Mwinamwake, aliyense wa ife, kugula mbatata, akufunsa mafunso ambiri kwa wogulitsa za zosiyanasiyana, kulawa, njira yabwino yophika. Izi sizosadabwitsa, lero pali mitundu yambiri ya mbatata kwa mtundu uliwonse wa zokoma, koma pakati pa mitundu imeneyi pali zofuna zomveka, zomwe zidzakambidwe.
Kufotokozera
Posankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata kubzala, wamaluwa amatsogoleredwa ndi zoyenera: zokolola, kukana matenda, kulawa, maonekedwe. Kwa zaka makumi awiri zapitazo, mbatata ya Rocco yakhala yotchuka kwambiri, ndipo tidzakhalabe pazofotokozedwa kuti tidziwe zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokopa kwambiri komanso zomwe ziripo.
Zosiyanasiyana "Rocco" ndi pakati pa nyengo, mbatata yobereka kwambiriChoyamba anabadwira ku Holland. "Rocco" ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma mtima kwake, komwe kumatchuka kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Kusiyanitsa mbatata za maonekedwe osiyanasiyana sikovuta.
Akuwombera
Chomeracho ndi chitsulo chokhazikika chazitali zakutali ndi mphukira zambiri. Mphukira imakhala ndi maluwa ofiira ndi masamba aang'ono a wavy. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa sangakhalepo.
Amaluwa amalima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata: "Adretta", "Bluishna", "Queen Queen", "Luck", "Irbitsky", "Gala", "Kiwi".
Zipatso
Zipatso za mbatata zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenera a ovalo, osalala, ndi kuwala kowala, peel ya tubers ikhoza kukhala ndi mtundu wochokera ku violet mpaka wofiira.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya mbatata "Rocco" ili ndi khalidwe lokongola kwa alimi a ndiwo zamasamba. Mitunduyi imatchula mitundu ya mbatata pakati pa nyengo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti nyengo yake ikukula ili pafupi masiku zana (nyengo imasiyana malinga ndi nyengo ndi nyengo).
"Rocco" ndi yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda a tizilombo, ali ndi zokolola kwambiri. Kotero Anthu mazana asanu ndi limodzi mphambu mazana asanu ndi limodzi mphambu mazana asanu ndi limodzi (100) amatha kusonkhanitsidwa pa hekitala peresenti mbeu za tuber (mpaka 12 tubers zikukula pa chitsamba chimodzi). Tubers ali ndi wowuma wowonjezera - 16-20%.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa starch zokwanira, ndi mbatata mitundu "Rocco" Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafakitale pokonzekera zipsu ndi zakudya zopangira mbatata.Ma subspecies awa sadziwika bwino kwambiri pa chisamaliro, amalekerera nyengo yowuma ndi mvula yambiri bwino, chifukwa chakuti idalimbikitsidwa bwino kwa zaka zoposa 25 m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya mbatata, "Rocco" yatchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Chiwerengero chimenechi chikuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa ubwino ndi zoperewera zopanda ungwiro:
- Mbatata ili ndi mauthenga abwino kwambiri, amasamalidwa bwino ndipo akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali (miyezi isanu ndi umodzi).
- Tubers musataye mawonekedwe awo ndipo osasintha mtundu wa zamkati pa chithandizo cha kutentha, khalani ndi kukoma kokoma kokoma.
- Chomeracho ndi chopinga kwambiri kwa mavairasi ndi matenda ena, kudzichepetsa mu chisamaliro, kulekerera nyengo kusintha.
Zowonongeka kwakukulu zimatha kudziwika kuti ndizovuta zokhazokha (zovunda zofiira), zomwe zimayambitsa masamba a chitsamba, ndiyeno tubers.
Mukudziwa? Kuwonongeka kwa nyengoyi kunayambitsa njala yaikulu ku Ireland, yomwe inapha gawo lachinayi la anthu a dzikolo kuyambira 1845 mpaka 1849.Mwamwayi, masiku ano pali zida zambiri zomwe zingathandize kulimbana ndi matendawa ndi kusunga zokololazo.
Kubzala mbatata
Kuti mbeu ikhale yosangalatsa ndi mabuku ake, m'pofunika kuyandikira mozama nkhani yosankha malo odzala mbatata, ndikuganizira zosiyana siyana ndi kusamalira iwo.
Kusankha kwa malo
Malowa ayenera kukhala ofewa, oyera, okwera bwino kuchokera kumbali zonse. Pa nthawi yokonzekera, deralo liyenera kuchotsedwa udzu, zinyalala, udzu wouma. Nthaka yobzala mitundu "Rocco" iyenerana ndi - mchenga, sod, nthaka yakuda.
Chinthu chachikulu chokonzekera nthaka ndichotseketsa bwino nthaka, nthaka iyenera kukhala yobiriwira kuti mizu ikhale yolimba ndipo tubers zikhale ndi mawonekedwe abwino.
Tsiku lofika limadziwika ndi kutentha kwa dothi la nthaka (kutentha kumayenera kukhala + 7 ... +8 ° C) ndipo kumasiyana malinga ndi nyengo ya dera. M'mayiko ambiri okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, nthawi yabwino kwambiri imachokera kumapeto kwa April mpaka kumayambiriro kwa May. M'madera ozizira, nthawi yobwera imasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa ku mtsogolo, koma pasanafike May.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchedwa kubzala mbatata kwa milungu iwiri kapena kuposerapo kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa nthawi yokolola!
Kulowera
Kawirikawiri wamaluwa omwe ali ndi zida zankhondo ali ndi zida zambiri zokonzekera mabedi a mbatata, tidzakambirana mofulumira kwambiri.
Njira yapadera "pansi pa fosholo"Chofunika kwambiri ndi ichi: Pa mizere yomwe ili pamtunda imakhala pafupifupi masentimita asanu, mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kukhala masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, masentimitawa amabzalidwa m'mizere yomwe ili ndi masentimita 30, kenako amadzazidwa ndi nthaka yofukula. Kudyetsa kwapafupi kungapangitse kwambiri kusamaliranso mabedi.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire mlengi wa mbatata ndi manja anu.
Ndikofunikira! Musanabzala, muyenera kusamala bwinobwino tubers ndi kuwabisira masiku angapo kuti maso ang'onoang'ono awonekere.Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti njira yoyenera si yoyenera mitundu yonse. Kuzama kozama kubzala kungawononge mbatata chifukwa cha chinyezi chokwanira. Komabe, kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Rocco" zoterezi zimakhala zopindulitsa, chifukwa kuthirira kwambiri ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ulimi wake.
Zosamalira
Kotero, mwakwanitsa kulimbana ndi kubzala kwa mbatata, tsopano muyenera kusamalira bwino mabedi, kotero tidzakambirana zambiri za ndondomekoyi.
Ambiri wamaluwa amachita hilling mbatata. Njira imeneyi ingatheke mothandizidwa ndi motoblock kapena hiller yopangidwa ndi manja.
Momwe mungadzamwe madzi
Mbatata "Rocco", monga tanenera kale, imatanthawuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chinyezi, choncho ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndi kuonetsetsa kuti madzi okwanira ndi ochuluka, osachepera 3-4 pa sabata. Zotsatira zabwino zopezera chinyezi chofunikira zimapezeka pogwiritsira ntchito zida zowonjezera chingwe cha mulch.
Kusamalira nthaka ndi kuvala
Mfundo yofunikira ndikusamaliranso bwino nthaka, kuyesa mabedi ndi namsongole ndi kumasula nthawi zonse nthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino. Chofunika kuti mbewu za mbatata zikhale ndi feteleza ndikudyetsa mbewu yokha.
Pali zabwino monga njira zakale zovomerezeka, ndi zipangizo zamakono zopangidwa. Mwachikhalidwe, feteleza amapangidwa ndi organic ndi mchere feteleza. Nitrogen, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu yokwanira m'nthaka yogawanika ndi tubers inali yotsutsana ndi zinthu zina.
Chitetezo cha matenda
Mofanana ndi mbewu ina iliyonse, mbatata imatha kukhala ndi mavairasi osiyanasiyana ndi matenda, ndipo imakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Ngati kale, mkuwa wa sulphate ankaonedwa kuti ndi njira yodzitetezera kudziko lonse, lero pali kusankha kwakukulu kwa fungicides ndi tizilombo ta m'badwo watsopano.
Mbatata imayambitsidwa ndi tizirombo monga Colorado mbatata kachilomboka, wireworm, mphutsi za chimfine cha Mayon, bearfish, nematode, aphid, otchuka. Kuchokera ku matenda omwe amakhudza mbatata, m'pofunikira kugawa chowopsa mochedwa, Alternaria, nkhanambo.
Mukudziwa? Mukamabzala mbatata, ndikulimbikitsanso kutsanulira phulusa lazitsulo muzitsime zonse, izi zimapangitsa kukula kwa masamba omwe amapezeka mu tubers ndi kuonjezera zokolola.
Kukolola
Nthaŵi yosangalatsa kwambiri kwa wolima munda ndi yophukira, nthawi yokolola. Kukolola kuyenera kuchitidwa mwanthawi yake kuti zipatso zisayambe kuwonongeka ndi kuvunda. Kuti mudziwe nthawi yomwe mungathe kukumba mbatata, muyenera kufufuza momwe zilili pamwambazi.
Ndi chiyambi cha kuyanika kwa nsonga za maluwa kumayambitsa yogwira kukula kwa tubers. Kufa kwathunthu akuti mbeu imatha kukolola, koma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyambe kukumba kuti tizitha kukolola. Pambuyo pa mapeto a pamwamba, m'pofunika kukumba mbatata isanagwe.
Kawirikawiri nthawi yokolola imatha kumapeto kwa August ndipo imatha mpaka theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa September. Pre-kukolola zofunika dulani ndi zouma zouma bwinokupewa kupezeka kwa matenda a tubers.
Pakatha mbatata, iyenera kuikidwa pa phala imodzi yosanjikiza kuti isayambe kusungidwa mabokosi. Kuyambira kukolola, muyenera kusankha nambala ya mbatata, yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito chaka chotsatira chodzala.
Malingana ndi momwe angatanthauzire, mbatata "Rocco" imakonda kwambiri pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya tebulo. Zimayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake komanso kukoma kwake, komwe kudzakondweretsa ngakhale mimba yamakono, ndipo posamalira bwino, idzakusangalatsani ndi zokolola zochititsa chidwi.
