Zina mwa zomera zomwe zilipo panopa kukakumana ndi nthumwi ya zisumbu za ku Japan sizili zophweka. Bright, koma panthawi imodzimodzi, mitundu yosiyana ya zomera za chilumbachi silingathe kugonjetsa mlimi wamaluwa ndi kukwaniritsa kutchuka. Komabe, pali zosiyana. Mmodzi wa awa ndi woimira banja la Araliev - Fatsia. M'nkhaniyi tiona zomwe zomera izi ndizo, fufuzani zomwe duwa la fatsia liri, komanso momwe mungasamalire mitunduyi moyenera.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Fatsia ndi ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imaphatikizidwira m'banja Araliaceae (Aralia). Zilumba za ku Japan mwachikhalidwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zachilengedwe za oimira, komanso Taiwan ndi madera angapo a South Korea. Fatsia amatchedwa chilumba cha Fatsi, dzina lake limatanthawuza "asanu ndi atatu" potembenuzidwa, lomwe likuwonetseratu kugawidwa kwa tsamba la masamba kukhala mitundu 8.
Mukudziwa? Fatsia - Ndi wachibale wapamtima wa therere monga ginseng.
Kugawikana kukhala mabala ophatikizira pa mluza kumveka bwino. Mitunduyi ndiyimira zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi mamita 4. Komabe, izi sizikuchitika kunyumba, chifukwa chipinda cha Fatsia sichiposa mamita 1.5 mu msinkhu.
Pachifukwa ichi, lamina m'mimba sichifikira masentimita 40, ndipo masamba okhawo amawongolera pa thunthu muzitsulo zina kapena zobiriwira. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe oyang'ana pamwamba ndipo amagawidwa, pafupifupi, amakhala asanu ndi awiri, masentimita asanu ndi awiri m'lifupi.
Phunzirani za zovuta za kusamalira zitsamba zina: pahira, cicasso, peo, calceolaria, ndevu za golidi, pelargonium, masitengo, mtengo wa khofi, ng'ombeya, araucaria, lantana, nepenthes, zhiryankoy, mandarin, kumanzere, violet, primula.
Fatsia ili ndi maluwa mu November. Panthawi imeneyi, thunthulo limakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono komanso osadabwitsa, mtundu wake umasiyana ndi mtundu wobiriwira ndi wobiriwira, ndipo pafupifupi mamita atatu ndi awiri mwake. Mphukira ya mbewuyi ndi yofanana ndi mazira ndipo imagawidwa m'magulu asanu.
Maluwa amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera inflorescence. Pambuyo maluwa, nthawi zambiri, zipatso za 5 mm kukula zimapezeka pa fatsia, ponena za zipatso zosayenera.
Mitundu
Mitundu yambiri ya zinyama za Araliah, sizinthu zambiri zomwe zatchuka kwambiri. Zosasangalatsa komanso zosagwirizana ndi zochitika zapadera, mtundu wa omwe akuimira mapiri a ku Asia zakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti Fatsia azikonda kwambiri anthu omwe amakonda nyumba zapakhomo.
Komabe, pali mitundu ya floriculture yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi Aralia. Choyamba, ndi Fatsia wa Japan ndi Fatshedera Lisa, omwe tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane.
Chijapani
Fatsia Japanese - ndi chomera chomwe chimayimirira mtundu. Mitundu imeneyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama m'nyumba yotentha zaka 200 zapitazo. Masamba a fatia a ku Japan ali ofanana ndi mkuyu. Japan imaonedwa kuti ndi chilengedwe cha zomera.
Mukudziwa? Fatsia Japanese ndiyimira zomera za monotypic. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pali mitundu imodzi yokha mu dzina lachibadwa la maluwa awa.Ndi chomera ichi cha zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa mu sitolo kwa wogula, chifukwa sivuta kusamalira maluwa. Kuwonjezera apo, mawonekedwe apadera ndi owonekera a chomerachi amasiyanitsa bwino chomera ichi ndi mitundu yambiri ya m'nyumba. Lero, obereketsa apeza mitundu yambiri ya fatsia:
- Argentei marginatis - ndi shrub yokongola, yomwe imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi yomwe ili ndi malire oyera a masamba.
- Aurei marginatis - shrub kunyumba, masamba omwe ali ndi chikasu chooneka bwino.
- Moseri - imodzi mwa zomera zowonongeka kwambiri, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi nthambi yaing'ono ya tsinde ndi mthunzi wobiriwira wa masamba.
Ndikofunikira! Msuzi wa Fatsia Japanese ndi amphamvu kwambiri, kotero anthu omwe ali ndi hypersensitivity a khungu musanayambe chomera pakhomo, nthawi zonse muzifunsira kwa madokotala, ndipo chisamaliro cha fatsii chiyenera kuchitika mwa njira iliyonse yotetezera thupi.
Fatshedera Lise
Fatshedera Lisa ndi mtundu wosakanizidwa kuchokera pachiyambi, umene unayamba kuwonedwa ku France mu 1912. Mtundu wosakanizidwa unabzalidwa ndi abale Liza pamaziko a futiya achizolowezi ndi chipatso cha Japanese. Chifukwa cha kudutsa pakati, anthu obereketsa anawoneka mosiyana, omwe amawoneka ngati ivy, okongoletsedwa ndi masamba ndi maluwa osiyana kwambiri ndi mbali yokongola.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pa kusankha Fatshedera, Lisa anakhala imodzi mwa zomera zomwe zimakonda kwambiri khonde. Kukwezera kwala kunakhala chomera chokongola chokongoletsera mabwalo ndi masitepe, komanso chinakhala maziko abwino kwambiri popanga nyimbo zowala bwino m'nyumba.
Timapanga zinthu kuti zikule
Fatsia ndi mawonekedwe omwe sakhala odzichepetsa pa chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe: kuti apange malo abwino kwa chomera, ntchito yaikulu siidzasowa. Kuonjezerapo, nyengo yozizira, maluwa amenewa angakhale njira yothetsera vutoli popanga mabedi okongola a dacha. Komabe, pofuna kulima bwino fatsia muyenera kudziwa zinthu zofunika, zomwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.
Kuunikira
Fatsia ndi maluwa kuti amalekerera mwangwiro kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi madzulo, koma kuti apange mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri a tsamba, m'pofunika kusunga chomera ngati pali kuwala kokwanira. Kwa ichi, windowsills kumadzulo kapena kummawa ndi abwino.
Pawindo la kumpoto kwa nyumbayi, fatsia idzakula popanda mavuto apadera, koma kukula kwa mbewu kudzachitika motalika kwambiri. M'nyengo yotentha, kusamba kwa dzuwa mu mpweya wabwino wa khonde kapena malo ogona kumakhala kothandiza kwa fatsia.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kutentha
Bzalani amakonda madzi ngakhale kuposa oimira ambiri a madera otentha. Choncho, m'pofunika tsiku lililonse kupopera kapena kupukuta ndi nsalu yonyowa, makamaka pa kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira yotentha mbewu imalimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale yosamba nthawi zonse. Koma m'nyengo yozizira, kuchuluka kwa madzi ogwiritsira ntchito ulimi wothirira kwacheperachepera kangapo, izi ndi zofunika makamaka pa kutentha kwa mpweya.
Ma fatsyam onse amafunikira kutentha kwa mpweya, mofanana ndi chilengedwe. Kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa autumn, ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi +17 mpaka + 22 ° С. Mu nthawi yozizira, fatsia imamva bwino ngakhale ngakhale kutentha kwapakati pa chipinda, koma malo abwino kwambiri a duwa ndikutentha kwambiri pamwamba pa 10 ° C.
Mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, kutentha sikuyenera kugwera m'munsimu + 16 ° C.
Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawiyi pamene nyengo za Fatsia zimatha kutentha, zimayenera kupereka chitsimikizo china. Njira yabwino yothetsera izi idzakhala yapadera.
Nthaka yotentha
Aralia chikondi asidi pang'ono kapena nthaka. Komanso, mamembala a banja amakula bwino mu hydroponics, koma lamulo lalikulu la gawo lapansi ndilopuma bwino. Pofuna kulima chomera chopatsa thanzi, nthaka imapangidwa ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:
- mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1: 1 mu mphika ayenera kukhala udzu, mchenga, humus, peat gawo;
- nthaka yosavuta, peat substrate, humus ndi mchenga ziyenera kukhala zofanana zokha;
- muyeso 4: 2: 1 iyenera kukhala nthaka, nthaka ndi mchenga.
Kubzala ndi kuswana fatsy
Fatsia kunyumba amakula popanda mavuto chifukwa cha mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo yobereka. Pezani zomera zowonjezera zazing'ono ndi zathanzi mwa kubzala mbewu, kukulumikiza kapena kudula. Taonani zitsanzo zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuchokera ku mbewu
Kukula fatsia ku mbewu panyumba pansi pa mphamvu ya aliyense. Mbewu imafesedwa mwachindunji nthaka yokonzedweratu. Mbewu imabzalidwa mozama osapitirira 10 mm. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana kutentha kwa mpweya wa pafupifupi 18 ° C kapena kupitirira mpaka kutuluka kwathunthu.
Pambuyo pa masamba awiri oyambirira kuonekera pa mphukira, mbande ndi okonzeka kuika mu mphika wosiyana. Mphukira imakhala mu chidutswa chimodzi pa mphika, kenako chidebe chimayikidwa pamalo ofunda ndi ofunda, koma popanda dzuwa.
Pamene kubereka kwa zomera kumera bwino kumera kwa mbewu kapena engraftment ya cuttings, mizu yopanga mapulogalamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito: "Kornevin", "Kornerost", "Heteroauxin", "Epin yowonjezera", "Chunky", "Etamon".
Kuyambira cuttings
Fentsia kumtengowo amapezeka ndi chithandizo cha mphukira zazing'ono. Kwa ichi m'chaka, cuttings amadulidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa duwa. Kudula kotsirizidwa kumakhala mu gawo lapadera lochokera mchenga ndi peat, pambuyo pake chidebecho chiyenera kukulunga mu thumba la pulasitiki kuti likhale ndi mvula yotentha.
Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pafupi + 20-26 ° С, zidutswazo zimayamba mizu mkati mwa sabata. Pambuyo pa rooting, kubzala zinthu zakonzeka kubzala mu miphika.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamalumikiza, chomera chili chofunikira kwambiri cha mpweya wabwino: chifukwa chaichi, ndibwino kuti tilowe mkati mwa thumba la pulasitiki m'mawa ndi madzulo.
Kuchokera pa kuyika
Pamene maluwa okongola a maluwa akufuna zabwino, mukhoza kubwezeretsanso duwa mothandizidwa ndi maonekedwe a mpweya. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, thunthu la fatsia, lopangidwa ndi sphagnum moss, linalowetsedwa mu njira yapadera yolimbikitsa.
Pambuyo pake, nyumba yomangidwayo ndi yokutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki kapena filimu. Ndikumasamalira nthawi zonse mvula yambiri, moss kale Pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pali mizu ya mlengalenga. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri, nsonga ndi mizu ndi okonzeka kudula ndi kubzala mu mphika wosiyana.
Chisamaliro choyenera
Njira zazikuluzikulu ndi kuthirira bwino, kumasula nthaka, chitetezo ku dzuwa lopitirira ndi zina zotero.
Kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu
M'chilimwe, fatsia imayenera kuthiriridwa mwamsanga pamene nthaka iyamba kuuma. M'nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira, kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumafunika kuchepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono, koma nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lapansi mu mphika limakhala losalekeza nthawi zonse.
Kulephera kwa chinyezi kumapweteka mbewu. Mukaumitsa nthaka kamodzi, mudzapeza duwa loponyera masamba, omwe sitingakwanitse kukweza. Ndifunikanso kukumbukira izi kuthirira mowa kwambiri kungawononge chomera kwambiri kuposa kuyanika. Ndikofunika kuti chomera ichi chikhale ndi mphamvu yolongosola bwino golide kutanthawuza kuthirira.
Feteleza
Chipinda chapamwamba chokongoletsera fatsiya ziyenera kuchitika mlungu uliwonse. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mchere ndi feteleza zokha, kuphatikizapo. Chomeracho chikusowa zakudya zowonjezera mu kugwa, nyengo ndi chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kusiya zovala zapamwamba, komanso m'chilimwe, ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya, zimalimbikitsa kudyetsa zakudya zowonjezera kamodzi pa mwezi.
Kudulira
Kudulira Fatsia kumasamutsidwa mwangwiro. Zakale ndi zouma zingathe kudulidwa nthawi iliyonse ya chaka, koma mapangidwe a chitsamba amapangidwa bwino nthawi yamasika. Kuti muchite izi, dulani masamba ena, ziwalo za thunthu, ndipo ngati n'kotheka, muyenera kuzungulira pamwamba pa mphukira - izi zimapanga shrub yokongola komanso yokongola.
Kuwaza
Pamene mizu ya chomera imasonyezedwa kuchokera mu dzenje lakuda, ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu choti kuika fatsia kumafunika. Njirayi imapangidwa bwino kumayambiriro kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, koma osati mobwerezabwereza katatu.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira izi mphika sayenera kukhala wamkulu kwambiri, chifukwa zidzakhudza kukula kwa maluwa, maonekedwe ake. Chomerachi chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokonzekera: M'nthaka yosavuta yazinyama, zomera sizipeza zakudya zofunikira kuti zikhale bwino.
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Ngakhale fatsia ndi mtundu wosasamala, m'nyumba yosungiramo zomera yotentha yomwe imakhala ndi zomera zamkati zimatha kukumana ndi ambiri, nthawi zina ndi zosayembekezereka. Popeza madzi a chomerawo ndi owopsa, zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maluwa ziyenera kuchitika m'maguluvesi otetezera.
Koma nthawi zambiri, mavuto ndi zomera amayamba chifukwa cha madzi osayenera. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi, zimakhala zouma ndi zowonongeka, ndipo kuchokera ku chomera choyamba chimayamba kufuna.
Komanso, kuvunda kwa imvi, komwe kumachitika m'nyengo yozizira chifukwa cha kuthirira maluwa, kungathenso kumasula. Chomeracho chikhoza kupulumutsidwa ku matendawa pokhapokha mutadula mbali zomwe zakhudzidwa, ndipo pakakhala zovuta kwambiri muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito fungicidal wothandizira.
Ndiyeneranso kuyang'anitsitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa tizilombo monga whitefly, kangaude, nkhono, aphid ndi ena asankha maluwa. Chifukwa cha chitukuko chawo, masamba a fatsia anayamba kutembenuka chikasu, kupiringa, ndi zomera zimafa.
Lero tafufuza zomwe Fatsia wa ku Japan ali pa chithunzi, ndi chani chomwe chili chofunikira panyumba. Chisamaliro, chikondi komanso mwakhama popanga fatsia zimapereka mphoto kwa mwiniwake wa chomeracho ndi maluwa omveka bwino komanso osakumbukika.
