Kudyetsa chakudya ndi zikhalidwe za kusunga ng'ombe

Wogwiritsira ntchito ng'ombe ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha zinyama.

Ng'ombe yathanzi imathandiza kuti zokolola za ng'ombe ndi mkaka zikhale zokolola.

Zamkatimu:

• Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
• Kuyenda
• Kukonzekera malo a ng'ombe
• Zomwe amangidwa
• Kusamalira ng'ombe
• Kuyeretsa kawirikawiri pazitsulo ndi kusungira
• Mbali za kudyetsa abambo a ng'ombe: zakudya, zikhalidwe, zowonjezera
• Mu nthawi yosasintha
• Panthawiyi
• Ndili ndi katundu wolemera (1 ndalama pamlungu)
• Ndi katundu wambiri (madandaulo 2-3 pa sabata)
• Kupanga mating
• Kukwera kwachibadwa
• Kuthamanga
• Machine
• Insemination yobongoletsera

Malamulo oyambirira a osankha ng'ombe

Kusankhidwa kwa gobies kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: yoyamba ndi mzere, wachiwiri ndi banja. Chofunika cha madera awa ndi awa:

1. Mipata. Ng'ombe zabwino zokhazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimatchedwa opanga.
2. Mabanja. Chiberekero chomwe chili ndi mitengo yapamwamba imasankhidwa ndipo mabanja amapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe yaikulu kwambiri ndi chianine kapena ng'ombe yamphongo. Akuluakulu amakula mpaka 1 mamita 80 cm pamene amafota ndi matani oposa tani.

Njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mizere, kusankha ng'ombe zabwino kwambiri.

Kusankha kwakukulu kwa mizere ndi:

• makhalidwe amtundu wa "abambo" ndi "amayi". Mwachitsanzo, "mayi" ali pafupi ndi mibadwo inayi, atakhala ndi zokolola zosachepera 150 peresenti ya zizindikiro za mtundu wake ndi mafuta oposa 0.2% a chikhalidwe. Ndipo wopanga ng'ombe kuchokera kwa "abambo" omwe ali ndi ana apamwamba kwambiri, omwe "ana aakazi" awo, malinga ndi zokolola za mkaka, ali ndi gawo la A1 ndipo, malinga ndi mkaka wa mkaka, ndi gulu la kuswana. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe apadera ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo zosachepera 27;
• kufotokoza ndikudziwika kwa chitukuko. Zizindikiro izi zimayang'aniridwa ndi kulemera pamene iwo abwera kudziko, pamene amasamutsira ku nyumba ya ng'ombe, ndiyeno mwezi uliwonse. Ngati ali ndi chaka chimodzi - amapanga ziyeneretso, zomwe zimaperekedwa kwapadera ku mawonekedwe ndi kumanga ng'ombe - ziyenera kukhala ndi malamulo amphamvu ndi zomangamanga;
• Mtundu wa umuna. Zimalingalira pamene ng'ombe ikutha miyezi 12-14. Zina zofunika zimaperekedwa pa mbewu, zomwe ziyenera kukumana:

• khalidwe la ana. Amayambanso kufufuza ngati nyama ili ndi chaka chimodzi. Ng'ombe ya ejaculate imera ng'ombe ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ngati zoposa theka la ng'ombe zimakhala ndi umuna, ng'ombeyo imasankhidwa. Cash ana a ng'ombe amayesedwa kuti ali ndi khalidwe ngati ali ndi zaka chimodzi ndi theka. Mtengo wamtundu wa wolima umatsimikiziridwa ndi kusiyana kwa zokolola zokolola za "aakazi" ake (zokolola za mkaka ziyenera kupitirira chikhalidwe ndi 180%) ndi akazi ena a msinkhu womwewo.

Pezani chomwe chiyenera kukhala chakudya cha wopanga ng'ombe.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Zomwe zimachitika kundende komanso kusamalidwa bwino zidzakuthandizira kwambiri kubereka kwa ng'ombe, kupititsa patsogolo thanzi lake, ndi kukulitsa mphamvu zake zowonjezera. Pofuna kusamalira bwino ng'ombe, zimalimbikitsanso kutsatira ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

Kuyenda

Kuyenda tsiku ndi tsiku ndi njira imodzi yofunikira kwambiri yosamalira nyama yoswana. Zochita za thupi zimathandizira zamoyo za wopanga, zimalimbitsa thanzi lake ndi chitetezo chake ku matenda opatsirana, zimaletsa kuchitika kwa kulemera kwakukulu.

Komanso, kuyenda kumathandiza kulimbitsa minofu ndi mafupa.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya ng'ombe zamphongo za mtundu wa fattening, komanso fufuzani zomwe nyanga zimagwiritsidwira ntchito ndikukula kuchokera ku ng'ombe.

Kuyenda kwa ng'ombe yopanga mankhwala kumafunika maola atatu, ndipo phala kuti ayende ayenera kukhala ndi maekala khumi ndi okhazikika. Kuyenda kumafunika kukhala ndi denga kuchokera ku dzuwa ndi mvula, komanso madzi akumwa. Kuti mukhale ndi mwayi woyenda chinyama, mphete yamphamvu imayikidwa mu mphuno zake, zomwe ng'ombe imayimilira panthawi yoyenda.

Ndikofunikira! Sitiyeneranso kuyendayenda kwazilombo ndi ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe.

Kukonzekera malo a ng'ombe

Malo omwe ali ndi malo ozungulira omwe ali ndi mamitala 32-3.3 lalikulu, mamita a hafu ndi theka ndi kuya kwa 2.0-2.2 mamita ndi magawo awiri a atatu a kutalika ayenera kukhala okonzeka kwa nyama.

Paulo Chophimba choyamba - asphalt ndi konkire yomwe ili ndi malo otsetsereka ku tray pa 3-5 °, yachiwiri yopaka - mapepala amatabwa 1,5x2,5 ali ndi chigawo cha ming'alu pakati pa gulu lachitatu; Zowonongeka ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi mapangidwe.

Ngati njira yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwachisawawa imagwiritsidwa ntchito, khola lotsekedwa pamapeto awiri lamtundu ndi khola lakuda lamba likugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutalika kwa leash kumasankhidwa kuwerengera kuti ng'ombe ikhoze kugona pansi.

Zomwe amangidwa

Zomwe zimaphatikizapo ziweto zimadalira maonekedwe awo ndi khalidwe lawo, mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe zamwano sizingatheke, koma m'nkhani yathu tidzakambirana za malamulo oyambirira ndi zofunikira kuti zikhale zofunikira kuti asunge oweta ng'ombe. Malo osunga nyama ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

1. Kuwala - mdima mchipindamo ukhoza kuwonetsa kuwononga kwa ziwalo za kugonana. Kuunikira kwachilengedwe: (chiŵerengero cha dera la pansi kufika pansi) 1: 10-1: 15; Kuunikira kwapangidwe (pa mlingo wa feeders) - 55-80 Lux.
2. Kutentha kwa mpweya - 10 ° С.
3. Mvula yokhudzana: max - 75%, min - 40%.
4. Kuthamanga kwa mphepo: nyengo yozizira ndi nyengo yochepa - 0.3m / s, nthawi yotentha - 0,5 m / s.
5. Mpweya wochuluka wololedwa wa mpweya woipa: carbon dioxide - 0.25%, hydrogen nitride - 20 mg / cubic mita, dihydrosulfide - njira.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombeyo ndi yopanda khungu ndipo silingathe kusiyanitsa mitundu. Pa ng'ombe yamphongo, si mtundu wa chiguduli chimene chimamukondweretsa, koma nthawi zonse imawombera patsogolo pake.

Kusamalira ng'ombe

Chisamaliro choyenera, komanso ndondomeko yachizolowezi yotsekeredwa, ayenera kuperekedwa kwa nyama kuyambira ali wamng'ono.

Ntchito zazikulu zothandizira azimangawa ndi awa:

1. Kusamba ndi kuyeretsa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi brush ndi udzu wa udzu. Mutu umafuna chidwi chapadera (dera la occipital, mphumi ndi malo pakati pa nyanga). Izi zidzateteza khungu kukhala ndi ng'ombe. Zinyama zambiri zimatsuka ndi madzi otentha ndikupukuta zouma. Ndi kutentha kwa kunja kwa +20 ° C ndi zina zambiri, ng'ombe zimatsuka m'madziwe kapena zimatsukidwa ndi madzi kuchokera ku phula.
2. Kusamalira mwamphamvu makoswe. Pamene zikukula, nthawi zonse zimakonzedwa ndi kutsukidwa ku dothi. Izi zimachitika kawiri kapena katatu patsiku popewera kuvulaza nyama.
3. Kusamba kwanthawi zonse kwa khungu ndi chikopa cha ng'ombeyo ndi madzi otentha kenako kumapukuta ndi choyera. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda oopsa a ejaculate ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kamodzi pa masiku khumi, chitsimikizo chimatsirizidwa ndi mankhwala atatu a hydrogen peroxide kapena 0.02% ya nitrofural. Njirayi imakhala ndi chiyero ndi thanzi la ziwalo zoberekera za wopanga, zomwe zidzakhale ndi phindu panthawi yopikisana.

Kuyeretsa kawirikawiri pazitsulo ndi kusungira

Kuonetsetsa thanzi la wopanga m'matumba, m'pofunika kusunga ukhondo ndi kusakaniza bwinobwino. Sakanizani ndi 2% mankhwala a soda kapena hydrated laimu. Panthawiyi, nyamayo imachotsedwa m'chipinda.

Mukudziwa? Ku Western Sumatra, mafuko a ng'ombe amapezeka nthawi zonse.

Zimapewanso kusungira katundu, zinthu zothandizira ng'ombe, ma phukusi ndi zipangizo.

Malondawa ayenera kusinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo ngati phulusa lopanda mafuta, kangapo patsiku.

Mbali za kudyetsa abambo a ng'ombe: zakudya, zikhalidwe, zowonjezera

Kudyetsa kwathunthu ndi chitsimikizo cha mapangidwe apamwamba a dongosolo la kubereka kwa ng'ombe ndi kusasitsa ma gametes. Kusokonezeka pakudyetsa, kuwonjezera zakudya zopanda mphamvu komanso zopatsa thanzi zakudya zopanga zakudya zamagetsi.

Chakudya cha nyama chiyenera kukhala ndi zakudya zamapuloteni.

Chosowa cha wolima tsiku ndi tsiku kuti adye chakudya sichimodzimodzi, chimasintha malinga ndi katundu pa ng'ombe.

Mosiyana, ziyenera kunenedwa za zowonjezera kudyetsa zinyama. Amayambitsidwira zakudya m'nthawi ya kusowa kwa chakudya chokwanira chomera komanso kukula kwa kugonana. M'nyengo yozizira, zotsatira zabwino pa umoyo wa ejaculate malingaliro mu zakudya za nyama, mavitamini ndi mchere. Zakudya zofunika kwambiri monga mwazi, nsomba, nyama ndi nyama ya fupa, mkaka wosakanizika (50-400 g pa tsiku), mkaka wochuluka (2-3 l), nkhuku mazira (3 mpaka 5 ma PC).

Mchere wamchere, kuphatikizapo. mchere wamchere, phosphorous-supplement, ma salt of microelements amaperekedwa malinga ndi zikhalidwe.

Mukudziwa? Nkhungu yamphongo kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi ng'ombe yamphongo. Nthaŵi ya nyanga zake ndi 1.5 mpaka 2.4 mamita.

Kuti cholinga cha vitamini kusinthanitsa magawo osiyanasiyana, zotsatirazi zikuwonjezeredwa:

1. Msowa wothira mafuta.
2. Wheatgrass.
3. Anamera chimanga ndi balere.
4. Grass kudula.
5. Mbewu ya ufa.
6. Granules.
7. Vitamini kukonzekera magulu A, D, E.

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kowonjezeka kwa vitamini A (mu 1g 500,000 IU), kuyang'ana mavitamini D2, kukonzekera mavitamini D3 kumalimbikitsidwanso.

Mu nthawi yosasintha

Mu nthawi yosakhala mwachisawawa, ng'ombe yamphongo imafuna 0.8-1.2 magulu odyetsa zachuma pa centner. Mitengo yodyetsa zinyama nthawiyi ndi izi:

Panthawiyi

Kudyetsa nthawi imeneyi kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi katundu pa thumba la ng'ombe. Izi zidzanenedwa pang'ono. Komabe, lamuloli ndilo kudyetsa nyama itatha kuswana.

Ndili ndi katundu wolemera (1 ndalama pamlungu)

Chinsinsi cha chakudya chophatikizidwa chopanga kupanga makilogalamu 1000 ndi mtengo wambiri

Ndi katundu wambiri (madandaulo 2-3 pa sabata)

Panthawi imeneyi, wopanga wolemera makilogalamu oposa 1000 amafunikira mpaka 15-18 ma unit unit. M'munsimu pali zakudya zoyenera kudya nyama imodzi patsiku ndi katundu wambiri.

Ndikofunikira! Zakudya zopatsa mphamvu komanso zamagazi zimadyetsa mbewu zopweteka kwambiri ndipo zimabweretsa mafuta a ng'ombe.

Zakudya zoyenera pa ng'ombe pa tsiku.

Kupanga mating

Pali njira zitatu zopangira kukwatira. Zimasiyana malinga ndi zokolola komanso zowonongeka. Taganizirani njira izi.

Kukwera kwachibadwa

Chofunika cha njirayi ndi chakuti wokonza amakhala ndi ng'ombe nthawi zonse.

Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito masewera olimbitsa thupi pofuna kupewa matenda, pamafunika kuyang'anitsitsa zochitika zanyama.

Kuthamanga

Mwa njira iyi, mwamuna amakhala momasuka ndi akazi kumalo odyetserako ziweto ndipo amawasokoneza panthawi yomwe amayamba kugonana kwambiri. Panthawi ino mkaziyo amavomereza mwamuna.

Njirayi siifalikira chifukwa cha zolakwa zazikulu:

1. Wofalitsa nthawi zambiri amaphimba ng'ombe imodzi, ndipo zina zonse zimakhalabe popanda umuna.
2. Chifukwa chakuti mwamuna amatha kuphimba ng'ombe 4-5 pa tsiku, iye ndi mkazi akutha mwamsanga.
3. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwasayansi, n'zovuta kudziwa chiyambi cha ng'ombe.

Machine

Ndi njira iyi, ng'ombe imaloledwa ku khola nthawi yomwe imagonana kwambiri. Njirayi ndi yabwino chifukwa mungathe kulamulira pawiri. Ndi njira iyi, njuchi ikhoza kuphimba ng'ombe 200 pachaka.

Koma pali chikhalidwe: wamkulu yemwe ali wofalitsa, mochepa ayenera kukhala ndi akazi. Pofuna kupewa kuvulaza ng'ombeyo, sayenera kukhala ndi nyama zopitirira awiri pa tsiku, ndiye tsiku lopumula.

Madzulo amatha kusinthana (mkati mwa maola angapo), mkazi amadyetsedwa, ziwalo zake zimatsukidwa ndipo pokhapokha ng'ombeyo imabweretsedwa. Amuna amapatsidwa mpume kuti awonjezere kudzuka ndi kusintha ubwino wa ejaculate, ndiyeno kuwirirana kumachitika motsogoleredwa ndi katswiri.

Mlanduwu wapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera. Ng'ombeyo imakhala pa iyo ndi miyendo yake yakutsogolo, kotero kulemera kwake kumagwera pa makina, osati pa chikazi. M'kati mwa nthawi ino mumayatsa magetsi ndikukhala chete. Kuti zitheke pambuyo pa theka la tsiku ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa.

Ndikofunikira! Chochitikachi chiyenera kuchitika patsiku. Usiku, banja lichotsedzana.

Insemination yobongoletsera

Njira yofala kwambiri. Ubwino wa njira imeneyi ndi wakuti umalola:

1. Chifukwa cha chisankho chotsogolera choonjezera chiweto.
2. Pezani katundu wolemera pa opanga.
3. Zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe zamphongo.
4. Mwachidziwitso kuchepetsa mtengo wa umuna.
5. Kuchepetsa kudalira pa chikhalidwe cha winawake wopanga: pa matenda a ng'ombe, palibe chifukwa chosinthira nyama, koma mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ogulidwa.

Phunzirani zambiri za njira zowonongetsera ng'ombe pakhomo.

Insemination yopanga machitidwe imapangidwa ndi njira zitatu:

1. Visocervical.
2. Mankhwala a mano.
3. Rectocervical.

Tiyeni tiyankhule za njira izi.

Njira ya Visocervical. Njira yakale kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito syringe, vaginal speculum ndi gwero lowala. Kuopsa kwa njirayi - galasilo ikhoza kukhala gwero la kupuma.

Njira ya mano. Nkhumba, pogwiritsa ntchito polymeric ampoule, yogwirizana ndi catheter yotchedwa shomtenated catheter, imayikidwa mkati mwa chiberekero ndi dzanja lopanda phula la polyethylene.

Ndikofunikira! Insemination yamakono imachitika pokhapokha panthawi ya kugonana kwa ng'ombe.

Njira yobwereza. Chofunika kwambiri pa njirayi: katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito (inseminator) amachita chiwembu ndi dzanja lomwe amalowetsa mukazi (mu galasi ya pulasitiki) ndi pipette, pofufuta ejaculate. Kusamalidwa bwino ndi zikhalidwe zomveka bwino zothandizira ng'ombe ndizo chitsimikiziro cha zotsatira zabwino pakuwonjezeretsa ng'ombe, kupulumutsa ndi kukonzanso mtundu.