N'zovuta kulingalira kanyumba kanyumba kopanda maluwa. Omwe akubwera mobwerezabwereza pabedi la maluwa - violets. Nkhaniyi idzafotokoza za mawonekedwe awo apadera - a violet ochuluka a zaka zambiri: mudzaphunzira momwe mungabzalidwe, madzi ndi momwe mungapangire malo abwino kuti mukhale ndi maluwa ambiri komanso kukula bwino.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Tiyeni tiwone, ndi zizindikiro zanji zakunja zimene mungazizindikire.
Kutalika kwa zomera kumakhala masentimita 25, masamba ali ochepa, oval, mthunzi wobiriwira kwambiri.
Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana - yoyera, ya buluu, buluu, yofiira, yozungulira ndi 3-5 cm, pakati pa inflorescence pali "diso" la mtundu wachikasu. Mtundu umadalira kalasi yomwe mwasankha. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chinapatsa dzina kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana ndi mtundu wosadziwika wa mphukira: kumbuyo kwake kumayang'ana kutsogolo, komwe kumafanana ndi nyanga. Chomera ichi cha banja la violet chimatulutsa chilimwe chonse, kotero kusamalidwa bwino kumakuthandizani kusangalala ndi maluwa okongola kwa nthawi yaitali.
Onaninso mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya violets.
Mukudziwa? Violet horned - maluwa otchuka m'mayiko ambiri. Kotero, ku France, amaimira imfa ndi kukhulupirika, ndipo ku Germany amadziwika ndi amayi opeza opeza. Asilavo amakhulupirira kuti maluwa awa amakula pa manda a mtsikana amene adaponyedwa ndi mnyamata asanakwatirane. Iwo amatchedwa choncho - "Pansies".
Mitundu yotchuka
Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu ya violet, iliyonse imakhala ndi mthunzi wake wa maluwa. Pali mitundu 10 yomwe imapezeka ndi wamaluwa:
- Atona. Maluwa a mitundu iyi ali ndi chikasu kapena kirimu.
- "White perfection". Mitunduyi imakhala ndi maluwa oyera, mkati mwake ili ndi malo okongola a chikasu.
- "Bot Blue" (Boughton Blue). Dzina la izi zosiyanasiyana, zimakhala zomveka bwino kuti maluwawo adzakhala a buluu.
- Victoria Cowthorne. Maluwa okongola a Lilac.
- Gazelle. Maluwa a zosiyanazi akhoza kukhala awiri a mithunzi - wofiirira wofiirira ndi mithunzi yofiirira.
- "Gem ya Jersey" (Gem ya Jersey). Amamasula lilac maluwa.
- "Ungwiro wakuda". Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amakhala ndi yowutsa chikasu.
- "Chipale cha lavender" (Lavender Ice). Maluwa amitundu yosiyanasiyana amadziwika ndi utoto wofiira, pamwamba pa zikopa za buluu.
- "Sorbet Wai-T-Ti" (Sorbet YTT). Zomerazi zingasangalatse maluwa oyambirira, maluwa okongola a buluu amayamba pachimake, maluwa okongola a buluu ndi maluwa oyera pamapeto pake.
- "Charlotte" (Charlotte). Maluwa amdima wofiirira.
Makhalidwe a kukula kwa violets
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya violet yomwe imakhala yosatha imatanthawuza zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chikhale cholimba. Pali zofunika pa chomera ichi chomwe chili chovomerezeka: kuunikira ndi malo, komanso nthaka
Kuunikira ndi malo
Violet amasonyeza kukula bwino ndi kuphulika kwambiri m'madera a dzuwa, koma kuwonetseredwa kwachangu ndi kwanthaŵi yaitali kuyenera kupeŵa. Mthunzi wobalalika uli woyenera, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku nthambi za mtengo kapena pamwamba pa bedi.
Nthaka yotchuka
Kusankhidwa bwino nthaka - lonjezo la maluwa ambiri. Dothi liyenera kukhala loamy, lokonzedwa bwino. Analimbikitsa acidity ndi 6.5-7.2. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, koma chinthu chachikulu - kupewa kupezeka kwa madzi. Mungagwiritse ntchito gawo lapansi lokonzedwa ku dothi la humus ndi loamy. Kuti mukhalebe ndi dothi lokwanira dothi limakhala ndi mulingo. Zisamba, makungwa a mitengo, miyala, moss ndizoyenera kuti izi zitheke. 
Mmene mungakwirire violet (kubzala)
Kenaka, mudzaphunzira za kufalitsa kwa zomera, komanso kukula kwa mbewu.
Kuchokera ku mbewu
Mbeu yobereka mbeu imapangitsa kuti izi zisawonongeke ndi matenda. Odziwa bwino wamaluwa ndi obereketsa amachita njira zotsatirazi zowonjezera zomera izi: pogwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a peat, amene amamizidwa m'madzi kuti adye chakudya. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda. Komanso, piritsi lirilonse liri ndi mbewu, dothi lochepa limatsanulira pamwamba. Ngati mukukonzekera kukula maluwa pawindo, mapiritsi a peat amaikidwa muzitsulo, ndipo pamwamba pazophimba ndi pulasitiki.
Ngati palibe mapiritsi a peat omwe alipo, pali njira yachiwiri yobzala mbewu. Mbewu zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa mu August, zidabzala m'mwezi womwewo. Mbewu imatsanulidwira m'mabedi okonzedwa, nthakayo imakhala yothira ndi kuwazidwa pamwamba pa gawo lochepa kwambiri la nthaka. Nkofunika kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe mumatuluka mphukira zachitsamba - masamba atatu atangoyamba, maluwawo abzalidwa. Mtunda pakati pa mphukira uyenera kukhala masentimita 20.
Mukudziwa? Johann Goethe, wolemba ndakatulo wachijeremani ndi filosofi, adakonda kuyendayenda kudera lakwawo la Weimar kuti akabalalitse mbewu za violets. Maluwa aakulu akukula kumeneko. Iwo amatchedwa mu ulemu - "Goethe's violets".
Kubzala masamba
Njira yoberekera ikuphatikizapo kudula mitengo. Iyi ndiyo njira yowonjezera yowonjezera violets. Kuti polojekitiyo ikhale yopambana, zifukwa zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsatiridwa:
- Pezani malo oti mubzala ndikukonzekera nthaka - kumasula ndi kumasula;
- Sankhani zipatso zabwino zowyala - izi ziyenera kukhala zobiriwira zobiriwira kuchokera pamwamba. Pa mphukira ayenera kukhala masamba awiri;
- kudula cuttings obzalidwa okonzeka mabedi kuti akuya 1.5-2 masentimita;
- Mukhoza kuphimba pamwamba ndi nsalu yonyowa - izi zidzathandiza kuti cuttings ikhale mofulumira;
- Kusamalidwa tsiku ndi tsiku - kuthirira (kupopera mankhwala) ndi kuyeretsa namsongole.
Nthawi zonse mumakondwera ndi diso lanu ndipo mumakongoletsa dacha akhoza kumera maluwa otere: tulips, autumn crocus, crocuses, muscari, daffodils, hionodoksy, akvilegiya, astilba, periwinkle, brunner, cornflower, madzi, ndi doronicum.
Momwe mungasamalire chomera m'munda
Mukamabzala violet, simungachite chisamaliro chapadera.
Kuthirira
Ngakhale kuti duwa limakonda kumera mu nthaka yonyowa, lamulo lalikulu sikuti lizidwalitse ndi kuthirira. Madzi osefukira ambiri a mbewuyo amachititsa kuvunda kwa mizu. Kupopera masambawo m'mawa ndi madzulo ndi kuthirira moyenera nthaka - izi ndizophatikizapo bwino kukula kwa violets m'munda.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira kwa ulimi wothirira, n'zotheka kuyambitsa maonekedwe a mdima m'malo ena a zomera. Kuthirira bwino kumachitika ndi madzi olekanitsa kutentha.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kudyetsa kawirikawiri sikofunika. Ndikokwanira kawiri pa chaka, panthawi ya kukula kwa masamba ndi pambuyo pa maluwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta mchere kapena feteleza. Analoledwa kuti apange feteleza zomera ndi kutsirira. N'zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa atsopano a feteleza - sizowonongeka kuti zitsamba ndikufa.
Kudulira
Kudulira mphukira za regrown kumalimbikitsa kukula. Ngati nthawi zonse mumayang'ana bedi, muyenera kuchotsa maluwa, zouma masamba.
Zimazizira zotentha
Zima zowonongeka zimalekerera bwino. Koma pali khola limodzi pokonzekera maluwa kwa wintering - zomera zosakanizidwa ziyenera kuphimbidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Masingano a pinini ndi masamba owuma adzabisala bwino kuchokera ku chisanu. Mitundu ya varietal kubisala m'nyengo yozizira siyenela.
Ndikofunikira! Violets amakonda kukonda slugs. Pofuna kutaya mollusks, maluwa ayenera kupopedwa ndi mankhwala a mowa ammonia.
Matenda ndi mavuto akukula
Matenda otsatirawa akhoza kukhala owopsa kwa mbewu - imvi zowola ndi mwendo wakuda. Zitha kutetezedwa mwa kuonetsetsa kuti zitha kusamalidwa bwino, monga kuthirira nthawi yake. Ngati mwawona kuwonongeka kwa zomera, ndiye kupopera mankhwala ndi mankhwala a soda ndi sopo kapena kuwaza ndi sulfure yaying'ono kungawathandize.
Mudasankha kukula violets, simudzakumana ndi mavuto apadera ali panjira. Chomera ichi ndichabechabe, kusamalira violet kumakhala kosavuta, kumera kuchokera ku mbewu ndi kusonkhanitsa oyambirira kukuthandizani kuyamikira maluwa kale chaka chino.
