Aliyense wamaluwa wamaluwa omwe amamera tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha amayang'aniridwa ndi matenda awo. Koma, mwatsoka, ambiri sadziwa momwe angadziwire bwinobwino matenda ndi zilonda, ndiyeno nkuchita chithandizo chabwino. M'nkhani ino tiona mavuto omwe amapezeka, komanso njira zothetsera mavuto.
Kuthamanga Tomato
Ndipotu, maonekedwe a ming'alu pa phwetekere si chizindikiro cha matenda, koma zotsatira za kukula bwino masamba. Komabe, kuphulika kwa zipatso ndi matenda ofala a tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kupyolera mu ming'aluyi, mavitamini ndi bowa zimalowetsa mmera. Zomwe zimayambitsa:
- kutenthedwa kwa masamba,
- kuthirira madzi ochulukirapo mobwerezabwereza.
- Kuthamanga kwa nthaka youma pamene madzi amachulukitsa mkati mkati mwa masamba, ndipo imatuluka;
- Zowonjezera pa kulimbana ndi chitsamba;
- kusowa kwa zakudya, chizindikiro cha chikasu ndi kufa kwa masamba;
- overdose wa feteleza, makamaka nitrogenous.
Ndikofunikira! Zambiri za feteleza ziyenera kuchepetsedwa nthawi zonse ndi madzi molingana ndi malangizo olemba.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda amenewa, tomato, makamaka omwe amakula m'mabotchi a polycarbonate, Onani malangizo otsatirawa:- Sankhani mitundu yodzichepetsa kuti imwe madzi.
- Tetezani tchire ku dzuwa lotenthedwa ndi galasi lofalitsidwa, kuponyedwa pa wowonjezera kutentha, kapena laimu odzola, kuwaphimba ndi mbali yamkati ya galasi.
- Onetsetsani kufanana kwa madzi okwanira, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kucha kwa masamba. Nthawi zonse zimadalira chinyezi cha nthaka, chomwe chimakhalapo chifukwa cha nyengo. Kutentha, madzi m'mawa kapena madzulo, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira ndi bwino kumwa madzi madzulo.
- Sungani maluwa anu "otentha" nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yozizira, kupanga zolembera pamasiku otetezeka, kapena kutsegula kokha kamodzi ka "leeward" pamasiku a mphepo.
Matenda a fungal
Alendo osaitanidwa kawirikawiri kumalo obiriwira kumene tomato amakula ndi bowa, ndipo kulimbana ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kumafuna njira yowonongeka.
Pofuna kuteteza tomato ku matenda, amagwiritsa ntchito fungicides: Kvadris, Ridomil Gold, Thanos, Tiovit Jet, Strobe, Fitolavin, Skor, Acrobat MC, Ordan, Previkur Energy "," Antrakol "," Fitosporin-M ", Readzol".
Kawirikawiri spores za bowa zimaloŵa mu mabala kapena kumalo otsekemera a masamba, nthawi yomweyo amawawombera. Izi zimathandizanso kuti mukhale ochuluka kwambiri.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa
Kuwonongeka kwanthawi yayitali ndi matenda omwe amafala kwambiri. Kutentha kwamtambo ndi kutentha kumapangitsa kuti zichitike.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito wowonjezera kutentha opangidwa ndi polycarbonate kuchokera ku phytophthora.
Zizindikiro za vuto lochedwa:
- maonekedwe a mawanga wakuda kapena a bulauni ndi maluwa otchedwa arachnoid, omwe amathamangira msanga tsamba lonse, pambuyo pake limauma ndi kufa;
- maonekedwe a mawanga pa zipatso.
Mukudziwa? Botanists amapanga tomato monga zipatso, ndipo kuphika molakwika amaona ngati masamba.Kupewa Matenda: kuthirira mosamala pansi pa mizu (ndizotheka kupyolera mu mabotolo a PET ndi kudula pansi ndi kumbali, kutseka pafupi ndi zimayambira), kupopera mlungu uliwonse ndi seramu wa mkaka wa ng'ombe kapena zinyama zosakaniza.
Grey kuvunda
Zinthu chifukwa cha chitukuko - ozizira mvula nyengo, osauka wowonjezera kutentha mpweya wabwino.
Zizindikiro:
- Kupanga mawanga a imvi pa masamba ndi maluwa;
- Mawanga amakhala ouma, kenako lizlye, mu maola ambiri (nthawi zambiri usiku) amagwiritsa ntchito chitsamba chonse ngati mawonekedwe a imvi.
Zilondazo ndi mabala osiyanasiyana. 
Kupewa matenda:
- kusungira kutentha mu "munda wotsekedwa", komanso kuthamanga kwake kuti kuchepetse mlengalenga ndi nthaka;
- Kulima kulima kowuma, kumakhala kozizira m'mawa, kotero kuti mabalawo amachiritsidwa usiku.
Ndikofunikira! Kumbukirani kuti spores zakuda zowonongeka zimakhala zogwirizana ndi nyengo (!) Zaka.
Brown malo
Zizindikiro za cladosporia (yotchedwa brown spotting) zimawoneka pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, mawanga achikasu amawonekera kumtunda kwa masamba, omwe akukula, akuphatikizidwira pamalo amodzi; Mbali ya m'munsi ya masamba imadzazidwa ndi bulauni, velvet, spores ya bowa.
Ndondomekoyo imathera ndi kupota ndi kuyanika. Matendawa amapezeka panthawi ya maluwa a tomato (makamaka ngati akukula mu wowonjezera kutentha) kapena kupangidwa kwa ovary ndi kufalikira kuchokera pansi.
Matenda oyambirira ndi oopsa kwambiri, popeza maola ambiri a masana ndi kutentha kwapamwamba, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa achinyamata, zimathandizira kukula kwa bowa. Mavitamini pawokha sakhudzidwa kawirikawiri, koma ngati izi zichitika, zimakhalanso zofiira ndi zofewa, pang'onopang'ono zowuma.
Ndikofunikira! Anthu othamanga kwambiri a Brown: dampness, lakuthwa kwa kutentha, kuphatikizapo kuthirira madzi ozizira kwambiri.Chithandizo:
- Musanayambe kuchiza, chotsani masamba omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuwaza (makamaka m'munsi mwa chitsamba) ndi mankhwala abwino a mkaka ndi ayodini (madontho 15 a ayodini ndi magalasi awiri a mkaka pa theka la chidebe cha madzi);
- kupopera mbewu ndi kuthirira nthaka ndi ayodini chloride yankho (madontho 40 a ayodini ndi supuni ziwiri za potaziyamu kloride pa ndowa yamadzi);
- kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides wambiri kapena mkuwa sulfate yankho.
Kulimbana ndi matenda:
- nthawi zonse, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa a tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi wotumbululuka pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi phulusa decoction (magalasi awiri a phulusa pa chidebe cha madzi);
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi ofooka njira (1:10) ya whey.
Fusarium
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa matenda a tsamba la phwetekere lomwe limalimidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Nkhumba zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimatenthedwa ndi kutentha, makamaka ngati mbande zimafooka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nthaka, ndipo nthawi yamvula ndi yotentha imakhala yovuta nthawi yausiku. Kutentha mopitirira muyeso, "kupatsa" kotentha, kuwonjezeka kwa dothi la nthaka kapena, kusakwanira, kuthira madzi okwanira, mausiku ambiri, ndi kuwala kosauka kwa wowonjezera kutentha kumathandizanso kubzala.
Zizindikiro za Fusarium Wilt:
- Kusintha kwazomwe zimayambira;
- kutentha, kuyanika, ndi kutha kwachangu kwa masamba ochepa;
- kupukuta chitsamba chonse.
Mwamwayi, ngati masamba akukhudzidwa ndi Fusarium, sizingatheke kuchiza, popeza bowa limayamba mkati mwake. Zimangokhala kuti zithetse chitsamba ndi kutentha.Fusarium Prevention:
- mop-up mu kugwa;
- Kulima kwakukulu ndi kusuta malo a nthaka musanafesa kapena kubzala;
- mbewu zoteteza matenda osokoneza bongo ndi fungicides;
- kugwedeza ndi chida choyera;
- nthawi zonse hilling
Macroscopic
Macrosporia ndi yofiira kapena yowuma youma yomwe imakhudza masamba ndi zimayambira, ndipo nthawi zina chipatso. Chimafalikira kuchokera kumunsi pansi: mawanga a bulawuni amawoneka pa masamba, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono ndikuphatikizana, kenako masamba amauma. Pa tsinde, mawanga oterewa amachititsa kuvunda ndikufalikira.
Pa chipatso, kawirikawiri tsinde, pali mdima wakuda, pamwamba pake pamapanga velvet yakuda - spores ya bowa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitukukocho chizikula: kutentha (+ 25 ... +30 ° C) ndi kutentha kwambiri. Spores apitirirabe pa zotsalira za zomera ndi muzitsulo za chipinda ndikufalikira ndi mphepo ndi madontho a condensate.
Mukudziwa? Msuzi wopangidwa kuchokera ku zotsalira za phwetekere zimayambira ndi poizoni kwa tizilombo, tizilombo to mbeu zina. Mwachitsanzo, ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikumwaza mitengo ya zipatso yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, idzachira mwamsanga. Imeneyi ndi njira yabwino komanso yotsika mtengo kwa kulowetsedwa kwa fodya.
Kupewa: - kupeweratu kusinthana kwa mbeu asanafesedwe;
- pamaso pa mazira ambiri, chithandizo cha tchire ndi mkuwa-munali fungicides;
- kusinthana kwa mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha, komwe sikuyenera kutenga gawo la solanaceous ndi kabichi;
- kuwonongedwa kwathunthu kwa zotsalira za zomera;
- feteleza ndi fetashi feteleza.
Chithandizo: musanayambe fruiting - mankhwala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, komanso m'nthaŵi zam'tsogolo - ndi kukonzekera kwachilengedwe. Kupopera mbewu kumapitidwa pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse katatu pa nyengo.
Alternaria
Matendawa amadziwika ngati ouma, obiriwira (kapena wakuda) malo ofiira pa masamba ndi zimayambira, zomwe zimakhala ndi maolivi, ndipo zimatha kufa.
Bowa, m'nyengo yozizira mobisa pa zowonongeka za mbeu kapena pa mbewu, zimalowetsa mkati mwachangu m'katikati mwa nyengo ndikuzizira mkati mwa mwanayo nthawi yonseyo, kutembenuza mutu wake kukhala prellum.
Ndikofunikira! Zomwe zimayambitsa Alternaria: nyengo yozizira ndi kuwonongeka kwapangidwe komwe kunayambitsa panthawi ya chithandizo, komanso kupezeka kwa matenda ena.
Kulimbana ndi Alternaria:- kukumba kwa nthaka mu kugwa;
- kupeweratu kusinthana kwa mbeu asanafesedwe;
- kuzindikira nthawi yoyenera ya zizindikiro kumayambiriro kwa kukula ndi kupopera mbewu za fungicides katatu pa mwezi;
- chiwonongeko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (cicadas, nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba, etc.);
- pa nthawi yokolola chiwonongeko cha zitsanzo zomwe zakhudzidwa.
Vuto Lotembenuka
- Matendawa si matenda opatsirana. Izi ndi matenda a thupi omwe amachitidwa ndi chisamaliro chosasamala: kuthirira molakwika;
- kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula, kusowa kwa calcium (masamba, koma osati m'nthaka), chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu mu wowonjezera kutentha;
- overfeeding zomera ndi nayitrogeni.
Kuwonongeka kumakhudza zipatso zokha - zimakhala ndi thosi lakuda pansi, zomwe zimakhala madzi, zimakula kukula ndikuyamba kuvunda. Zochitika zotsirizirazo ndizoopsa chifukwa zowola zimatha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino "oyandikana naye."
Tsoka ilo, ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola sizingachiritsidwe - zimangofunika kuchotsedwa ndi kutayidwa. Koma mungathe kuletsa kuphwanya uku. 
Kupewa:
- Mukamabzala mbande, yonjezerani zitsime zosakaniza za anyezi ndi zipolopolo zowonongeka, ndipo kenako - feteleza ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi calcium (yaiwisi, phulusa, etc.) kapena chemistry (calcium nitrate);
- kupopera mbewu za ovary ndi zosapsa ndi 1% calcium nitrate njira;
- kupanga tizilombo tomwe timapanga madzi otentha, kutentha kwa nthaka, kusowa kwa condensation ndi kupeza mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse.
Mizu yovunda
Nkhumba zomwe zimayambitsa zowola - zowononga mizu ndi zitsime zazing'ono, zimalowa m'nthaka ndikukula mofulumira ndi madzi okwanira. Muzolima zosawerengeka, matendawa amatha kuchokera kumera ndikukula mu kukula kwa mbeu.
Ndi mizu yowola zowonongeka (blackening) ndi kusintha kwa maonekedwe a mizu ndi makosi awo (zokutira "velvet" zoyera), komanso kuwonongeka kwawo ndi kuphulika, zimawonedwa. Zimamera, mbendera imapezeka pansi pa masamba a masamba, ndipo mu mbande zakale, pansi pa masamba oyambirira owona, tsinde limalira modzidzimutsa pansi, chifukwa muzuwo sukumera mizu yotsatira.
Ngati mizu yayamba kale, chitsamba chiyenera kuchotsedwa pamodzi ndi clod - sizingatheke kuchiza matendawa. 
Chenjezo la Rot Rotation:
- nthaka;
- kusakanikirana kwa mbeu;
- Kuvala mbewu asanafesedwe;
- kutsata ulamuliro wothirira (nthaka yokha ndi youma);
- kusakaniza fungicide;
- madzi a nthaka ndi aeration.
Viral
Za zilonda zamtunduwu zomwe zimakhudza tomato wamkulu mu wowonjezera kutentha, ziyenera kudziwika kuti fodya ndi zovuta.
Mosaic
Pamene kachilombo ka fodya kali ndi kachilomboka, masamba a ndiwo zamasamba amakhala "ojambula" muzithunzi zobiriwira. Nthaŵi zina, mawanga achikasu amapezeka pa chipatsocho. Kukula kwa chitsamba kumachepetsanso, masambawo amanjenjemera ndi kupindika. Kubzala masamba n'kotheka, koma sizowona.
Ndikofunikira! Zinthu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimayendera fodya: kufesa mbeu; Kukhala ndi wowonjezera kutentha kwa miyambo, nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi tizilombo tina, odwala matenda; Kuwonongeka kwa makina ku mizu ndi zimayambira chifukwa chosasamala za zomera.Mwamwayi, mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tomato sanakonzedwe, choncho amangotenga kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera pabedi ndi kuchiwotcha. Ndipo kupeŵa vutoli, muyenera kumuchenjeza.
Njira zolimbana ndi matenda a tizilombo a phwetekere pamene akulima mu wowonjezera kutentha:
- kuperewera kwa mbeu, komanso zipangizo zolima;
- kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo, otengera matenda;
- wowonjezera kutentha disinfection (autumn kapena kasupe);
- Kuwonongeka kwa zotsalira zamasamba mutatha kukolola, kulima kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwa nthaka mumtunda, musanabzala.
Phwetekere strick
Strick amakhudza kumtunda kwa chitsamba, kudziwonetsera wokha ngati mawonekedwe a bulauni, omwe pamapeto pake amauma. Ma petioles amakhala ofooka, ndipo zipatso zimadzaza ndi mizere yosaoneka bwino. Ndi zotupa zazikulu zimatulutsa, ndipo masambawo amatha ndi kugwa; tchire tikuponderezedwa ndipo tikhoza kufa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi zofanana ndi zojambulajambula: kuyamwa tizilombo, nthata komanso chida chodetsedwa. Ndizosatheka kuti tipeze streak komabe - mungathe kuchotsa tchire. 
Kupewa matenda:
- kuchotsa udzu;
- kuwonongeka kwa tizirombo tizilombo (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda);
- kusunga kutentha kwachangu ndi chinyezi, kupiritsa mavitamini mbeu asanayambe kubzala, komanso chida cholima, chaka chotsatira pamwamba pa nthaka (ndi bayonet);
- kupopera mbewuzo ndi njira ya boric acid masiku angapo musanadzalemo, komanso kuthirira nthaka ndi 2% ya potassium permanganate.
Kupewa ndi njira yabwino yopewera matenda a mbande ya tomato, ndipo mankhwalawa sangafunike. Kungoganiza mozama musanadzale tomato ndi kusamalira mwanzeru nyengo yonseyi, ziwalola kuti akhalebe ndi thanzi labwino komanso kukolola kukolola.
