Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa amafunitsitsa kukhala ndi maluwa atsopano pa chiwembu chawo, kapena kuchulukitsa tchire komwe kulipo kuti apange kukongola kwakukulu kwa gawolo pafupi ndi nyumbayo. Njira yotchuka kwambiri kukwaniritsira cholinga ichi ndi kukulumikizanitsa, zomwe zimapereka kulima maluwa kuchokera ku gawo laling'ono la msamba.
Mitengoyi imatha kuchitidwa kasupe kapena m'chilimwe kapena m'dzinja, komabe alimi ambiri amasankha njira yotsirizayo. Tiyeni tifufuze mozama za kuthekera kodzala maluwa mu kugwa.
Mitundu yoyenera
Choyamba, si mitundu yonse yamakono yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokozanitsa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti musanayambe kubzala mbeu mwa njirayi, muyenera kutsimikiza kuti njirayi ndi yoyenera.
Choncho, oyenera abwino a cuttings ndi chivundikiro cha pansi ndi mitundu yaying'ono, komanso polyanthous ndi kukwera mitundu ya maluwa, momwe muli maluwa ochepa. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito Floribunda rose cuttings, mungathe kudalira pa makumi asanu peresenti mwayi wa rooting kwa kubzala chotero.
Sizowonjezereka kufalitsa njirayi ndi kukwera zomera ndi maluwa akulu, komanso paki ndi mitundu ya tiyi ya tiyi. Chiwerengero cha cuttings mizu mu nkhaniyi chidzakhala chochepa. 
Ndiyambe liti? Nthawi yabwino kwambiri
Musanayambe kukula maluwa kuchokera ku cuttings, ndikofunika kusankha nthawi yoyenera kwambiri yowonongeka. Kuti mchenga ukhoze kupanga ndi mizu yowonongeka, kudula kumayenera kukwanira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ziyenera kudulidwa asanamalize kuchoka pamadzi, koma asanayambe kuphulika.
Nthawi zina, kudula nkhuni sikudzasinthika ndipo sikuyenera kuyendetsa mizu. Ngati tilankhulana ndi nambala, ndiye kuti nthawi yoyenera kwambiri yogulira zinthu zoterezi idzakhala nthawi ya September 15 mpaka Septemba 25.
Ndikofunikira! Sankhani mphukira pachaka kuti pakhale magawo anai omwe amapezeka pa gawo lirilonse (pamwamba pa pamwamba muyenera kupanga molunjika, ndi pamwambapa - scythe). Ngati masamba asanagwe, amatha kudula pang'ono.Ambiri amalima maluwa amavomereza kupuma kwa maluwa a rozi, chifukwa ndi kosavuta kuti muzule zokolola zoterezi nthawi yam'mbuyo.
Ndi zophweka kufotokoza zovuta izi: pokonzekera nyengo yozizira, rosebush amayesera kudzikundikira zakudya monga momwe zingathere, makamaka popeza kudula mphukira, mudzatha kusankha choyenera kwambiri chodzala.Kudula maluwa mu kugwa ndi njira yophweka, koma nkofunikira kudziwa osati maonekedwe okhawo, komanso malamulo oti asamalire kwambiri maluwa omwe adalandira kunyumba, zomwe tidzakambirana pambuyo pake.
Pulogalamu ya Kukondwera Kwambiri, Pierre de Ronsard, Sophia Loren, Falstaff, Pink Intuition, Blue Perfume, William Shakespeare, Graham Thomas, Mary Rose, Abraham Derby, Chopin, New Dawn, onani makhalidwe osiyanasiyana.
Kugula kwa cuttings
Ataganizira nthawi yolemba pamodzi ndikusankha chitsanzo choyenera kwambiri, cholinga chake chokhalira kudula maluwawo moyenera kuti chisankho chofalitsa maluwa mugwa chibweretse zotsatira zowonjezera kumapeto kwa nyengo (mpaka pano mbali zonsezi zitha kusungidwa popanda rooting). 
Ndondomeko yotereyi ndi yophweka ndipo ikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- sankhani tsinde lopangidwa bwino komanso lopangidwa bwino kwambiri, ndipo pang'onong'ono kuchokera kumtunda wa masamba 1.5 mm, pangani chowongolera (gawo lochepetseka limapangidwa pang'ono);
- Pa gawo lotsirizidwa, chotsani masamba onse ndi minga yomwe ili pafupi ndi kudula kwache, ndipo kumtunda kuchepetsani masamba ndi 1/3;
- Gwiritsani ntchito gawo lakumwamba (podulidwa) ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena kungolowa mu sera yosungunuka;
- musanayambe kudula, muziike m'madzi kwa maola 24, mutatha kuwonjezera njira zowonjezera mizu.
Mukudziwa? Ndimakhala wokhala ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, munthu amakhala wodekha komanso wokoma mtima, choncho maluwa amaluwa akulimbikitsidwa kuti aziyikidwa mnyumbamo mwachisoni komanso osakwiya.
Momwe mungasunge cuttings mpaka masika
Kudula cuttings kumayambiriro kwa November, sikuti nthawi yomweyo amazika mizu yake. Amatha kudikirira mwachidwi nthawi yabwino, atakhala m'nyengo yozizizira m'madzi anu kapena pa khonde. Kuti achite izi, amafunikira prikopat yekha mumchenga kapena gawo lina. 
Kwa anthu ogona nyumba, njira yabwino yotsatira idzakhala: Pansi pa chidebe cha pulasitiki chokonzekera, tsitsani madzi okwanira mamita asanu ndi limodzi (kutsanulira pansi), ndiyeno uwonjezerepo dothi lalikulu lomwe likuphatikiza ndi perlite ndi vermiculite. Monga njira ina, mukhoza kusakaniza nthaka ndi mchenga kapena kugula gawo lapadera la "rose".
Perlite amatha kukhala ndi madzi, omwe maulendo ake ndi olemera kuwirikiza kawiri, kutanthauza kuti 20 peresenti ya chinthucho ndi yokwanira kwa inu. Pambuyo popanga tizilombo tating'ono ting'onoting'ono mu gawo lokonzekera, ikani mitolo ndi cuttings mwa iwo m'munsimu ndipo mopepuka kuwaza iwo. Pamwamba akhoza kusindikizidwa ndi parafini yofunda, koma izi ndizosankha.
Mitengo ya zomera zosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi maonekedwe awo, omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa pokonzekera kufalitsa currants, spruce, plum, laurel, mphesa.Kuchokera pamwamba pa chidebecho chiyenera kumadzazidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki (makamaka poyera) ndi kumangirizidwa ndi chingwe ku chidebe. Mphamvu yokha yophimbidwa ndi mabulangete kapena zovala zina zotentha. Pa masiku a dzuwa ndi abwino, cellophane ikhoza kudulidwa pang'ono ndipo imaloledwa "kupumira" m'magaziwo, ndikukuwaza madzi.
Chinthu china chabwino chomwe sichidzachotsa khama lalikulu pakukonzekera ndi Gwiritsani ntchito kusunga cuttings wa firiji. Pankhaniyi, zokolola zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa zimayikidwa mu thumba lachikopa ndipo zimatumizidwa kusungirako pakhomo la firiji. Pafupipafupi pamlungu amafunika kupeza ndi kutulutsa mankhwala. Mukhoza kusunga magawo a maluwa mwanjira imeneyi kwa pafupifupi miyezi itatu kutentha kosaposa + 1 ... +3 ° C. 
Monga mwasankha mungathe sungani zonse zidutswa mu makatoni ndi kungotsanulira peat pamwamba pake, kenako sankhani kona lakuda kwambiri mu dacha (pamalo otentha chisanu chidzagona motalika kwambiri popanda ziphuphu) ndikuyika bokosi pamenepo, yokutidwa ndi chisanu kuchokera pamwamba.
Chotsatira chake, mutenga kanyumba kakang'ono ka chisanu, ndipo kuti chisasungunuke mofulumira, mukhoza kuchiphimba ndi nthambi ya pinini kapena nthambi. Kenaka musindikize phukusi (zingatheke mothandizidwa ndi zikopa), kuyembekezera mpaka madzi atuluka kwathunthu.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri (mpaka -25 ... -30 ° C) ndizofunika kuzungulira chidebecho ndi chinachake chofunda kapena kuziyika kanthawi kozizira.
Kukonza mizu
Kuwombera kwadothi kungathe kuchitika m'modzi mwa zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zingatheke: Pachiyambi choyamba, mukudikirira kupanga mizu yatsopano, kubzala zigawo mu miphika, ndipo pamutu wachiwiri, tibzalani nthawi yomweyo padothi, komwe angakhalepo kapena kenako adzaikidwe ku malo ena . 
Mwamkati
Musanayike m'nthaka yotsekedwa, ndiko kuti, muzitsulo zosiyana (kapena tanki imodzi), nkofunika kusiya zokolola kwa maola makumi awiri ndi awiri m'madzi ndikutsatiranso ndi potassium permanganate.
Kenaka madzi amatsanulira pansi (pansi pang'onopang'ono), ndipo pamwamba pake pali gawo lapadera kapena nthaka yowonjezera yomwe pang'onopang'ono chitukuko cha mdulidwe chidzachitika. Chotsaliracho chiyenera kukhala chabwino komanso chotsuka mchenga wa mtsinje, kutsanulira ndi makulidwe a masentimita atatu.
Mukameta phesi mumchenga, yesetsani kuti musafike ku sod wosanjikiza, ndipo mutabzala zigawo zingapo kamodzi, onetsetsani kuti mupita mtunda wa masentimita 8 pakati pawo kapena mukuwombera padera.
Zonse zopangidwa ndi cuttings ziyenera kukonkha ndi madzi, ndiyeno muziphimba aliyense ndi botolo la pulasitiki ndi khosi lopindika kapena phukusi nthawi zonse. Miphika ndi mbande imayikidwa kutentha, koma osati malo otentha kwambiri, kumene kuwala kwa dzuwa sikukugwa. Kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa 20% +22 ° C, ndipo pofuna kusunga chinyezi pa msinkhu wokwanira, ndikwanira nthawi zonse kukweza mabotolo ndi kutsanulira mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Mafuta otengedwa kuchokera ku maluwa ndiwo amtengo wapatali kwambiri padziko lapansi ndipo amtengo wapatali kuposa golidi. Kuti mupeze kilogalamu imodzi ya chinthu choterocho muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matani 3 a petals.
Kumalo otseguka
Ngati simungakwanitse kudulira zidutswa m'magawo osiyana ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi nyumba, ndiye kuti mutha kuziika pakhomo, pamalo otchedwa "cuttings". Iyi ndi munda wotseguka, pamwamba pake pomwe pogona pake amamangidwa, kuteteza zomera ku chisanu cha chisanu.
Pakubwera kwa kasupe, malo obisalamo akutsitsidwa ndipo kukula kwa tchire kumachitika mu chilengedwe. Mizu yozika mizu imatha kuikidwa pamalo osatha a kukula kale m'dzinja.
Cuttings amaikidwa m'malo otere pang'ono, ataphimba pulasitiki kapena galasi mtsuko. Ponena za nthaka m'malo osankhidwa, ayenera kumera msanga ndi potash nitrate (20 g okwanira), peat, mchenga, superphosphate (30 g), phulusa (200 g) ndi urea (20 g).
Inoculation imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga njira yoberekera maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Pogwiritsa ntchito zigawozi zonsezi, zimatsanulizidwira m'bedi laling'ono ndipo mutatsegula mdulidwewo. Ngati simukufuna kuphimba aliyense payekha, mungagwiritse ntchito polyethylene.
Ngakhale kuti m'chaka choyamba cha moyo, zidutswazi sizingatheke ku malo atsopano, zimayenera kuonetsetsa kuti zimasamalidwa bwino, zimapereka madzi okwanira nthawi ndi kumasula. Ndi mtundu uwu wa kuswana kwa maluwa, cuttings a iwo akhoza ndipo osati kuziika ku malo ena, kusiya pansi kwa oposa oyamba autumn.
Kubzala cuttings
Ngati mukupanga zidutswa za rooting mu nthaka yotsekedwa, pakatha masabata awiri mudzatha kuona mizu yoyamba, ndipo patatha masiku 14 iwo adzalima bwino kwambiri pansi. Pambuyo pa mwezi, kuthawa kumaikidwa m'chipinda chamdima, komwe kulipo mpaka masika. Kuchokera kwa wolima amafunika kokha kutsirira ndi kumasula nthawi yake, koma njirazi sizikutanthauza tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pakubwera kasupe, nthaka ikangoyamba bwino, mizu yozulidwa mizu imabzalidwa ndi masamba osakanizidwa ndi mchenga, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kusakaniza ndi peat mu 50:50 chiwerengero, vermiculite kapena perlite (kuchuluka kwa chiŵerengero ndi 2: 1) : 2: 0.5).
Ndikofunikira! Pamwamba pa gawo lokonzekera lidzadzazidwa ndi mchenga wa masentimita atatu, zomwe sizidzalola kuti madzi asapitirire.Ndibwino kuti mutangomaliza kusakaniza ndiwothetsera potsimikizira potassium permanganate, kenaka muzipanga mabowo (ochepa kwambiri kuposa kukula kwa mizu ya kudula) ndi malo obzala mmenemo, kudzaza mizu ndi dothi pamwamba.
Pambuyo pake, perekani zitsulo (pafupifupi chidebe chimodzi pa chitsime chilichonse) ndipo patapita masiku ochepa, dulani nyemba kuzungulira mbande. M'dzinja kubzala ndi madzi okwanira amodzi okha.Zimatengera maluwa a wintering
Mitengo yabwino kwambiri yosungiramo zipatso zodulidwa m'nyengo yachisanu idzakhala m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena pansi pa malo abwino ndi mpweya wabwino wa mpweya wabwino komanso ma temperature a kutentha ... +3 ° C ndi chinyezi cha 65-70%.
Ngati m'dera lanu m'nyengo yozizira sichidziwika kuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zotheka, onetsetsani kuti palibe ming'alu pamaluwa omwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kufika pamunda.
Pofuna kuthana ndi mavuto, muyenera kumanga malo ogona bwino pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zilizonse (masamba owuma, peat ndi shavings), komanso kuti musatengeke ndi mphepo, mukhoza kuika nthambi za spruce pamwamba.
Ndipotu, malo ogona adzakhala osowa okhawo omwe ali ndi maluwa omwe amachokera kumalo otseguka amapezeka m'dzinja ndi yomwe idzakhalabe mumsewu m'nyengo yozizira.
Kawirikawiri, kudula maluwa sikovuta. Chinthu chachikulu - kusankha bwino mitundu, kutsatira zofunikira ndi chidwi tsatanetsatane.
