Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka zosiyanasiyana, ambiri amaluwa amalemekeza mphete za Emerald, zomwe ziri ndi ndondomeko yabwino. Tiyeni timvetse pamodzi makhalidwe a zosiyanasiyana ndi ubwino pa ena.
Chithunzi ndi ndemanga
Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mediocre, koma odziwa wamaluwa amamvetserabe zina mwazithunzi.
Phunzirani za zovuta za kukula kwa nkhaka zosiyanasiyana monga "Taganay", "Lukhovitsky", "Real Colonel", "Masha f1", "Wopikisana", "Zozulya", "German", "Courage".
Mitengo
Mphetete ya emerald ndi chomera cholimba chomwe chimakhala ndi nthambi zambirimbiri zamaluwa komanso maluwa okhaokha. Zosiyanasiyana ndi zamoyo zosadziwikandipo, chotero, pansi pa zovuta, kukula kwa tchire kulibe malire.
Mitengo yokhutira masamba obiriwira - yowonjezera, ndipo mu tsamba limodzi sinus ili ndi pafupi 2-3 mazira ozungulira maluwa. Kuwateteza kuti asawoneke kumathandiza bwino kupita kumunda nthawi zonse.
Zipatso
Zokwanira kwambiri, zipatso za nkhaka zosiyanasiyanazi zidzakhala zosiyana. mawonekedwe okongola oblongo ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 9-11. Izi ziyenera kunenedwa kuti miyeso yotereyi, komanso kukhalapo kwa ma thomba ndi mitsempha yoyera pamwamba, zimapangitsa kuti azikhala mosiyana, komabe, amafanana ndi mitundu yambiri (iwo ali ndi khalidwe lowawa). Nkhumba yamkati ya nkhaka ya mdima wobiriwira ndipo pamatope omwe amaoneka oyera amadziwika.
Ngati mutadula zipatso zowonongeka, ndiye kuti kukula kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi masentimita 4. Nthawi zonse minofu yowuma komanso yowonongeka ilibe mkati mwake, kotero kuti kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi pamakhala pafupifupi 100 g
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Mitundu yambiri ya hybrid Emerald inapezedwa chifukwa cha ntchito ya akatswiri a Moscow "Gavrish" ndipo mu 2011 anaphatikizidwa mu kaundula wa Russia m'madera onse. Zokonzedweratu zowonjezera kumera kumalo obiriwira okonzedwa bwino, komanso pansi pa chivundikiro cha kanema kapena ngakhale nthaka yotseguka.
Ndizo parthenocarpic zosiyanasiyanaamatha kukhazikitsa popanda poizoni. Mitengo, 3-5 masentimita yaitali ndi gherkins, kutalika kwa masentimita asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu (5-8 masentimita), imatha kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zomera zazikulu. Kuchokera pamene nthawi yoyamba ikuwonekera ndipo mbeu yoyamba ikukolola, zimatenga masiku 42-47.
Kukula mphete za Emerald, simungakhoze kudandaula za maonekedwe a nkhaka nkhaka, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena powdery mildew, monga mwafotokozera za zosiyanasiyana ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsa matendawa.
Mitundu ya nkhaka yokhala ndi mungu wosafunika siyeneranso kuti njuchi zizitsuka, kotero mungathe kuzikula mosavuta mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Pakati pa nyengo yabwino ndi chisamaliro, mpaka makilogalamu 12 a mbewu akhoza kukolola kuchokera pamtunda umodzi wa masimidwe. Fruiting ndi imodzimodzi, ndipo ma ovari ambiri amapanga mphukira zazikulu ndi zowonjezera, zomwe zimachokera ku chomera chimodzi cha 6-7 makilogalamu.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Mankhwalawa amathandiza kwambiri nkhaka Emerald ndolo ndipamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa kuyambira nthawi yoyamba ikuwonekera ndipo nkhaka zoyamba zimatengedwa, osapitirira miyezi 1.5 kupita. Koma izi ziri kutali ndi ntchito yokha ya zomera izi pakati pa ena onse Ndikoyenera kuonetsa zotsatirazi:
- Matabwa a ma ovari ndi zotsatira zake, zokolola zapamwamba (nthawi zambiri zipatso zimakhala zazikulu 6 mpaka 8 poyerekezera ndi mitundu pafupi ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe);
- palibe chosowa choyendetsa mungu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe kusowa kwa kupezeka kwa tizilombo mu wowonjezera kutentha;
- Cholinga cha padziko lonse cha nkhaka, zomwe ziri zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu osiyanasiyana a kucha (makamaka opindulitsa kwa okonda zosungira);
- zokoma ndi zowutsa mudyo, thupi lophwanyidwa, kotero ndizobwino pokonzekera mapulogalamu okoma ndi okoma.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka zinayamba kukula pafupifupi zaka zikwi zisanu ndi chimodzi zapitazo, ndipo pansi pa zochitika zachilengedwe iwo anapezeka koyamba m'madera otentha ndi otentha a ku India ndi kumapazi a mapiri a Himalaya, kumene amapezeka masiku athu ano.
Kodi kubzala nkhaka
Njira yobzala nkhaka za malo osiyanasiyana m'malo osankhidwa amakhala ndi mayendedwe angapo ogwirizana ndipo imayamba ndi kukonza zokolola. Ngakhale kuti ena omwe alimi wamaluwa amadziwa kuti wopanga adasamalira kale izi, ndi bwino kuti asaphonye gawo ili.
Mukudziwa? Ku Russia, nkhaka zokha zokha zimatengedwa ngati "zenizeni", pamene ogula ochokera ku mayiko a ku Ulaya akuzoloweretsa zipatso zosalala, kutchula kuti "nkhaka mu shati la Russia".
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Palibe chovuta mu njirayi. Pofuna kuti mbeu isamere bwino, nkofunikira kuti asanalowe m'nthaka. lowetsani mmadzi (kapena kukula kokonda stimulator) kwa masiku angapo, kenako amere. Mudzafulumizitsa kumera ndikuonjezera chiwerengero cha zipatso pa zomera zazikulu.
Kudyetsa nthaka yotseguka ikuchitika mu May, ndipo nkofunika kupereka gawo lapansi ndi kutentha kwakukulu, chinyezi chakuya ndi kutentha kokwanira. Kwa kubzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi yabwino kwambiri idzakhala pakati pa mwezi watha wa masika.
Chiwembu chodzala ndi kusamalira mbande
Pafupifupi milungu iwiri isanayambe kutsogolo kwa mbande kuti mutsegule pansi, yonjezerani mchere wokhala ndi makilogalamu khumi ndi awiri a kompositi ndi ziwiri zikuluzikulu zotengera za mchere wambiri pa 1 mamita a mbeu. Maola 24 musanayambe kusindikizidwa, malo okonzeka amathiridwa bwino ndipo amamasulidwa, kenako mbewu zimatumizidwira pamtunda, ndikusunga mtunda wa pakati pa mamita 40-50 cm.
Poyamba n'kofunikira kupereka wowonjezera kutentha kwa 90% ndi kuchirikiza icho mpaka mapangidwe mu nodes ya mazira. Zizindikiro za kutentha nthawiyi ziyenera kukhala pamtunda wa 28 ° C mpaka + 30 ° C, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti maluwa ambiri ndi fruiting azifunika.
Nthaŵi yomwe nyengo imakhala yolimba ndi yotentha, nkhaka mbande mphete zam'madzi ziyenera kumangirizidwa ku trellis. Pa mtunda wa mamita awiri pamwamba pa nthaka, mofanana ndi wina ndi mzake, mawaya awiri amatambasula kotero kuti mtunda wa pakati pawo ndi 30-40 masentimita. Pa mapeto amodzi, chingwe chimangirizidwa ku waya, ndipo pamapeto ena, mbande imamangirizidwa.
Khoka la trellis lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chithandizo cha nkhaka.
Zomera zonse zotsatizana zimangirizidwa mofanana, koma kwa wina, zofanana ndi waya wotsutsana. Kawiri pa masiku asanu ndi awiri, chingwecho chikulumikizidwa kuzungulira chomeracho, ndipo pamene phokoso lalikulu lifika pamtunda wa waya wapamwamba, likulumikizeni ndikudikirira mpaka masamba angapo ndi mulu wa zipatso zikuwoneka. Kenaka, tsambani pamwamba pa mphukira yaikulu kuti ikulimbikitseni kukula kwa mbali ya "akazi" mphukira.
Mwachidule, kusamalira mbatata mbande za mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyeso yofanana ndi kulima nkhaka ina iliyonse, yomwe ndi: kuchotsa timapepala tating'ono ndi kuthirira, kuthirira ndi kudyetsa nthawi zonse, mankhwala othandizira ndi mankhwala, monga "Epin" ndi "Immunocytophyt" .
Momwe mungasamalire kalasi
Kusamalira kwambili nkhaka zowonongeka kale zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kuthirira moyenera, feteleza nthaka, kulandira zomera kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda, komanso kusonkhanitsa ndi kusunga mbewu yokolola.
Kuthirira ndi kusamalira nthaka
Nkhaka - zinyontho zokonda zomeraZomwe zafotokozedwa mosiyana ndizosiyana ndi izi. Jekeseni wamadzi, nyengo yotentha, ikhoza kuchitidwa tsiku ndi tsiku, koma madzulo komanso ndi madzi otentha (akhoza kutentha padzuwa). Kuthirira koyamba kumachitika masiku 2-3 mutabzala. Pambuyo pa njirayi, nthaka imasulidwa ndipo zomera zonse zamsongole zimachotsedwa kuti zisamangidwe ndi nkhaka.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani kuti pa masiku a dzuwa madzi amachepera pamasamba a chomera, mwinamwake akhoza kutenthedwa.
Feteleza
Nkhaka anabzala m'nyengo yachilimwe kudyetsa 3-4 nthawipogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mchere. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndondomekoyi imachitika patatha milungu iwiri kuonekera kwa mphukira yoyamba. Zosakaniza zamagulu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse, ndi manyowa omwe amadzipiritsika (mwa chiŵerengero cha 1:20) kapena mullein mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10 chiri chabwino kwa feteleza. Zotsatirazi ziyenera kutsanulidwa pansi pa milomo atangomwa madzi.
Kupopera mankhwala motsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Mitsempha ya emerald ndi mbewu zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi powdery mildew, mizu yovunda ndi bacteriosis, koma potsegulira masamba, mankhwala omwe amatsutsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (monga Epin kapena Zircon) sangasokoneze zokonzekera kunyumba. Kotero, pa mawonetseredwe oyambirira a matenda, odziwa wamaluwa amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Oxyhom, Topaz, Hamair ndi Alirin-B.
Kukolola ndi kusunga nkhuku yokolola
Ubwino wamitundu yosiyanasiyana unachititsa nthawi yochepa yokolola, chifukwa zipatso za nkhaka Zamphesa Zamalid zatha kale pa masiku 42-45 patatha masiku kumera.
Ndikofunikira! Popeza pali masamba obiriwira pamasamba obiriwira, ndibwino kuti muteteze manja anu ndi magolovesi, mwinamwake khungu lidzatha.Pambuyo kukolola, amayi ambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito izi: zina zatsopano, ndipo kuchokera kumbali inayo zimakolola. Ngati mukufuna kusunga chipatso mwamsanga, ndibwino kuti musunge nthawi yomweyo mutatha kukolola.
Pakati pa firiji, amafulumira, ndipo m'firiji amatha kusunga mwatsopano kuposa masiku atatu. Choncho, njira yabwino kwambiri ikanakhala pogwiritsa ntchito thumba la pulasitiki kapena mapepala a mapepala. Pachiyambi choyamba, zitsanzo zosankhidwa ndizokonzedwa bwino zimayikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa pamwamba, ndikuzisiya pamalo ozizira kwambiri kunyumba.
Kotero mudzatha kusunga zokolola kwa masiku khumi, koma ngati mukulunga nkhaka iliyonse ndi chopukutira pepala, nthawiyi idzaperekedwa kwa milungu iwiri. Musatseke thumba ndi mbeu, komabe nkhaka sizidzangowonongeka mwamsanga.
Pali njira zingapo zosungirako zomwe zimayenera kusungira zitsamba za Emerald, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kusunga, makamaka popeza zimakhala zovuta kuti zitheke bwino kuti zikhale bwino, zomwe zimafunika kuti zisungidwe.
