Makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe a mafakitale greenhouses

Malo otentha omwe amawombera mafakitale ndi otchedwa munda wamtendere, mwachitsanzo, nyumba yaikulu yokonzedwa kuti ikhale ndi zofunika zolima zomera.

Cholinga ndi zinthu

Amagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ogulitsa mbewu kumunda kuti azikula mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yomwe silingathe kumera m'minda kapena m'minda yamakono. Malo a minda yotereyi nthawi zambiri amafika mamita 1000, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi pafupi mamita 7. Miyeso yoteroyo imayang'ana kasupe wowonjezera kutentha. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa mu teknoloji yopanga makina opangira mafakitale, chifukwa amachititsa zotsatira zake zomaliza:

• kusunga kutentha kofunikira mu buku lalikulu la mbewu;
• kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyenera kupereka ndi kuyendetsa kuwala ndi kutentha;
• kusungirako magawo ofunikira a ntchito malinga ndi momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito pazitsulo zomwe mpweya wowonjezera udzapangidwira;
• kukonzetsa mtengo kwa gawo limodzi la kupanga.

Mitundu ya zomera zobiriwira

Pofuna kukhazikitsa njira zabwino zopangira mpikisano, zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika kuti dacha kulima zomera mu greenhouses, ndikofunika kusankha bwino mtundu wa wowonjezera kutentha. Minda yamakono yamakono yamakono imatha kugawidwa mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi njira zoterezi: njira yogwirira ntchito, mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake, kapangidwe kake, luso lamakono la kukula kwa zomera, zida zamakono.

Malinga ndi ntchitoyi

Popeza momwe amagwiritsira ntchito wowonjezera kutentha, amagawidwa m'magulu awiri:

1. Nyengo - zomangamanga zomwe zimagwira ntchito kuyambira March kufikira kumapeto kwa autumn. Ntchito imeneyi ndi yophweka komanso yotsika mtengo. Komabe, m'nyengo yozizira, dothi lokhala ndi zobiriwira limatulutsa, ndipo zotsatira zake, zimakhala zochepa muzaka zingapo;
2. Chaka chonse - mafakitale ogulitsa zomera, zomwe mungapezeko nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Monga lamulo, ndalama zambiri zimafunika kuti mumange nyumba zoterezi. Komabe, mbali yodziwika bwino ya mapangidwe a chaka chonse ndi kupindula kwawo ndi kubwezera kanthawi kochepa.

Ndikofunikira! Ntchito yomanga nyumba yosungirako zowonjezera chaka chonse kuti izi zitheke zimatanthauzanso kupezeka kwa malo ena okwanira zida zambiri.

Ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe

Ntchito yokonza mafakitale ogulitsa mafakitale amatanthawuza zochitika zotsatizana pomanga zomangamanga: kupanga zojambula, kupanga mawonekedwe, kugwira ntchito ndi nthaka, kumanga maziko, kuphimba, kukhazikitsa zipangizo zamkati. Popeza izi ndizopanga mafakitale, osati nyumba yachinyumba yowonjezera, chifukwa chakumanga, tikusowa thandizo la akatswiri omwe angathandize kupanga ntchito yowonjezereka ndikujambula zithunzi. Poyamba kukula kwa polojekitiyi, m'pofunika kudziwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe.

Kukula kwa mafakitale ogulitsa mafakitale akugawidwa kukhala ang'onoang'ono, osakaniza ndi aakulu, ambiri, kukula kwake kumadalira kukula kwa zomwe zinakonzedwa. Malingana ndi mawonekedwe, iwo agawanika:

• Mizere yolondola Malo otentha omwe amawoneka mozungulira nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuti azigwiritsira ntchito mafakitale, chifukwa ali ophweka mosavuta komanso ochulukirapo ponseponse pofotokoza.
• Kumangidwe. Nyumba zoterezi sizinanso zachilendo, chifukwa zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi mphepo zamphamvu, kupirira kuchuluka kwa mphepo. Posankha njirayi, mukhoza kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito zinthu zokutira popanda kuperewera.

• Pointy. Zimasiyana ndi denga lakuthwa, lomwe silololeza kuti zinyama zizisonkhanitsa ndipo sizilepheretsa kulowa kwa dzuwa.

• Dvukhskatnye. Osatchuka kwambiri pakati pa ogwira ntchito zamalonda, popeza mtundu uwu uyenera kupirira katundu wolemetsa, ndipo izi zimafuna kukhala ndi nthawi yambiri. Fomu iyi ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Pali dongosolo lina la kayendetsedwe ka nyumba zobiriwira zofanana ndi za cardinal. Kwa nyumba zomwe zili kumpoto kwa 60 ° kumpoto kwa chigawo, mbali ya latitudinal idzakhala yabwino, kumwera - meridional imodzi.

Mwachilengedwe

Kuphimba kumawathandiza kwambiri pomanga makina opangira zomera. Kawirikawiri kachitidwe ka mafakitale kameneko amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iwiri ya zokutira:

• Galasi Malo ogulitsira opangidwa ndi magalasi amadziwika ndi kutumiza bwino, komwe kumakhudza zomera ndipo, kenako, pa mbeu. Ubwino wa galasi pazinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zowonjezera kutentha zimakhalanso muzinthu zabwino zotentha zomwe zimapangidwanso ndi mtengo wake. Komabe, galasi ili ndi zovuta zambiri. Choyamba ndi kulemetsa kwakukulu kotero kuti palibe chimango chilichonse chokhoza kupirira. M'kati mwa makina a magalasi, mpweya umatentha mofulumira, umene umapindulitsa kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, panthawi ina iliyonse ya chaka chomwe chimakhala galasi ndi chokhazikika, chifukwa zotsatira za kutenthedwa kungakhale kutayika kwa mbeu, kapena mbali imodzi. Komanso, nkhaniyi ndi yovuta kuimika pamapope, motero, kupanga chofunda cha galasi, ndiyenera kuwerengera zonse mosamala kwambiri.

• Ma polycarbonate. Ichi ndi chodziwika kwambiri, chomwe sichiri chachilendo, chifukwa greencaruses kupanga greenhouses ali ndi ubwino angapo: zabwino kutentha kutsekemera; mtengo wochepa wokhalabe wofunikirako; kufalikira kwa miyezi yoipa yowonongeka; kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe; Chitetezo chabwino cha moto (ngati mugwiritsa ntchito galasi, chimango chili bwino kupanga nkhuni, zomwe zimawunikira mosavuta); mphamvu; ndalama zochepetsera zochepa za wowonjezera kutentha; kuchepa, kotero kuti liwiro la ntchito yowunikira ndilopamwamba kusiyana ndi galasi. Zowonongeka: kutuluka kwapang'onopang'ono - 85-90%, yomwe ndi yochepa kwambiri kuposa ya galasi.

Mukudziwa? Malo oyambirira ophimba ndi kuteteza nthaka - zomwe zimatchedwa greenhouses, zomwe zinkawonekera ku France m'zaka za zana la 16, zidapangidwa ndi magalasi, chifukwa galasi panthaŵiyi ndilo lokhalo lomwe likupezekapo.

Mwa kukula zipangizo zamakono

• Nthaka (nthaka) / yopanda pake. Mitundu ya dothi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nthaka, kuganizira zofunikira ndi zosowa za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera. Zosagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi njira ya hydroponic kapena aeroponic yopanda madothi.

• Rack / bestillazhnye. Muzithunzithunzi za chikhalidwe chomwe chinakula pa alumali, zokhala ndi matabwa. Njira ina - bestelazhny pamene zomera ziri pansi.

• Hydroponic / aeropic. Pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zowonjezera kutentha kwa hydroponic, zomera zimakhala ndi njira zamadzimadzi zosakaniza, zomwe zimaphatikizapo gawo lapadera lothandizira, lomwe limagwira ntchito za nthaka. Njira yokhayokha siyikugwiritsira ntchito magulu alionse. Mmalo mwake, amagwiritsa ntchito makina okhala ndi zizindikiro, komwe zomera zimayikidwa.

Phunzirani momwe mungamere mbewu za strawberries, nkhaka, tomato, masamba mu hydroponics.

Pazifukwa zamakono

• Kuswana.
• Zamasamba
• Kuphatikizidwa.
• Maluwa.

Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti malo obiriwira omwe amafunika kuti akule maluwa akulipira mofulumira kwambiri. Patatha chaka kuchokera kumangidwe, famu iyi ikugwira ntchito kuti ipindule.

Zida zowonjezera kutentha

Chifukwa chakuti m'minda yamaluwa, zomera sizimangokhala kunja (mvula, kutentha kwa mpweya) kupatula kuwala, zonsezi ziyenera kuchitidwa mothandizidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono. Pachifukwa ichi, amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zowonjezera kutentha. Ndi bwino kugula panthawi imodzimodzi monga zipangizo zomanga, popeza kuyika zida zofunika ndi mauthenga onse akuchitika panthawi yomanga.

Choyamba, nkofunikira kuti mukhalebe ndi nyengo ya kutentha m'mabotchi. Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kukhazikitsa zipangizo zamakono zotentha, monga lamulo, otentha kwambiri. Kutentha kungakhale mpweya, mpweya kapena mphika. Chachiwiri, aliyense amadziwa kuti atatha kutentha kutentha kwa 40 ° C, zomera zimakhala zaulesi ndipo zimafa posachedwa. Choncho, m'munda wokhazikika muyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wabwino umene sungapange kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Izi ndizoyamba, mpweya ndi masentimomu omwe ali pambali yonse ya nyumbayo. Ayenera kuikidwa kumtunda kwa wowonjezera kutentha, kuti mpweya wozizira, ufike mkati, umatentha pang'ono kufikira utakula. Chachitatu, popeza kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zokolola zabwino, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa njira yothirira mbewu, zomwe ziyenera kuphatikizapo, pulogalamu yachitsulo ndi kuyamwa ulimi wothirira. Muyenera kupatsidwa kuti mupange makonzedwe omwe muli ndi mapampu, omwe amakulolani kusungunula ndikusunga madzi ndi feteleza. Njira yowonongeka ikufunikanso. Zida zamakampani ogulitsa zitsamba zimaphatikizansopo njira yoperekera zakudya, zomwe palibe choyenera chomera chomera. Mitundu imeneyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakula m'minda, imakhala ndi kuwala kwapamwamba maola 9-10 patsiku. Kuchepetsa kutalika kwa usana kugwa sikuli koyipa kwa zomera, kotero panthawi imeneyi kuwala kokonzanso imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama.

Kuunikira m'makampani opanga zomera kumaphatikizapo pamene zomera zimasowa kuwala kwachilengedwe, motero kumawonjezeka masana. Monga lamulo, kuwala kumapangidwira pazitsamba zazing'ono ndipo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito madzulo, m'mawa komanso nyengo yamvula. Posankha nyali zowunikira mafakitale m'nyumba zam'munda, m'pofunika kulingalira kuti ndi zomera ziti zomwe zimapangidwa. Akatswiri nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa fosorosenti, chitsulo halide ndi sodium nyali.

Kumanga mafakitale ogulitsa mafakitale ndi okwera mtengo komanso kovuta. Ngati, poganizira zotsatira zoyenera, kuti muganizire mfundo zonse zofunika ndikusankha mtundu woyenera, mawonekedwe, zinthu zowonjezera kutentha, kapangidwe kameneko kamalipira mwamsanga ndikuthandizira phindu. Masiku ano mabuku omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makampani ogulitsa mafakitale - polycarbonate.

Dzidziwike ndi zinthu zogwiritsira ntchito filimu yowonjezera, chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira komanso momwe mungasankhire ukonde wamtundu, mitundu yayikulu ya filimu yotentha.

Komabe, mfundo za wowonjezera kutentha ndi zomera zokha - izi siziri zonse zofunika kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yogwira mtima. Ndikofunika kusankha ndi kusungirako zipangizo zotentha. Zifunika kuphatikiza Kutentha, kuyatsa, mpweya wabwino, kuthirira madzi ndi kusamba madzi.