Nkhumba yovulaza yoipa Sakhazikika m'nyumba kapena nyumba zapanyumba, zimapweteka mbewu m'minda ndi nkhokwe, zomwe zimatha kusungidwa. Kukula tirigu, n'zotheka kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro za tirigu zasintha. Zochitika zosiyanasiyana zingasokoneze chikhalidwe, koma ndi matenda ena omwe angathe kuwononga kwambiri, zomwe zidzakambidwe pambuyo pake.
Mphungu ya mtundu wa nkhuku
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiziromboti ingakhale yosiyana kwambiri ndi anthu ena a parasitic. Tizilombo timene timakhala ndi thupi lomwe limafanana ndi momwe zimakhalira. Tizilombo tina tili ndi thupi lopanda pake, lomwe limakhala lozungulira pambuyo pa kachilomboka kadzaza ndi magazi.
Anthu ochokera ku banja la padziko lapansi amatetezeka ndi ziphuphu za m'chipululu ali ndi thupi lozungulira. Mitundu yambiri imakhalanso ndi ndodo. Pali ziphuphu, zomwe zimawonekera mofanana kwambiri ndi nkhuku zazing'ono, zimatchedwa - nkhumba zoipa. 
Ziwombankhanga ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimatchulidwa dzinali chifukwa cha mapangidwe a mapiko oyambirira. Mitundu yonse ya nkhanza imakhala ndi miyendo itatu yomwe imawathandiza kusuntha, kugwira chiweto ndi kusambira m'madzi. Miyendo iwiri iliyonse inayamba mosiyanasiyana.
Kutalika kwa kachilomboka kameneka kangakhale 10 mpaka 13 mm, m'lifupi mwake ndilofanana ndi 6.8-8.8 mm. Thupi la tizilombo timene timatulutsa timadzi timene timakhala timene timatetezera. Mtundu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi beige wakuda kapena mchenga.
Mukudziwa? M'chichewa cha Czech, zomwe zinali zofanana mu 1268, ndipo sizigwiritsidwanso ntchito, tirigu anali chiyero cha kutalika.
Zochitika pa moyo
Nkhumba ndi tizilombo touluka. Pamene kasupe imakhala kutenthetsa, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya kumakwera pamwamba pa 14-16 ° C, tizirombo timadzuka titatha nyengo yozizira. Zima zimadikira m'minda ndi minda yamaluwa, pansi pa masamba omwe agwa. 
Ndizodabwitsa kuti akhoza kukhala m'nyengo yozizira pamalo omwe ali pamtunda wa 180-195 km kuchokera kuminda kumene amadyetsa m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Njira yoyendetsa tizilombo timadalira makamaka mphepo.
Zokolola zokolola zamtunduwu ndi wireworms, zida zowonongeka, zofiira, zowononga, kachilomboka.Gawo la kuika mazira ku nkhumba, nkhumba zimachitika pafupifupi masabata ndi theka atathawira kumunda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayika pa mbande zazing'ono za mbewu, zouma, ndi namsongole. Panthawi imodzi, mkazi wachikulire akhoza kupanga mazira 15 pa mazira 14.
Nsikidzi zimakula pafupifupi masiku 35, ndipo zimakhala miyezi 10-11. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti chakudya n'chofanana kwa akulu ndi achinyamata. Choncho tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timatha kuwononga madera akuluakulu.
Zizindikiro ndi zovulaza
Pofuna kudziwa kuti pali ngongole za tirigu kapena mbewu zina zimakhala pazifukwa zingapo:
- Nthawi zina mabuluti sanafalikire kumunda, wina amatha kuona mphukira zambiri za chikhalidwe m'dera limodzi.
- Spikes zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo zili ndi zosiyana. Iwo ali opunduka ndipo amapeza chimbudzi choyera.
- Nkhumba imatha kusintha mtundu. Komanso, ngati mutayang'ana mwatcheru, padzakhala zizindikiro zooneka pambuyo poziluma ndi tizilombo zofooka.
Tizilombo timatha kusankha mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya zabwino. Chotero zomera mwamsanga kukula, komanso muli zambiri zowonjezera madzi awo phesi.Ndikofunikira! Chibwibwichi n'chopanda vuto kwa anthu. Pambuyo pake, kulumpha pang'ono kumabwera, koma izi ndizopitirira. Choncho ngati tizilombo tawoneka mu nyumba kapena malo ena okhala, simuyenera kutenga njira zina zowononga kachilomboko, kungozitulutsa pawindo.Pambuyo pake kachilomboka kakadzaza ndi madzi a mbewu, mbewuzo sizidzakhala zosafunikira kwenikweni kuti zitheke. Izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti m'matumbo a kachilomboka kamene kamakhala ndi mankhwala oopsa omwe amakhudza mankhwala omwe amapangidwa.
Ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa ufa womwe umakhudzidwa ndi utsi wouma kwambiri, chifukwa mavitamini omwe ali panthaka youma amatha kutaya khalidwe lawo. Koma ufa ukangoyamba kuphimba mtanda, chinthu chomwe chimakhala m'malo otentha chidzayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasintha maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa mankhwalawo. 
Mavuto azachuma a ziphuphu za m'nyengo yozizira zomwe zimadutsa:
- pa malo okula - 1-2 anthu pa 1 sq. m. m;;
- pa nthawi ya kukwera ndi maluwa - 5-10 mphutsi pa 1 lalikulu. m;;
- gawo la mkaka wakucha - tizilombo 5-6 pa 1 lalikulu. m
Chigawocho chimasiyana malinga ndi mtengo wa mankhwala a tirigu. Nsomba zovulaza zingakhudze osati tirigu okha, komanso oat, balere komanso chimanga. Nyengo yokula ikufika kumapeto, tizilombo timapita kumalo kumene njere zimasungidwa, mwachitsanzo, mu nkhokwe. Mbali ya nkhuku imatumizidwa ku nyengo yozizira, ikugwera pansi, kuyembekezera kutentha kwa kasupe.
Pangani nyongolotsi, chimbalangondo, makoswe, dzombe, voles, hares, moths, tsikadki, mbewa, shrews, moles, Colorado nyamakazi zimavulaza kwambiri.
Kudula tizilombo
Kuti mudziwe zomwe mungachite kuti mugwiritse ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingagwiritse ntchito ndi zofunika kwambiri komanso zofunika:
- N'zotheka kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya cha tizilombo ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo kuteteza mtundu wa tirigu wapamwamba panthawi yokolola njere, kupunthira mwamsanga, ndi kulumikizana molunjika.
- Udzu wamsongole ndi kumenyana kungathandizenso.
- Sitiyenera kuiwala za mbeu za feteleza, ndizofunikira kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito phosphorus ndi potaziyamu.
- Pakalipano pali kukonzekera kwapadera - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe angapangidwe minda. Izi zikuphatikizapo: Decis, Fastak, Mavrik, Arrivo, Fury, Fosbecid, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti musakonzekere njira zina zothandizira kuteteza nkhuku za matendawa kuti mupewe kusintha kwa kachirombo kakang'ono ndi mphutsi kwa poizoni.
Kuteteza malamulo
Pofuna kusunga mbewu ndikupewa kuwonjezeka kwa tizilombo panthawi yotsatira, kulimbana ndi kachilomboko kudzayamba ndi njira zothandizira. Pakuti izi ndi zoyenera:
- Pangani mchere wamchere wothira nthaka yomwe ili ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.
- Nthawi yochepa yokolola. Ngati atakhala nthawi yaitali pamunda, akhoza kugwidwa ndi majeremusi.
- Kuwonongeka kwa zomera zamsongole pa masamba omwe angakhale mazira a tizirombo.
- Zowonjezerapo kusinthika kwa tirigu, kuziyeretsa izo kuchokera ku zinyalala ndi dothi, kuyanika.
Alimi odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa mbewu zokolola m'madera omwe akuzunguliridwa ndi kubzala kapena nkhalango. Mitengo idzakhala chopinga chosatetezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndipo idzawakakamiza kuti ayang'ane malo ena okhala nawo. Kuwonjezera apo, "adani" a nkhwangwa amakhala m'minda yamitengo: akangaude, mbalame, nyerere.Mukudziwa? Nthawi zambiri, ngati palibe njira zothetsera tiziromboti zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira, eni eni omwe ali ndi malo ang'onoang'ono a tirigu, amapereka nkhuku kumunda. Nkhuku imodzi imatha kuchotsa tizilombo mazana masana patsiku.Potsatira ndondomeko zingapo, mlimi adzatha kupereka mbewu zonse, osalola kuti tizilombo tipeze anthu awo pa mbewu.
