Kukolola kwa mbatata ndi gwero la kunyada kwa woyang'anira munda ndipo limapangitsa kukhala ndi chidaliro m'tsogolomu, koma zotsatira zake za miyezi yambiri ndizosavuta kuwononga ndi yosungirako zosayenera.
Tiyeni tione mmene tingasunge mbatata.
Terms of harvesting mbatata kwa yosungirako yozizira
Monga mukudziwira, kukumba zokolola kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June-July, komabe, achinyamata omwe sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amalephera kusungirako nthawi yaitali, chifukwa sanamve khungu lokwanira. Nthawi yokolola yomaliza ya "mkate wachiwiri" imadalira nyengo ndi zosiyana siyana, koma nthawi zambiri amakoka zokolola pafupi ndi kuyamba kwa nthawi yophukira.
Zimakhulupirira kuti mbatata Inu mukhoza kukumba pamene imalira pamwamba. Olima munda amakhala ndi mphamvu yokumba za tubers, komanso chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo, nyengo (ndi bwino kukumba pa tsiku labwino) ndi zochitika zawo, iwo amadziwa tsiku lokolola.
Mukudziwa? La Bonnotte ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata padziko lapansi. Zomerazi zimakula pa chilumba chaching'ono cha ku France cha Noirmoutier, chomwe chili pafupi ndi nyanja ya Atlantic. Mtengo wa zokoma zapanyumba ndi pafupifupi ma euro 500 pa kilogalamu, kukula kwa zokolola sizoposa matani zana. Tubers ndi osakhwima kwambiri, kukoma kwake ndi kotsekemera, ndi kukoma kwa mtedza, kakhala ndi kukoma kwamumu.
Kukonzekera kwa mbatata yosungirako
Zakolola zokolola zisanasungidwe ayenera kuuma. Ngati pali masiku omveka bwino, ndipo nthaka ya m'munda ndi mchenga, tubers ikhoza kuyanika m'munda, ndikupita nawo kumalo amodzi. Njirayi idzatenga maola angapo, mbatata yokha imachotsedwa mwouma komanso yoyeretsa kuchokera ku dothi lamchenga.
Kawirikawiri, mbatata zouma pansi pa denga kapena mkati mwa nyumba zina - izi zimateteza chitetezo cha mvula kuchokera ku nyengo ya nyengo. Masiku amodzi kapena awiri ndi okwanira kugwiritsira ntchito nthaka kuti iphatike kuchokera ku tubers ndikuumitsa khungu lawo. 
Mukudziwa? M'mapiri otentha, mukhoza kupeza mtengo wa mbatata wa Solanum wrightii Benth, womwe uli mamita 15. Zoona, tubers za zomera izi zikusowa.Pambuyo kuyanika, mbatata imayikidwa m'chipinda chamdima kwa masabata angapo - ambiri (osapitirira theka la mita lakuda) kapena m'matumba. Panthawiyi, mbola ya mbatata idzawombera, ndipo kuwonjezera apo, matenda a munthu aliyense tubers adzawonekera. Pakatha nthawi yokhala ndi mpata wotsekemera, tubers amasankhidwa, kuchotsa zitsanzo zonse zofooka ndi zowonongeka, pambuyo pake mbeuyo ikusungidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Zosungirako mbatata
Kuti muzisunga mbatata bwino, ndikofunikira kuti muyang'ane boma la kutentha. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi + 3-5 ° C, pamene chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndicho kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa nthawi yonse yosungirako. Pa kutentha kwamtunda, tubers zimamera patapita nthawi, zimayambira mizu ndikukhala zosayenera kuti anthu azidya, ndipo mbatata yosungunuka zimakonda zokoma chifukwa chopanga wowuma ndi shuga mmenemo.
Chipinda chosungirako chomwecho chiyenera kukhala mdima, chokhalira kutali ndi makoswe, ndi kutentha nthawi zonse ndi mpweya wokwanira. Pansi pa sitolo ili ndi mchenga - imatenga chinyezi bwino. Zinyontho zina zomwe zimakhudza zinthu pansi zimaloledwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiike pansi pa sitolo ndi linoleum, slate, kuti tiyimire - zonsezi zimayambitsa kusungunuka kwa chinyezi komanso kukula kwa bowa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuunikira kwachilengedwe kwanthaŵi yaitali kumapanganso kupanga solanine mu tubers ya mbatata. Kunja, kumawonekera ngati kulima kwa tubers.
Mitundu yosungiramo m'zipinda zosiyana
Sungani ma tubers ambiri, muzitsulo zopitirira, ndi m'matumba kapena mabokosi. Ndi bwino kwambiri kusunga mbatata mu chidebe kuposa chochuluka. Ngati adasankha kusunga mavitamini a mbatata mumabokosi, mabokosi omwe amasungirako ayenera kupezeka kuti mpweya uwuluke pakati pawo. Mabokosi akhoza kuikidwa pazitali zonse za chipinda. Mukasungidwa m'matumba ndi kuchuluka, kutalika kwa mbatata kumakhala pamadalira kukula kwa tubers, komanso kuganizira za mpweya wabwino. Mbatata ya mbatata imathiridwa pamtunda wa mamita 1.7, ndipo kalasi ya zakudya imakhala pafupifupi 2.2 mamita. M'pofunika kuika mbatata m'sitolo mosamalitsa, osamala kuti asawononge tubers, zomwe zingapangitse kuti ziwonongeke ndi kuwonongeka.
Mu kugwa, chilengedwe chimayamika chifukwa cha ntchito ya masika ndi chilimwe ndipo, pofuna kudzipangira yekha kanthawi pang'ono ndi zokolola zake, ndi zothandiza kudziwa kusunga kaloti, mavwende, maungu, beets, nkhaka, anyezi, chimanga, ndi adyo.
Mu dzenje
Iyi ndi njira yatsopano yosungiramo zokolola, koma, komabe, nthawi zambiri imakhala ikuchitidwa, mwachitsanzo, m'nyumba zachilimwe. Komabe, kupeza tsiku ndi tsiku kwa mbatata kusungidwa mwanjira imeneyi kuli kovuta. Tidzadziwa momwe tingasunge mbatata m'thumba. 
Sitima yosungira katundu ili ndi zotsatirazi: m'munda kapena pamalo ena abwino, muyenera kukumba dzenje la mamita awiri ndi 1.5 mamita mozama. Pansi pa dzenjeli liyenera kupangidwa ndi udzu wouma 30-40 masentimita, osapitirira. Ndiye mbatata imatsanuliridwa mu yosungirako, koma osati pamwamba, muyenera kuchoka pafupifupi masentimita 40 kuti mupange pamwamba pa udzu. Pambuyo poika udzu wokwera pamwamba, dzenje liri lotsekedwa mwamphamvu pamwamba pa bolodi lomwe liri ndi nthaka mpaka 80 masentimita. Ndikoyenera kupanga mapenje a mpweya wabwino mumenje, ngakhale izi siziri zofunikira.
Pa khonde
Ngati palibe malo osungiramo mbatata kupatula m'nyumba yake, malo abwino omwe ali ndi khonde, ngati, ndithudi, khonde ili lolimba ndi lotsekedwa. Pankhaniyi, tubers ndi bwino kusungidwa mabokosi.
Pamene mukusunga mbatata, zizindikiro za mbewu zosiyanasiyana ndizopadera, kotero ndikofunikira kudziŵa mtundu wa mbatata womwe mudzakhala nawo - Kiwi, Gala, Rosara, Bwino, Anna Koroleva, Golubizna, Adretta, Zhukovskaya Oyambirira, Rocco, Ilinskaya, Nevskaya, Slavyanka.Kusungirako m'dayidi kumasonyeza zinthu ziwiri.: Pachiyambi choyamba, mungagwiritse ntchito bokosi laling'ono la masamba. M'chiwiri, chidebe chonse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe kutentha kumapangidwira.
Kusungirako mumabokosi ambiri sikumapereka zipangizo zina ndi zina. Ikani mbatata mumabokosi omwe ali ndi nsalu pamwamba. Kusungirako koteroko kungathe kupirira kutentha mpaka -10 ° C. M'madera ozungulira komanso khonde lotsekedwa, mbatata ikhoza kusungidwa m'matumba, kufalitsa mafuta pansi pa iwo, kuti asafalikire dothi, ndi kuphimba matumbawa ndi nsalu. 
Kuti nyengo yowopsa kwambiri, njira yachiwiri ndi yabwino. Izi zimafuna zojambula ziwiri zopangidwa ndi bolodi, plywood kapena chipinda. Ayenera kuchitirana ndalama monga matryoshka. Bokosi laling'ono limagwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika monga chipinda chosungiramo ma tubers. Bokosi lalikulu likugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipinda chosungira mafuta.
Pakati pa makoma ndi pansi pa mabokosi ayenera kukhala kusiyana kwa masentimita asanu, omwe ali ndi thovu. Chophimba ichi chiyenera kutsekedwa ndi chivindikiro. Mbali yakunja ya nyumbayi imakhala ndi linoleum kapena zinthu zina zopanda chinyezi, mwachitsanzo, pulasitiki kapena chitsulo chosungunuka.
Ndipo potsiriza: kuti asunge kutentha kwasungidwe kosungirako, mababu awiri a 25-25 watt amaikidwa ngati Kutentha zinthu. Zimaphatikizapo ndi kuzirala kolimba, ndipo ziyenera kukhala zakuda ndi chinachake chokha. Chidebecho chikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa khonde lotseguka.
M'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba
Zimakhulupirira kuti ndibwino kusunga mbatata m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba - njira iyi imadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa yogwira mtima kwambiri. Kukonzekera m'chipinda chapansi panthaka kuti mulandire zokolola, m'pofunika, choyamba, kuti chiyeretsedwe ku zinyalala. Ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyamwa bwino: ma kilogalamu awiri a mandimu ndi 200 magalamu a sulphate amaphatikizidwa ku khumi malita a madzi, izi zonse ziyenera kusakanizidwa bwino ndipo makoma ndi denga zikhale zoyera ndi zotsatira zake.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sakonzedwa, mbeu yosungidwa ikhoza kugwidwa ndi njenjete ya mbatata, mphutsi zomwe zimawononga tubers. Kuwonjezera apo, chiopsezo cha matenda a fungal wa mbatata chidzawonjezeka kwambiri.Pafupifupi sabata kamodzi, pamene kuyera kwayera kudzakhazikika mwathunthu, muyenera kuyang'ana malowa ndi kukonza mavuto onse, ngati alipo. Kenaka, kudzikhazikitsa yokha yosungirako malo a mbatata. Zikhoza kukhala pobisala, kapena masamulo a matumba omwe sagwirizana ndi pansi ndi makoma, kapena amapangidwa ndi mabini. Mphepete mwa dongosololi sayenera kugwira pansi ndi makoma. Payenera kukhala kusiyana pakati pa mapuritsi kuti apititse patsogolo mpweya wabwino. Sakanizani pansi ndi mchenga kapena udzu.
M'chipinda chapansi
Mbatata imasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi mofanana monga m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba. Pakuti bwino kuteteza tubers amafuna chimodzimodzi njereza. Koma, popeza chipinda chapansi chimakhala chosiyana ndi chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, m'pofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa chinyezi cha 70-80% ndi kutentha kwa + 3-5 ° C. Ndikofunika kutetezera mbewu yosungidwa kuchokera kulikonse, chifukwa chakuti nthawi yayitali imatulutsa solanine m'matenda a mbatata, ndiye chifukwa chake amasanduka wobiriwira.
Mitundu yamakina yosungirako mbatata yosungirako
Mbatata yokololedwa ikhoza kusungidwa mochuluka, koma zida zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posungirako. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa chikwama ndi thumba, lamba kapena mauna. Mtundu wotsirizawu ndi wabwino, chifukwa umapereka mpweya wabwino.
Mabokosi, matabwa ndi mapulasitiki, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti asungidwe. Mabokosi amenewa, monga lamulo, apangidwa pafupifupi 10 makilogalamu a mbatata. Mitengoyo imapangidwa ndi slats; zimapangidwira pamakoma ndi pansi kuti pakhale mpweya wokwanira komanso kuyang'anira pa katundu. Mabokosi apulasitiki, makoma ndi pansi zimapangidwa ndi matope a cholinga chomwecho. Nthawi zina, pakhomo la pakhomo, mugwiritseni ntchito mabokosi a meshiti ziwiri.
Kuwonjezera pa mabokosi osungirako, zida zazikulu zopangidwa ndi slats zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusungirako. Iwo akhoza kukhala amphindi kapena angular. M'munsi mwa timakiti ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono timene timakhala ndi pakhomo.
Zamakono zamakono sizinadutse gawo lochepa kwambiri monga kusungirako mbatata. Pakalipano, pazinthu izi, ogula amaperekedwa mtundu wa mini-cellar, wotchedwa zotengera zamatentheni kapena uvuni. Zida zoterezi zimagwidwa ndi magetsi, zimakhala ndi kutentha kwake, zomwe munthu angagwiritse ntchito.
Mphamvu ya kanyumba kakang'ono kameneka kawirikawiri ndi 200-300 malita. Zitha kukhala zolimba komanso zosasinthika, kuchokera ku nsalu yapadera. Flexible ndi zabwino chifukwa m'chilimwe iwo amangoyamba kunja ndi kutuluka pamaso mpaka autumn.
Malamulo oyambirira kusunga mbatata
Pofuna kuteteza mbeu ya mbatata, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, tizirombo tomwe timakolola tiyenera kuuma ndi kuvulazidwa, ndipo ziphuphu ziyenera kukhala ndi zofunikira zina. Ndibwino kusunga tubers m'makina 10-15 makilogalamu, momwe mungatetezere mbewu, mungathe kuika mchere wa beets (kutetezera ku chinyezi) pamwamba pa mbatata. Pochepetsa kuchepa kwa ma tubers, amamanga maapulo, ena ochepa pa bokosi.
Choncho, pokonzekera kusungirako mbatata yokha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungirako mbatata ndikutsata malamulo ena, kusungidwa kwa zokolola kudzatsimikiziridwa.
