Alternaria ndi mtundu wa nkhungu za nkhungu zomwe zimakhudza zomera zambiri, zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta kudya zipatso zawo, kuphatikizapo, ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri aumunthu, monga chifuwa chosiyanasiyana ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha mphumu. Nkhaniyi ikudzipereka kwambiri pa chitukuko cha alternaria mu mbatata, ili ndi chithunzi chomwe chili ndi zizindikiro zake, kufotokozera za matenda ndi njira zake zothandizira.
Kufotokozera
Matendawa nthawi zambiri imayambitsa matenda a tubers, zimayambira ndi masamba a zomera. Alternariosis si matenda okhawo a mbatata, ikhoza kuthandizanso zomera zina za banja la Solanaceous, mwachitsanzo, tomato. Kuwonongeka kwa matendawa, kufanana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mochedwa choipitsa, kungachepetsere zokolola zonse mwa 20-30%.
Mukudziwa? South America imaonedwa kuti ndi malo odyera mbatata, kumene mungathe kukumana ndi oyimira ake zakutchire. Komabe, kwa zaka zambirimbiri, Amwenye a ku South America adakula mbatata ngati chomera cholimidwa.
Asanayambe maluwa, kawirikawiri masiku 15-20, pa masamba a bwanji mbatata amapangidwa zazikulu zakuda kapena zakudaomwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu. Ngati mlingo wa zowonongeka uli wokwanira, ndiye kuti mawanga amayamba kusonkhana wina ndi mzake, ndipo masamba amayamba kutembenukira mofulumira. Mapesi ndi mapesi a zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa nazo zimakhala ndi mawanga paokha omwe amawoneka mofanana ndi mapangidwe, koma ochuluka kwambiri. 
Ngati chilengedwe chimakhala chabwino (kutentha kuchokera ku 26 ° C ndi chinyezi chokwanira) kuti chitukukocho chifike, ndiye kuti mawanga oyambirira ayamba kuwonekera pa zomera zowonongeka patatha masiku 2-3 kuchokera nthawi ya matenda.
Mbatata ya mbatata yokhudzidwayo imakhala ndi mawanga osasinthasintha, omwe nthawi zambiri amavutika maganizo, omwe ali ndi mthunzi wakuda kuposa khungu. Minofu yathanzi ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi yokhayokha. Mawanga aakulu kwambiri amadzazidwa ndi maukonde a makwinya omwe amawoneka mozungulira ndi kuvala malangizo ofanana.
Ngati mutadula kachilombo ka HIV, mumatha kuona bwino minofu yomwe imavunda mofanana ndi zowola. Zili ngati mawonekedwe awo, owuma, owuma, ofiira. 
Zimayambitsa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Chifukwa cha matendawa chimagunda pazitsamba zatsopano zogwiritsa ntchito mbatata conidia ndi mycelium, otsala pa zotsalira za zomera ndi tubers. Momwe nyengo imakhala ikuthandizira kukula kwa bowa, matendawa amayamba kukula.
Mukudziwa? Pakali pano pali mitundu yotsatizana yokwana 44 ya mtundu wa Alternaria, komabe, malingaliro ena, pali zambiri, mpaka mazana angapo.
Ambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - A. solani, a. zina, a. infectoria ndi ena a mtundu uwu. Mycelium ya mitundu yonseyi ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi awa: ndikuthamanga kwa utoto wofiira, uli ndi mapangidwe ophatikizana, okhalapo. 
Zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitukukochi chikule bwino ndi izi: Kufooka kwa zomera ndi nthaka yoipa kapena nyengo, nyengo yowuma, nyengo yozizira, kusowa kwa madzi kapena kuchepa, kusowa kwa nthaka, kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous yambiri, kuipitsidwa kwa mbeu yanu ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Malangizo kwa alangizi wamaluwa: kuphunzira momwe mungamere mbatata pansi pa udzu, mu matumba, asanafike nyengo yozizira, malingana ndi sayansi ya Dutch; spud (kuphatikizapo motoblock) ndi chakudya; Ndibwino kuti mukulima mbatata.
Mitundu yotsutsa
Tsoka, obereketsawa alephera kwambiri kupanga zosiyana zomwe siziwopa mantha a mbatata monga alternariosis. Komabe, pali mndandanda umene umaphatikizapo mitundu yomwe imadwala matendawa. zochepa kuposa ena:
- Adretta Mbatata iyi, kuphatikizapo njira zake zogwiritsira ntchito ndi Alternaria, imatchuka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti ndi mitundu yoyamba ndi thupi lachikasu, lomwe linkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti anthu azidya. Yabwino kwambiri pophika jekete.
- Bronnitsky. Kuphatikiza pa kukana kwa msilikali wa m'nkhani ino, komanso matenda okhudza mbatata, ngati mwendo wakuda ndi nkhanambo. Mitunduyi ndi yabwino kwambiri popanga frying ya French.
- Chikondi. Mitundu yoyambirira yomwe imakhala ndi michubu yoyera, yomwe imakhala yosavuta kuti ikhale yoyera panthawi yophika. Ngakhale kulimbana kwakukulu kwa Alternaria, nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi nkhanambo wamba.
Werengani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata: "Kiwi", "Luck", "Gala", "Queen Anne", "Rosara", "Blue", "Irbitsky".
Mmene mungagwirire ndi Alternaria
Mukawona kuti zomera zanu zikudwala ndi Alternaria, ndi nthawi yosunga mbatata, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina. Miyeso imeneyi ikuphatikizapo magulu akuluakulu awiri - amagwiritsidwa ntchito mothandizidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zamoyo komanso kupopera mbewu mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Njira yolimbana nayo ikuphatikizapo kukonzekera kwa tubers kusanayambe kubzala. Kawirikawiri, pamagwiritsidwe ntchito mfuti zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakonzedwa padera, pambuyo pake kupopera mbewu kumachitika mwachindunji.
Oyenera kwambiri zopaka mankhwala Asanafike, awa ndi Baktofid, Integral ndi Agat-25. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa matenda a tubers pambuyo pa kuyamba kwa kukula nyengo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "Planriz". 
Mankhwala
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gululi, monga lamulo, ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa umoyo wa anthu chifukwa cha poizoni wawo. Choncho, pakapopera mankhwalawa, m'pofunika kukumbukira za zipangizo zoteteza: chitetezo, magolovesi, mapiritsi ndi maski kapena kupuma.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pa nyengo yokula. Chifukwa chaichi, 0.2-0.3% zothetsera zoterezi zikuyenera kwambiri:
- "Phindu",
- "Novozri",
- "Thanos",
- "Mancozeb",
- "Kuproksat",
- "Uten",
- "Penczeb".
N'zotheka kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira zotsatila 0.4-0.5% za Meta transg, Cupricol, Acrobat MC, HOM, Metamil, ndi Abigak-Pika.
Ndikofunikira! Mukawona kuti mbatata zanu zili ndi Alternaria m'mayambiriro oyambirira a chitukuko chake, ndiye mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuti muwachire. "Bravo" pa mlingo wa 2.3-3 malita pa 1 hekitala yoyenda dera.
N'zotheka kuti azizaza tubers mu nthawi yapitayi kuti apange chisungidwe chachisanu ndi chithandizo cha "Maxim" kukonzekera pa mlingo wa 0,2 l pa tani imodzi. Kukonzekera koyamba kuyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga mutangotulukira zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa. Nthawi zambiri kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumadalira nthawi ya mankhwala osankhidwa ndi kutentha komwe mbatata ili. 
Kupewa Matenda
Pali zosiyanasiyana zotheka njira zothandizira Matendawa, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri omwe ali pansipa:
- Kuyeretsa kwakukulu kwa tsogolo la kubzala kwa mbatata kuchokera ku zitsamba za matenda. Kuti izi zitheke, kuyima kwakukulu kwa nyengo yozizira kumakhala yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri zitsamba zowonongeka kuti ziwonongeke bwino, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuwonjezeka kwa spores ndi mycelium m'nthaka.
- Ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo a zowonongeka kwa mbeu, osati kubzala mbatata zingapo ndi mamembala a mabanja ena a Solanaceae, monga tomato, omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa.
- Simukuyenera kukula mbatata kwa zaka zoposa zitatu pamalo omwewo.
- Yolondola komanso yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza nthawi yake. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yoyenera kukula kwa mbatata, ili yokwanira, koma osati kwambiri, nitrogen ndi potaziyamu.
- Ngati chaka ndi chaka, tubers yanu imakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, ndiye yesetsani kukula mitundu yomwe ikulimbana ndi matendawa. Mndandanda wa mitundu yotere ingapezeke pamwambapa.
- Chotsani ma tubers pokhapokha atatha kucha, kuyesera kuti asawapangitse kusokoneza kwachinthu. Momwemonso mudzawonjezera mwayi woti gawo limodzi kapena tuber lonse likhalebe panthaka, lomwe lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati hotbed kwa bowa.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti simungathe kuwaza mbatata yanu nthawi zambiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala - 4 pa nthawi iliyonse.
Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikuthandizani kulimbana ndi matenda osasangalatsa, monga matenda a alternaria a mbatata. Kumbukirani kuti nthawi yomwe mumatha kupewa - yochuluka kwambiri kuposa yina iliyonse, ngakhale mankhwala okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndi bwino kukuthandizani kuti muzisunga zokolola zanu za mbatata kusiyana ndi mankhwala omwe alipo masiku ano. Khalani ndi zokolola zabwino!
