.