Nkhumba ndi zomera za gulu losakanikirana, lomwe liri m'gulu la Meatlikov. Izi zikuphatikizapo rye, oats, balere, buckwheat, etc. Cholinga chokula mbewu zotere ndi mbewu. Ichi ndicho chipangizo chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga pasitala, mkate ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Komanso, tirigu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya cha nyama ndi mbalame. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zoterezi, ndizowoneka mwangwiro kapena mawonekedwe.
Nkhumba imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga wowuma, mowa, mankhwala, ndi zina zotero. Zogulitsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zawo, chifukwa zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhusu ndi udzu monga chakudya kapena zogona kwa ziweto. M'nkhani ino tidzakudziwitsani mwatsatanetsatane za mbewu zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri, ndikupereka mndandanda wa zomera izi ndi mayina ndi zithunzi.
Tirigu
Tirigu akhoza kukhulupilira kuti ndi mbewu yofunika kwambiri komanso yofunika kwambiri. Chomera ichi ndi chimodzi mwa malo oyamba omwe amapanga zakudya. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri kuti mapuloteni ake apangidwe akhoza kukhala a gluten, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri pokonzekera zakudya zamabotolo, pasta, semolina, etc. Mkate wamtengo wapamwamba umaphika kuchokera ku ufa wa tirigu, womwe uli ndi zinthu zabwino zokoma ndipo umathandizidwa ndi thupi.
Mkate, umene unapangidwa ndi tirigu, umasiyana ndi mitundu ina ya zowonjezera ndi zochepa. Pambuyo pake amasiya udzu ndi nthendayi pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Tirigu adalimidwa kuyambira zaka khumi mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo. Koma pankhaniyi, chikhalidwe ichi chalephera kuthera pokhapokha ndipo tsopano n'zotheka kupyolera mwa khama la munthu.
Tirigu ali ndi zomera zingapo pachaka. Chiyimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri. Koma zofala kwambiri ndizovuta ndi zofewa mitundu. Zomera zimakula nthawi zambiri kumadera komwe nyengo imakhala youma. Choncho, ku Australia komanso m'mayiko a Kumadzulo kwa Ulaya amakulitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu, koma ku Argentina, USA, kumadzulo kwa Asia, komanso m'dziko lathu, mitundu yolimba imagonjetsedwa. Chikhalidwe chimenechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa chakudya. Nthanga, yomwe imachokera ku tirigu, imatumizidwa ku kupanga mkate ndi zina. Kutaya atapera ufa kumatumizidwa kudyetsa nkhuku ndi nyama. 
Phunzirani zambiri za momwe mungabzalidwe, kukolola ndi kuthira msipu wa tirigu.
Mitundu iwiri ya tirigu imakhala ndi makhalidwe ofanana, komanso amasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, Aroma ndi Agiriki akale adatha kusiyanitsa mitundu iyi ya tirigu. Mu ufa, womwe umachokera ku mitundu yofewa, mbewu za wowuma zimakhala zazikulu ndi zochepetsetsa, ndipo kusinthasintha kwake kumaoneka kuti ndi kochepa komanso kochepa. Pali mtundu wa gluteni mu ufa wotere ndipo amatha kutunga madzi pang'ono. Zimagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito yokonzekera pastry pastry, osati mkate. 
Mu ufa kuchokera ku tirigu wowonjezera wa durumu ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kusinthasintha kwa chikhalidwe chabwino, ndi kuchuluka kwa gluten kumakhala kotsika kwambiri. Ufa uwu ukhoza kuyamwa madzi ambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika mkate.
Barele
Balere amatchedwa mbewu yamakono yakale kwambiri. Pali zambiri zomwe zatha zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazo zomwe zakhazikika ku China. Ponena za Aigupto, zotsalira za mbewu izi zinapezeka m'manda a maharahara. Kuchokera pamenepo kuti chomera ichi chinagwera mu gawo la Ufumu wa Roma, komanso ku Greece wakale. Malingana ndi ubwino, mowa wopangidwa kuchokera ku barele amatchedwa choyambirira kwambiri chakumwa kwaumunthu. Mbewu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga phala ndi kuphika mkate. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga chakudya kwa ziweto zawo ndi mbalame. 
Ili ndi therere la pachaka. Kutalika kwa tsinde kungathe kufika pafupifupi masentimita 135. Balere akhoza kukula pamtunda uliwonse, chifukwa sichidziŵika bwino ndipo chimafuna kuti zinthu zikhale bwino. Pogwirizana ndi katundu wake, chomeracho chapeza kufalitsa kwake kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Pakalipano, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya barele inamangidwa, ndipo izi zinasinthidwa kuti zikhale zosiyana.
Ndibwino kuti mubzala balere kumayambiriro, nthaka ikadali ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Izi ndizo chifukwa chakuti mizu ya barele ndi yeniyeni. Chomera ndi masika ndi chisanu. Mitengo ya balere yachitsamba imatha kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi kucha. Zokhudza nyengo yozizira, ndi subspecies yomwe imapirira chilala ndi kutentha kwambiri molimbika. 
Balere amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ngale ya balere, zipatso za barele, komanso zakumwa za balere, zomwe zimakhala ngati khofi mu kukoma kwake. Komanso, chomerachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi kuyeretsa, kutonthoza ndi kulimbitsa katundu.
Mukudziwa? Barele ya ngale inachokera ku mawu akuti "ngale", kutanthauza "ngale". Kotero izo zinatchulidwa zokhudzana ndi zipangizo zamakono. Pofuna kupanga balere ku balere a barley, muyenera kuchotsa chipolopolo chakunja, ndikupukuta pachimake. Pambuyo pake, ikugulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe onse kapena osweka (ngale ya barley).
Nkhumba ya balere ndi yabwino kwa anthu omwe ali olemera kwambiri, chifukwa chotengera chotere, chodutsa m'matumbo, chimachotsa ndi kuchotsa cholesterol chowonjezera thupi ndi zinthu zovulaza. Kusuta kwa balere kungathandize kuchiza chifuwa chowuma, amathanso kuthana ndi matenda a m'mimba ndi cystitis.
Zida monga uchi, parsnip, sunberry, nkhuyu ndi kumquat zimathandizanso kuti thupi lizisamalidwa.
Oats
Chomera chokhazikika chomwe chimatchedwa oats chinakula kukula pafupifupi 2500 BC. er Masiku ano zimakhala zovuta kudziwa komwe kwenikweni magwero a kulima akuchokera, koma malingaliro a archaeologists amavomereza kuti kunali kwinakwake ku Eastern Europe.
Mpaka pano, pafupifupi oposa 95% a oats amakula ngati chakudya cha nyama, ndipo ndi otsalira 5% omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito powagwiritsa ntchito. Pali zakudya zambiri zamtundu wa oat, kotero sizothandiza kupanga mkate wamba. Koma, kumbali ina, ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa mosavuta kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakono, makamaka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophika oatmeal makeke otchuka.
Oats ndi chakudya chabwino kwambiri cha chakudya. Lili ndi mapuloteni ambiri ndi wowuma, komanso mafuta a masamba ndi phulusa. Ndikofunika kwambiri kudyetsa mahatchi ndi ana a ng'ombe. Mbewu zimapangidwa ndi mavitamini ambiri a gulu B, komanso manganese, cobalt ndi zinki.
Chomera ichi sichimafunafuna pansi. Zidzakula bwino pa dongo ndi loamy dothi, komanso pa dothi la mchenga ndi peaty. Zidzakhala zovuta kukula pokhapokha nthaka yamchere. Chikhalidwe chomera ichi ndi kudzipangitsa mungu. Nyengo yokula imatha masiku 95 mpaka 120. 
Chikhalidwe ichi chimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku Ukraine pa ziwembu zapamwamba mungathe kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 65-80 makilogalamu a tirigu pa hekitala. Chofunika kwambiri ndi njere, yomwe imakhala yoyera. Mbewu yakuda, imvi ndi yofiira imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Maiko akuluakulu omwe amapanga oats panopa ndi Germany, Ukraine, Poland, Russia, Northern Kazakhstan, ndi United States.
Rye
Rye ndi mbewu ya pulasitiki yambiri m'madera omwe akugawidwa. Zimatha kusintha moyenera ku madera a nyengo yovuta. Chomera ichi chokha ndichokhazikika ku kutentha kwa -23 ° C. Ubwino wa rye ungathenso kuwonedwa kuti umatsutsa acidic dothi. Lili ndi mizu yotchuka kwambiri, yomwe imagwira madzi bwino, komanso zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya m'nthaka zakuya. Kukanika kwake kupsinjika kumathandizira kupanga zokolola ndi zokolola, ngakhale m'zaka zimenezo pamene nyengo zimakhala zosaoneka bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Pakalipano, Poland ndi dziko lalikulu kwambiri lopangira rye.
Udzu umenewu uli ndi mizu yolimba kwambiri komanso yolimba kwambiri yomwe imatsikira pansi mpaka mamita awiri. Pafupipafupi, tsinde la rye limakula mpaka masentimita 80-100 m'litali, zimadalira mitundu yonse ya zomera ndi zomwe zimakula. Nthawi zina rye akhoza kukula mpaka mamita awiri m'litali. Phesi palokha ili pafupi, koma pansi pa khutu muli ndi tsitsi lochepa. Masamba a chomerachi ndi otsetsereka, pafupifupi masentimita 2.5 m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Pamwamba pa masamba nthawi zambiri amasindikizidwa, omwe amasonyeza kukula kwa chilala cha mbewu. 
Njere za Rye zimabwera mosiyanasiyana, mitundu ndi mawonekedwe. Iwo akhoza kukhala oval kapena osokonezeka pang'ono. Kutalika kwa njere imodzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 5 ndi 10 mm. Zosankha zamtundu zingakhale zachikasu, zoyera, zofiirira, zakuda kapena zobiriwira.
Nthanga izi zimatuluka mofulumira, kenako zimayamba kukula kwambiri. Zowonjezera ndi zamphamvu zimayambira kale kwa masiku 18-20 pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa rye, ndipo kale kwa masiku 45-50 zomera zimayamba kuzungulira. Mtengo kuchokera ku chikhalidwe mosavuta umanyamulidwa ndi mphepo. Kukula msinkhu kwa chomera kumapezeka pafupifupi miyezi iwiri itatha.
Rye - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mbewu zothandiza kwambiri. Ndi zakudya zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mchere wambiri ndi mavitamini, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu. Apa pali mavitamini a magulu B ndi A, folic acid, potassium, sodium, phosphorous, magnesium, lysine ndi zinthu zina zothandiza.
Zakudya zamakina, zokonzekera ndi zosamalidwa zimathandiza polimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Izi zimaphatikizapo khansara, nyamakazi ndi arthrosis, matenda a mtima, chiwindi, impso ndi kukodzola, dongosolo la kupweteka, mphumu, shuga.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi ufa, wotchedwa wallpaper. Sichidziwika ndipo chimakhala ndi zipolopolo za tirigu. Chifukwa cha kusungunula koteroko, mankhwalawa amateteza mbewu zambiri zabwino. Ufa wa Rye umagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zakudya zophika, zokolola zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mbewu. 
Udzu ukhoza kudyetsedwa ku ziweto kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga zogona kwa nyama zomwezo. Komanso udzu womwewo umakhala wabwino kwambiri kwa mulching strawberries.
Ndikofunikira! Rye imathandiza kwambiri panthaka imene ikukula. Amamasula nthaka ya loamy, yopangitsa kuti ikhale yowala komanso yowonjezereka. Other rye akhoza pang'ono displace tizirombo.
Millet
Kulima mapira kumachitika ku America, Africa, Asia ndi, ku Ulaya. Dziko lawo lachikhalidwe silidziwika bwino, koma kafukufuku ambiri amasonyeza kuti poyamba anayamba kukula ku China. Mankhusu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kudyetsa ziweto ndi nkhuku.
Ubwino wa mapira ndikumana ndi chilala. Mbali iyi imakupatsani inu kubzala mbewu zotere kumadera kumene mbewu zina sizidzakula. Kuonjezera apo, chomera chotero chimalolera bwino kutentha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kudzatheka kotuta zokolola zabwino ngakhale pa kutentha. 
Millet ndi othandiza kwambiri. Muzolembedwazo muli kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti pali mapuloteni ambiri mmenemo kuposa momwe amachitira mpunga. Millet imakhalanso ndi mavitamini ndi minerals. Ili ndi mitsempha yambiri, yomwe imagwira ntchito mu thupi la munthu molingana ndi mfundo ya "brush", yomwe imatulutsa matumbo kuchokera ku zinthu zowonongeka ndi poizoni.
Ndikofunikira!Kawirikawiri, madokotala amalimbikitsa kudya zakudya zamatenda pambuyo pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa zimathandiza kuti chiwerengero cha microflora chikhale bwino, komanso kuyeretsa thupi.
Chikhalidwe ichi chingalimbikitse chitetezo cha mthupi, kuti thupi likhale losagonjetsedwa ndi zotsatira za matenda osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mapira kudzathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol, komanso kupititsa patsogolo njira yowonjezera mafupa omwe awonongeke. Kupititsa patsogolo maonekedwe a magazi kumathandiza chitsulo, chomwe chili pamapiri ambiri. Ponena za caloric, tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali 298 kcal pa 100 g zamtengo wapatali, koma chiwerengerochi chimagwa kwambiri pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha. Palibenso gluten mu mapira, kotero kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mapuloteni angathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mosavuta. Millet imakhala ndi folic acid, yomwe imawongolera dongosolo la mantha.
Komanso, ntchito ya dongosolo la manjenje imakhazikika ndi zomera monga: nyemba zobiriwira, dogwood, stonecrop yooneka, masamba a beet, oregano ndi madzi.
Mbewu
Mbewu mwina ndi imodzi mwa mbewu zakale kwambiri zomwe zimatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi. Malinga ndi ochita kafukufuku, anabweretsa zaka 8,700 ku Mexico. Akatswiri a mbiriyakale amakhulupirira kuti chimanga n'chofunikira pakukula kwa miyambo yosiyanasiyana ya ku America. Amalongosola malingaliro awo chifukwa chakuti anali chimanga chomwe chinayambitsa maziko a ulimi wokolola wa nthawi imeneyo. Columbus atatha kupeza dziko la America, chikhalidwe ichi chinafalikira ku Ulaya konse. Ichi ndicho chomera chakale kwambiri chaka chilichonse chomwe chingathe kufika mamita 3 (nthawi zochepa kwambiri - 6 mamita ndi pamwamba). Ili ndi mizu yabwino kwambiri, komanso kuthandizira mizu ya mpweya ingapangidwe pansi pa tsinde. Nthanga ya chimanga ndi yolunjika, pafupifupi masentimita 7 m'mimba mwake, palibe mkati mkati (yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi mbewu zina zambiri).
Pamene mukukula chimanga, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa monga: "Callisto", "Gezagard", "Dialen Super", "Prima" ndi "Titus".
Maonekedwe a mbewu ndi okondweretsa kwambiri komanso amodzimodzi, amamangidwa ndipo amatsindikizana kwambiri. Nkhumba nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachikasu, koma zimakhalanso zofiira, buluu, zofiirira komanso zakuda.
Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya m'minda ya chimanga imabereka tirigu, zina zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zimakhala zochepa. Komanso mbewu zazing'ono zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati msipu wa ziweto. Nkhumba zimakhala ngati chakudya cha nkhuku ndi nkhumba. Ikhoza kudyetsedwa mu mawonekedwe onse, ndipo imatha kukhala ufa. Komanso chimanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya. Mbewu, zonse zatsopano ndi zam'chitini, ndi zakudya zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu ambiri m'mayiko ambiri. Njere zowuma zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito, mwachitsanzo, popanga ziphuphu, phala, homic. Zikondamoyo, zotupa ndi zina zimaphika kuchokera ku ufa wa chimanga. 
Mukudziwa? Zatsimikiziridwa kuti pakudya chimanga n'zotheka kuchepetsa ukalamba m'thupi. Akazi okongola kwambiri omwe akufuna kusunga achinyamata awo amalimbikitsidwa kuti azikhala ndi zakudya zoterezi. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa za kalori wokhutira kwambiri. Pa 100 g ya mankhwala apo pali 365 kcal.
Kutchulidwa
Kutchulidwa wotchedwa "caviar wakuda wa tirigu." Amadziwika kuti ndi kholo lina la tirigu wamakono. Momwemo amatchedwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwapadera ndi katundu wathanzi zomwe zinabweretsa mbiri yake padziko lonse.
Mawu omasuliridwawo sanagwedezeke mwangwiro, koma ndi mamba a spikelets ndi maluwa. Choncho kupukuta mu ufa ndi kovuta kwambiri. Izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tirigu yomwe imatha kumera pa nthaka iliyonse, imakonda kuwala ndi kulekerera chilala bwino. 
Pakalipano, chidwi chokhala pamatchulidwechi chakhala chokondweretsa chifukwa cha zolinga za anthu kuti azidya zakudya zabwino. Pali malo odyera omwe amapereka mbale zenizeni zoyambirira zomwe zimakonzedweratu kuchokera pamasulidwe: soups, tirigu, sauces, etc. Mu Italy, malembo a risottos adatchuka, ndipo ku India amakonza mbale zophika zokoma za nsomba ndi nkhuku.
Malemba a spelled ali olemera mu mapuloteni. Limakhalanso ndi magnesiamu, chitsulo ndi mavitamini. Panopa gluten, sikokwanira mu mbewuyi, choncho ndibwino kuti tigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la gluten. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti spelled ili ndi zinthu zonse zofunika kuti thupi la munthu lizikhala bwino. 
Buckwheat
Buckwheat - Ichi ndi chikhalidwe chamtengo wapatali cha dera la chakudya. Zomera za mbeu iyi (tsamba) zimapangidwa kukhala ufa ndi kudya. Katunduyu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi zakudya zonse komanso zakudya zamtundu uliwonse. Puloteni wa mbewu zoterezo ndizokwanira kwambiri kuposa mapuloteni a zomera zambewu. Ndalama zosungira zitsamba zimatumizidwa kudyetsedwa ku ziweto. 
Kulima kumachitika ku Ukraine, Belarus ndi Russia, ndipo imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mayiko ena. Chomeracho chiri ndi tsinde la mtundu wofiira, maluwa ake amasonkhanitsidwa mumphuno ndipo amakhala ndi mthunzi wa pinki. Zomwe zimapanga buckwheat zili ndi zizindikiro zambiri ndi mavitamini a gulu B. Palinso mapuloteni ambiri ndi amino acid. 
Kuchokera buckwheat kukonzekera mbale zambiri. Это не только каши, но и разнообразные запеканки, котлеты, супы, фрикадельки и даже десертные блюда. Мало того, из цветков растения готовят настои и чаи.
Ndikofunikira! Употребление гречки входит в перечень рекомендаций многих диет. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mchere wambiri ndi mavitamini mu buckwheat ndi 2-3 kuposa kuposa mbewu zina zonse. Zimathandizira kuthamanga kwa metabolism, komanso kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwala oterewa sangathe kusakanikirana ndi shuga. Wotsirizira amatha kusokoneza zinthu zambiri zothandiza za buckwheat.
Quinoa
Quinoa ndi chomera cha pachaka ndipo chiphatikizidwa m'banja la Marevyh. Imeneyi ndi mbeu yomwe imakula m'mapiri. Ndilofala kwambiri pamtunda wa mamita 3000 ndi pamwamba pamwamba pa nyanja. South America imaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira a chomera ichi. Kulongosola koyamba kwa izo mu mawonekedwe osindikizidwa kunawonedwa mu 1553. Mmerawo ukhoza kukula mpaka mamita 1.8 mu msinkhu. Nthanga ya quinoa ndi yobiriwira, masamba ndi zipatso zimakhala zozungulira ndipo zimakhala zozungulira zazikulu. Maonekedwe a tirigu ali ofanana ndi buckwheat, koma ali ndi mtundu wosiyana. Zakudya zimapezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zitha kukhala zofiira, beige kapena zakuda, malinga ndi zosiyanasiyana. 
Mpaka pano, quinoa imakonda kwambiri zomera. Croup yophika ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale. Nthawi zambiri yonjezerani msuzi. Kuti adye, amangofanana ndi mpunga. Komanso, nyemba zimapangidwira ufa ndipo mkate umaphika. Zakudya zodyetsedwa pasta.
Mukudziwa? Monga gawo la quinoa muli mavitamini ambiri m'magulu A ndi B, palinso acid, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, ndi zina zotero. Zamchere zokwanira 100 g za mankhwalawa ndi 368 kcal. Opeza zakudya amakonda kwambiri quinoa ndipo amakhulupirira kuti palibe wofanana pakati pa mbewu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zamtengo wapatali. Kawirikawiri amayerekezera mankhwala amenewa ndi mkaka wa amayi, powona kuti pafupifupi thupi lonse limaphatikizapo.
Kuphatikizira, ndibwino kuti tigogomeze za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu, zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi anthu kwa zaka zoposa 1,000. Mbewu iliyonse ili ndi zakudya zambiri ndi mavitamini. Zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana ndi pafupifupi zopanda madzi. Nkhoma zimaphikidwa ndi mbale zambiri, komanso zimaphatikizapo kudya zakudya. 
