Olemba ntchito ndi amalima olima maluwa amayesetsa kwambiri kuti apange kuwala, ndipo chofunikira kwambiri - mabedi owala nthawi zonse.
Kuchita izi, phatikizani mitundu yonse ya mbewu za maluwa, zosiyana ndi maluwa, kutalika kwa peduncles ndi zosiyana kwambiri kapena zogwirizana ndi mtundu wina ndi mzake.
Zomera zonsezi zimabzalidwa kotero kuti kufota kwa okhala mumaluwawa kumalowetsedwa ndi zomera zatsopano. Ndipo pothetsa ntchitoyi, wolima maluwa adzathandizidwa ndi maluwa okongola, akuchokera ku nkhalango zam'madera otentha - Ixia.
Ichi ndi chisangalalo chosatha chomwe chikhoza kuphulika m'mikhalidwe ya mayiko akumwera chaka chonse. M'nkhaniyi tiona mmene tingamerekere maluwa okongolawa pakati pa Russia, momwe angasamalire komanso kuti azifalitsa.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Ixia ndi chomera chokhazikika cha South Africa chokhazikika, maluwa ambiri, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Nthiti yaing'ono yamphindi imapuma mu inflorescence ngati makutu, okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono.
Mitengo yamaluwa imapangidwa ndi mitundu yofunda: chikasu, choyera, pinki, lalanje, mchenga, zonse zofiira. Ixia imayamba kukula pachimake pafupi pakati pa chilimwe: zaka khumi zachiwiri za July ndi mwezi wa August. Maluwa amatha mwezi umodzi, ndiye maluwa amauma, kugwa, mabokosi ambewu amawonekera m'malo awo. 
Chomeracho, monga munthu weniweni wokhala kumwera, amakonda dzuwa. Ndi nyengo yotentha, yomwe imakhala yozizira kwambiri moti maluwa otentha amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri.
Kusatha ndibwino kuti uchi ukhale wokongola ndipo umakopa njuchi ndi zina zotulutsa mungu wobiriwira ndi zonunkhira zokoma. Mkhalidwe wathu wa nyengo, chomeracho chimakula mchaka chilichonse.
Mukudziwa? Usiku ndi mvula kapena mvula, maluwa a ixia amayandikira, popanda dzuwa, zomera sizikumveka bwino.Pakalipano, pali mitundu yoposa 20 yokha yosasinthika yomwe ilipo nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha mitundu iyi, obereketsa anabala mitundu yambiri ndi yambiri ya ixia. Florists ankakonda mitundu iyi:
- Ixia Hymenocallis festalis - chomeracho chili ndi tsinde lapamwamba (70 cm), chophimbidwa ndi maluwa oyera ndi zokongola zam'mbali. Maluwa okongola ali ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino kwambiri.
- Maluwa okongola a Ixia - Zomwe zimakhala zachilengedwe za ku Africa kuno zimayambira kwambiri (zaka khumi zoyambirira za July). Inflorescence ili ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono obiriwira ndi ofiira owala ngati mawonekedwe a nyenyezi. Inflorescence spikelet limamasula magnificently ndipo mwachidwi kwa masiku 25-35. Kutalika kwa phokoso lalikulu ndi 45-50 centimita.
- Ixia Hybrid - zokongola kwambiri za mitundu yonse ya izi zosatha. Kupyolera mwa zoyesayesa za obereketsa, pali mitundu yowakanizidwa yofiirira, maluwa a buluu - chinachake chimene simudzachiwona m'chilengedwe. Koma pali mitundu yambiri yatsopano yomwe ili ndi mitundu yambiri yamadzi: yoyera, yachikasu, lalanje ndi pinki. Kutalika kwa zomera zotereledwa kawirikawiri kumakhala pakati pa 30-50 cm.
- Ixia amapezeka - zosowa, pokhala ndi minofu ya maluwa a lanceolate, kukula m'munsi mwa khutu la inflorescence ndi zachilendo zamaluwa omwe amapanga maluwa spikelet. Maluwawo amakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani ndi kuwala kozungulira mozungulira. Spike inflorescence amafika kutalika kwa 50-55 masentimita.
- Ixia Orange - pafupifupi woimira kakang'ono kwambiri wa banja lino. Lilliput chomera sichikula pamwamba pa masentimita 20, koma kukula kochepa kumapindula ndi maluwa ochuluka kwambiri. Makandulo otsika a ixia amadzazidwa ndi maluwa okongola okhala ndi lalanje, pakati pa duwa ndi mdima wamdima.
- Ixia ndi wofiira - chomera chimene chakhala chikudziwika pakati pa wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira omwe amawoneka bwino pamene akufika mu zosakaniza. Kutalika kwa Tropican kumakula kufika masentimita 45.
- Ixia kusakaniza - Mwinamwake mitundu yambiri yokongoletsera ya maluwa awa, omwe oimira okha a ixia wosakanizidwa akhoza kukangana ndi kukongola. Ndi lalikulu inflorescences, utoto wowala ndi yowutsa mudyo toni, kulenga yapadera kukongoletsa zamaluwa chomera.
Sakanizani maluwa obiriwira, achikasu, burgundy, pinki yofiira, chipale chofewa, mandimu. Maluwa amatha masiku oposa 20. Maluwa a alendo otentha amayamba sabata yachiwiri ya mwezi wa July ndikukhalapo mpaka masiku oyambirira a August.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la duwa ixia limachokera ku mawu achigriki ixios, omwe amatanthauza "mbalame guluu". Maluwawo amatchulidwa choncho chifukwa chakuti kutaya kwa mbewuzo ndi kofiira komanso kovuta kwambiri, komwe kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa hummingbirds otentha omwe amawakonda kwambiri.
Mukamabzala pamalo otseguka (kasupe, autumn)
Mukhoza kubzala mababu a mchere mumtunda wa mabedi a maluwa musanafike nyengo yozizira komanso masika, muyenera kungoganizira za nyengo yomwe mukukhalamo.
Popeza chomeracho ndi nzika yokhala kumadera otentha, ndibwino kuti tiyimire pamalo otseguka pakatikati pa Russia m'nyengo yotentha.
Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, pamene kubwerera kwakumapeto (nthawi zambiri kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April kapena theka la mwezi wa May) kwatha, ma corms a Ixia amafesedwa panthaka yotentha. Mukamabzala muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa dothi lakuya 8-10 masentimita sikunachepe kuposa madigiri 15 Celsius.
Kum'mwera kwa Russia, n'zotheka kudzala ixia, monga zomera zina, m'dzinja. Koma ngakhale nyengo yozizira ndi yotentha, muyenera kusamala ndi kuzizira maluwa.
Kuphika kwa maluwa a Ixia kumapangitsa kuti mchere ukhale wozama mpaka masentimita 10, masentimita khumi ndi awiri, dziko lapansi silingathe kuteteza anyezi osakaniza kuchokera ku chisanu. 
Koma izi siziri zonse - kusamaliranso zomera zamtsogolo zimakhala poika wosanjikiza wa insulated mulch pamwamba pa obzalidwa maluwa mitsempha pansi (utuchi, peat ufa, pang'ono atapanikizidwa udzu).
Kutalika kwa wosanjikiza kutentha kumafunika kukhala osachepera 10-15 masentimita. Chipale chofewa chitachoka pa flowerbed, chingwe cha mulch chimachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito tsache kapena jekeseni.
Kukonzekera malo otsetsereka
Pokhala mAfrika, Ixia imapereka zovuta zofunikira pa chinyezi, kutentha kwa dothi, mpweya ndi kuchuluka kwa dzuwa. Choncho, pozindikira kuti zikhale zokhazikika m'munda kapena pabedi, zonsezi ziyenera kuganiziridwa.
Ngakhale kuti chomera ndi chomera chokhala ndi madzi, mutabzala ma tubers, m'pofunika kumvetsetsa kuti nthaka yomwe imakula idzatonthozedwa bwino, ndipo madzi sagonjetsedwa. 
Kukula kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kungayambitse mababu kapena mizu ya maluwa omwe kale ali aakulu, chifukwa cha zomera zomwe zimavunda ndi kufa. Ngati nthaka ndi dongo kapena flowerbed ili m'chigwa (nthawizonse imakhala yonyowa pamenepo), mukhoza kukonza mkhalidwewu powonjezera mchenga pamene mukumba maluwa.
Kawirikawiri chiwerengero chofunikira cha mchenga chimayikidwa motere: chidebe chimodzi cha mchenga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mita iliyonse ya squareble ya flowerbed. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kunthaka ndikuchotsa chinyezi.
Pambuyo pa malo osankhidwawo, ndibwino kuti manyowa awonongeke pa maluwa. Manyowa onse akugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana pansi, pambuyo pake dziko lapansi likukumba ndi chivundikiro cha gombe (kumasulidwa) ndi fosholo kapena chopper.
Mukhoza kuthira nthaka ndi njira zingapo:
- Nambala yoyamba 1 - pamwamba pa duwa bedi labalalitsa manyowa a ng'ombe kapena wabwino kumwaza madzi. Kwa makilomita 10 a mzere wa maluwa amakhala ndi chidebe chimodzi cha feteleza chotero.
- Nambala yachiwiri yokha - manyowa mtsogolo munda wamaluwa ndi mchere. Pochita izi, pangani chisakanizo cha mawerengedwe pa mita iliyonse ya nthaka: 50-70 g wa superphosphate; 20 g ya magnesiamu; 1 lita mtsuko wa nkhuni phulusa.
Mukudziwa? Kafukufuku asayansi asonyeza kuti zomera zimayankha kukhalapo kwa anthu osiyanasiyana si zofanana. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo anayesa kufufuza kuti munthu mmodzi adzalangizidwa kuti atenge masamba a duwa, ndi wina kumasula nthaka pambali ya duwa ndi madzi. Zidazo zinkasonyeza zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zomerazo zimayendera poyandikira anthu awa.
Tekeni yamakono
Chomerachi chikukula m'njira zingapo. Malinga ndi njira yosankhidwayo idzakhala yosiyana ndi luso lamakono.
Kubzala mababu
Tropical ixia, monga zomera zina zosasangalatsa, sizimakhala nyengo yozizira m'dziko lathu. Choncho, mukamayambiriro mutamera anyezi otentha, teknolojia yotereyi imati:
- Chinthu choyamba chikuwerengedwa nthawi yamtsogolo yobzala pamalo otseguka. Kuti tichite zimenezi, kuyambira nthawi yomwe ikufika pakadutsa nthaka ikuwerengedwa mosiyana ndi masiku 14-17. Ili ndilo tsiku la kuyamba ntchito pa kuwuka ndi kumera kwa corm.
- Mababu akuluakulu a zaka zitatu amakhala akugwedezeka kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri mphambu makumi awiri ndi mphambu zisanu ndi makumi awiri mphambu makumi asanu ndi awiri (20-20).
- Kenaka, kukonzedwa mu potassium permanganate, mababuwo amasambitsidwa pansi pa mtsinje wa madzi oyera.
- Ma Corms amathirizidwa kuti apitirize kumera. Kuchita izi, masentimita 10 masentimita a zitsamba zamadzi kapena mchenga wouma amatsanulira pansi pa chidebe chopanda kanthu koma chachikulu (makatoni bokosi, bokosi la matabwa). Pa zotayirira zitsulo zamkati, babu ndi babu, kubzala zinthu zaikidwa. Bokosi lakumera liri ndi mapulasitiki apamwamba pamwamba ndipo amaikidwa pawindo lotentha-sill kapena pawindo la veranda.
- Tsiku lirilonse, filimuyi imakwera pamwamba pa bokosi, condensate yomwe imakhala pamwamba pa polyethylene imagwedezeka, zomera zimakhala mpweya wabwino kwa mphindi 10 ndikuphimbanso.
Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, chimodzi kapena zambiri zidzamera pa bulbu iliyonse. Ngati nodule sumawonekere, zikutanthauza kuti sizoyenera kubzala, ndipo zimatayidwa. Mababu ena onse amabzalidwa kosatha, malo okonzedwa bwino.
Kuti flowerbed iphuke yaitali komanso bwino, mababu opitirira zaka zitatu amasankhidwa chifukwa chodzala mumaluwa. Muzitsamba zomwe zimapangidwa bwino, zowonongeka Ixia, corm iyenera kukhala yaying'ono ya 4-6 masentimita, koma ndiye chomeracho chidzakondweretsa wamaluwa ndi nyengo yozizwitsa komanso yaitali.
Ngati maluwawo afesedwa mzere, ndiye kuti zotsatira zotsalira izi zikuwonetsedwa:
- mu mzere pakati pa zomera, mtunda wa masentimita 15-20 watsala;
- Ngati pali mizere ingapo, ndiye pakati pawo ikhale pakati pa mizera ya 25-30 cm.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Woyenda kudziko lakutentha akhoza kukula kuchokera ku mbewu. Iyi ndi njira kwa anthu omwe ali oleza mtima kapena, mwachitsanzo, omwe akufuna kusunga katundu yense ndikufulumira kuchulukitsa zosawerengeka zomwe iwo alandira.
Pofuna kukula mbande za maluwa a ixia, muyenera:
- kukonzekera nthaka yapadera yosakaniza, yomwe idzakhala ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga, 1 gawo la peat ufa ndi magawo awiri a munda;
- ikani nthaka yokonzeka mu bokosi lapadera, malo ndi moisten;
- Bzalani mbewu za maluwa kuti mbande zikhale kumapeto kwa February. Pamwamba pa nthaka, yambani mbewu za ixia ndipo mopepuka kuwaza ndi nthaka youma. Pepaninso. Mchenga pamwamba pa nyemba sayenera kupitirira kukula kwake kuposa kawiri;
- Bokosi lofesedwa mbewu limakhala ndi galasi lakuda, yomwe imatuluka kawiri pa sabata kuti ikalitse mbewu komanso kuchepetsa kuchepetsa ulimi wothirira;
- pamene ziphuphu zimamera kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 2-3, kuchepetsa mbewu. Mizere yowonjezereka yowonongeka, zomera zimasiyidwa pamtunda wa masentimita awiri kuchokera kwa mzake;
- Chapakatikati mwa mwezi wa April, bokosi lomwe limakhala ndi mbande limatulutsidwa panja ndipo limaumitsa kutentha kuposa madigiri khumi. Bokosi la mmera limabweretsedwa mnyumbamo kokha ngati kutentha kumadutsa pansi pa madigiri 8 Celsius.
Ndikofunikira! M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, chomera cha Ixia chomwe chimakula kuchokera ku mbewu chimapanga tiyi toonong'ono ting'onoting'ono pa mizu yomwe mukufunika kukumba yophukira. M'nyengo yozizira, anyezi amasungidwa kutentha kwambiri pamwamba pa zero. M'chaka chachiwiri cha nyengo yokula, panthawi yopuma masika, babu idzapitirira kuwonjezeka, ndipo m'chaka chachitatu cha moyo chidzala.
Chisamaliro chapadera (kuthirira, kudyetsa)
Choncho kuti chidziwitso cha kukula kwa ixia chipindule ndikubweretsa chisangalalo kwa wamaluwa kwa wolima, kusamalira mbewu m'munda kumafuna nthawi yambiri kuthirira madzi pamzu ndi tsamba (kuchepetsa kuthirira).
Muyenera kuthirira mbewuyo molingana ndi ndandanda iyi:
- Masabata awiri oyambirira mutabzala zomera simukusowa kuthirira;
- Pomwe mphukira zoyamba kuchokera kunthaka zikuwoneka, ulimi wothirira ndi wofooka umafunika (dothi lochepa);
- Kubzala Ixia, kulowa mu nthawi ya maluwa, muyenera kumwa madzi tsiku ndi tsiku, koma pang'ono ndi pang'ono (musatsanulire);
- pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kuli pamwamba madigiri 26 Celsius, kusamba kumathandiza kwa zomera (kuthirira pa tsamba);
- mwamsanga pamene zomera zikuphuka, kuthirira kungathe kuimitsidwa.
Pa kutalika kwa nyengo yokula, maluwa amafunika kudya nthawi zonse. Dyetsani bedi la maluwa ndi nayitrogeni ndi zinthu zina zofunika mu njira zotsatirazi:- Nambala yoyamba 1 - Mbewu iliyonse yamaluwa yokongoletsera maluwa imagulidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa, imayeretsedwa malinga ndi malangizo ndikuwonjezeredwa ku mizu ya zomera.
- Nambala yachiwiri yokha - konzekerani feteleza wochokera ku nkhuku zowonongeka. Kuti muchite izi, tengani kabuku la nyerere zatsopano kapena zouma, zodzaza ndi madzi otentha kumtunda wakumtunda wa chidebe, ziphimbe ndi kuziyika kumalo akutali, kumbali ya dzuwa.
Malondawa amaphatikizidwa kwa milungu iwiri, zomwe zili mu chidebecho zimayenera kusakanizidwa ndi mtengo. Pambuyo masiku 14, kuvala kwakukulu kumakonzeka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Onjezerani theka la lita imodzi yokhazikika pa chidebe cha madzi oyera ozizira, sakanizani bwino ndikutsanulira zomera zamasamba pansi pazu. Kuvala izi kungakhoze kuchitika nthawi yonse ya chilimwe ndi kupumula pakati pa kuvala kwa masiku 10-15.
Kuti atalike nthawi ya maluwa pa zomera, zowonongeka maluwa zimadulidwa ndi mchenga wamunda. Izi zimawonjezera kukongola kwa bedi la maluwa ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimathandiza kukula kwa gawo la pansi pa mbeu (mababu).
Ndikofunikira! Mukamawotcha zitsamba za nkhuku, osati zosangalatsa zabwino zomwe zimachokera mu thanki, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kusankha malo osungira tangi ndi feteleza kutali ndi anthu.
Kuswana
Pochita zomera (m'nyengo ya chilimwe), babu wamkulu wa zaka zitatu amakula minofu yambiri (ana).
Anyezi aang'ono amalekanitsidwa ndi uterine corm, owazidwa ndi phulusa kuti asungidwe bwino ndikusungidwa mu bokosi lapadera kuti asungidwe m'nyengo yozizira.
Iwo adzabzalidwa mu kasupe, koma osati pabedi la maluwa, koma m'malo osiyana kuti akule mababu. Mu kugwa, mababu awa adzakumbidwa mobwerezabwereza kupita kusungirako yozizira.
Ndipo m'zaka zitatu zokha, corm idzakhala yakale yokwanira kuti idzafesedwe kuti ipeze maluwa ochuluka.
Chomera chodabwitsachi chikhoza kufalikiranso ndi kugawa babu wamkulu. Kuti muchite izi, amadulidwa ndi mpeni wochulukirapo mowa mwauchidakwa kapena calcined pamoto m'magawo osiyanasiyana. 
Pamene kudula tuber, kumayang'anitsitsa kuti, motero, mbali ya muzu lobe ndi imodzi kapena masamba angapo amapezeka pa zidutswa zonse za uterine corm. Dulani kudyetsa zakuthupi owazidwa ndi nkhuni phulusa (phulusa) ndi kubzala mu hotbed.
Kuzama kwapadera kwa ana a zaka ziwiri komanso zaka ziwiri ndi masentimita 6, mtunda wa pakati pa mababuwo ndi 3-5 masentimita. Mzere umene umamera m'mabedi oyamwitsa umapangidwa ndi makina pafupifupi 20 centimita.
Mukudziwa? Olima munda oyambirira anali okhala ku Igupto wakale. Chiyambi cha zokongoletsa floriculture chinaikidwa zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Ixia ndi chomera chomwe sichitha kugonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Za tizilombo zomwe zimayambitsa kulima kwa munda, nthawi zina nsabwe za m'masamba zimamukhumudwitsa. Pofuna kuteteza maluwa kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndizokwanira kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito munda wopopera mbewu.
Kukonzekera uku kudzakhala masiku 30-35. Ngati kuli kotheka, kupaka mbewu kwa tizilombo kungathe kubwerezedwa kangapo pa nyengo.
Popeza kubereka kwa ixia kumapangidwa ndi mababu a tubers, m'pofunika kutenga njira zothandizira kupezeka kwa matenda a fungal pa chodzala. 
Matenda a fungal amachititsa kuti malo okhudzidwawo amakula pang'onopang'ono, tuber imakhala yokutidwa ndi fungal spores (nkhungu), minofu ya babu imachepetsa ndi kuvunda. Tizilonda tomwe tikukhala pafupi ndi kachilombo ka kachilomboka timadwala ndikufa.
Чтобы предотвратить грибные болезни, цветочные клубни обрабатывают фунгицидами, опыляют древесным пеплом или замачивают в светлом растворе марганца.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira
Popeza kuti timadzi timene timatentha sitimatha kuthera nyengo yozizira, wamaluwa amapeza njira yabwino yowonjezera maluwa awa.
Mapeto a nyengo yokula, pamene ma inflorescences agwedezeka pa mbeu, nyemba za mbeu zimapanga, mbewu zakula ndipo masamba ayamba kuuma, ichi ndi chizindikiro kwa wakulima kuti ndi nthawi yakukuta tubers.
Kukumba kumasankha tsiku mu nyengo youma, dzuwa. Pambuyo pobzalapo kuchotsedwa m'nthaka, mitsemphayi imayikidwa ndi kuuma padzuwa tsiku la 5-7. Pambuyo pake amathira mungu ndi phulusa ndi kuyika makatoni amsungiramo m'nyengo yozizira.
Mabokosiwa amasungidwa kutentha kotsika kwambiri (10 digri Celsius), nthawi zonse mpweya ndi kufufuza chikhalidwe chonse. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati njinga yozizira ikupezeka m'nyengo yachisanu kuyang'aniridwa kwa tubers yosungidwa, imachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo kuti isasokoneze zina zonse zobzala.
Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
Ixia ndi chomera chowala kwambiri komanso chowala kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala ndi zokongola kwambiri zokongola kwambiri. Amisiri omwe amapanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aluso pogwiritsa ntchito Ixia, amapanga masamba obiriwira omwe amakhala otchire.
Zokongola monga peacock, Ixia amawoneka bwino pa mapiri a alpine, komanso ngati chophimba pamapiri aakulu a paki. Chomeracho ndi chabwino chifukwa sichimasokoneza zotsatira zake pa kuyang'anitsitsa pafupi m'minda yaing'ono komanso kugwiritsa ntchito maluwa pamadera akuluakulu ndi kutalika kwake.
M'minda yayikulu yamapaki, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zowonongeka izi zimabzalidwa ndipo zimasewera mu mitundu yosiyana komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyama za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. 
Ndikofunikira! Mlendo wachilendo akhoza kubzalidwa mumphika chikhalidwe: Adzakongoletsa khonde, veranda kapena kanyumba kanyumba kakang'ono.
Umu ndi mmene mungakongozerere chilimwe chilimwe ndi zomera zokongola kwambiri pozibzala mu bedi lanu. Tikuyembekeza malangizo athu pa chisamaliro ndi kulima si capricious tropikanki kukuthandizani.
Ntchito yaying'ono, kusamalidwa pang'ono ndi kutentha, komanso kukongola kwa Ixia kumakondweretsa wolima minda yamtunduwu ndi zonunkhira komanso maluwa otalika komanso okongola kwambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe. Bwino, olima maluwa!
