Mphesa ndi mabulosi okoma kwambiri, pafupifupi onse wamaluwa amakula. Nthawi zina mitundu zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zovuta kusankha.
Ngati mukufuna kudya zipatso zabwino zoyambirira, samverani mphesa. Mu nkhani yathu tidzakambirana za mphesa Zest, fotokozani zosiyanasiyana.
Mbiri yobereka
Zosiyanasiyana zinapezeka chifukwa cha ntchito ya ogwira ntchito ku Ukrainian Grape Institute "Magarach". Iye anali chifukwa cha kudutsa Chaush ndi Kadinali mitundu. Dzina lake la sayansi ndi XVII-241.
Ndikofunikira! M'chaka choyamba mutabzala kudulira simulangizidwa - chomeracho chiyenera kukhazikika ndi kusintha.Dzina la zosiyana sizinali mwangozi. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi nthawi yayitali ya zipatso za kuthengo, sizinapitirire-kuphuka ndi kuvunda: zimakhala pang'ono ndikufanana ndi mphesa zowoneka.
Mphesa zambiri zimakula Moldova, Ukraine ndi kumwera kwa Russia. Mvula yozizira imakhala yabwino kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira muyenera kumakhala mobisa. 
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Mitundu iliyonse ya mphesa ili ndi makhalidwe ake, maonekedwe osiyana. Talingalirani tsatanetsatane wa zochititsa chidwi.
Mitengo
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi zitsamba zazikulu zomwe zimapsa. Masambawo ndi aakulu, obiriwira. Malinga ndi ntchito, zitsamba zili ndi maluwa.
Mabungwe
Mitunduyi imakhala ndi masamu a sing'anga, kulemera kwake kumatha kufika 800 g, koma nthawi zambiri ndi 400-600 g. Zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulu, zimakhala zofiira, zimakhala ndi zofiira, kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi ndi 10-12 g. Mukamalira, mumatha kumva kuphulika kwa zamkati. Lili ndi madzi ambiri. Mitunduyi ili ndi zokoma zokoma za mphesa. Chiwerengero cha shuga mu madzi ndi 16-18%.
Kufuna kukulitsa zakudya zanu ndi mphesa zokoma, muyenera kumvetsera maonekedwe a tebulo - Bazhen, Kusintha, Kakombo wa Chigwa, Augustine, Ruslan, Sphinx, Mfumu, Kukumbukira Negrulya, Talisman, Gala, Bagrovy, Harold, Arcadia.
Zizindikiro za mphesa
Timapereka chidziwitso cha zikuluzikulu za zosiyanasiyana.
Pereka
Ngati mwasankha kubzala mphesa pamtunda, konzekerani kuti mutha kukolola mbewu yoyamba kokha zaka 3-4.
Mukudziwa? Mphesa zili ndi zofanana zomwe zimakhala ndi mkaka.Chaka chilichonse kuchuluka kwa zokolola kudzawonjezeka. Poyamba, chitsamba chimodzi chidzabala 2-3 makilogalamu a zipatso, koma patapita zaka zingapo, kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro cha mbeu, mudzatha kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 7-8 kuchokera ku chitsamba.
Nthawi yogonana
Kupsa kwa mphesa kumayamba 100-115 patapita masiku buds pachimake. Pafupi nyengo iyi imakhala pachiyambi cha August.
Zima hardiness
Maphunziro a Raisin samasiyana kwambiri ndi chisanu. Imayima kutentha osati kuchepa kuposa -15 ° C. Chofunika kwambiri kuti tchire likhale ndi moyo nthawi yozizira ndi malo awo okhala.
Kubzala malamulo mbande
Ndikofunika kudzala mbande pamene nyengo yozizira imakhazikitsidwa ndipo dothi limatha mpaka 10-15 ° С. Sankhani malo omwe ali ndi zakudya zambiri komanso mchere wambiri, nthaka yosafunika siidzakhala yabwino kwa Raisin.
Podzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'nthaka yotere, masambawo adzakhala ochepa mu kukula, zipatso sizidzatha. Musanadzalemo ndi cuttings, iwo amawathira muzu-kupanga njira.
Ndikofunikira! Musati mubzala mphesa pafupi ndi nyumbayi - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikufunika kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo nyumba iliyonse imaletsa kuwala.Mtunda wa pakati pa mbande uyenera kukhala mamita 3.5-4, chifukwa zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zolimba. Pa mtunda uwu, mphukira ndi mizu ikhoza kukula bwino. Ngati mphesa zimabzalidwa m'mizere, mtunda wa pakati pawo uyenera kukhala mamita 5-6.
Kubzala mutatha, chithandizo chimayikidwa chomwe chidzalola mphukira kukula mu njira yolondola ndikuyamba mwaulere.
Zosamalira
Monga mbewu iliyonse, mphesa zimafuna chisamaliro chapadera. Ganizirani zomwe muyenera kuchita.
Kuthirira
Kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi, m'pofunika kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi. Kuthirira kumachitika nthawi 4-5. Choyamba chiyenera kuchitika kumapeto, monga chisanu chidzagwa. Nthaŵi yachiwiri yoweta nthaka ndi masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri asanafike mphesa.
Pakati pa maluwa, kuthirira sizingatheke, chifukwa maluwa akhoza kugwa, zokolola zidzakhala zochepa. Nthawi yachitatu kuti amwe madziwo ndi pambuyo pa zipatsozo. Kuthira kwachinayi kumachitika mutatha kukolola zipatso. Pa chitsamba chimodzi mumafunikira madzi okwanira 10 malita. Kudiririra bwino kumachitika madzulo. 
Kupaka pamwamba
Kudyetsa n'kofunika kuti uchite 3-4 nthawi ya nyengo yonse yokula. Zogwira ntchito ndizogwiritsa ntchito mineral substances zomwe ziyenera kupangidwa pansi pa tchire. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ponseponse mumawonekedwe owuma ndi kusungunuka m'madzi.
Mukudziwa? Mphesa yamphesa imakhala pafupi masentimita 80,000 mamita. km kudutsa pa dziko lapansi, zomwe 71 peresenti ya mbeuyo imapanga kupanga vinyo.Nthawi yoyamba iyenera kukhala yovala pamwamba patatha mphukira, yachiwiri - isanayambe nyengo ya maluwa, yachitatu - pamene zipatso zimapangidwa, lachinayi - zitatha masambawo.
Kudulira
Kudulira ayenera kuchitika m'chaka, ndi kufunika kuchoka pa mphukira 10-12 masamba. Pa chitsamba chimodzi sayenera kukhala oposa 40-45 maso. Kudulira kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito secator.
Pogona m'nyengo yozizira
Pamene kalasi sikasiyana mosiyana ndi kuzizira kwachisanu, izi ziyenera kubisika nthawi yachisanu. Pa izi, dziko lapansi kapena filimu ya pulasitiki idzachita. Choyamba, tchire ayenera kuthiriridwa. Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito malo ogona, ndibwino kuti mutsegulire tchire ndikuwatsitsira pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kumene kuli koyenera kufalitsa filimuyo. Pambuyo pake, tchire amawaza ndi nthaka.
Ngati mwasankha kugwiritsa ntchito polyethylene malo ogona, muyenera kuyika zitsulo pazitsamba ndi kutambasula zinthu kuchokera pamwamba. Ikani njerwa kapena miyala pambali pa filimuyi. Mapeto a dongosololi sayenera kutsekedwa asanafike nyengo yoziziritsa - izi ndizofunika kuti ziwombe.
Matenda ndi tizilombo tokoma
Mwamwayi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imayambira matenda ndipo ingakhudzidwe ndi tizirombo tina.
Zina mwa matenda wamba a Zest:
- mtundu;
- khansa ya bakiteriya;
- imvi zowola;
- oidium;
- chiwonetsero;
- escoriosis
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala sikuletsedwa kuchitika nthawi ya maluwa - ikhoza kuwononga inflorescences ndikukuletsani inu zokolola.Mphesa zimayambitsidwa ndi tizirombo:
- mphesa;
- kangaude;
- phylloxera
Zindikirani kupezeka khansa ya bakiteriya Zingakhale pamalo pomwe mpesa kapena mphukira zawonongeka. Chizindikiro chake ndi kukula kwakukulu kwabubu. Choyambitsa ndi matenda, omwe amayamba kulonda. Patapita kanthawi, imfa ya mphukira pamwamba pa chilonda idzachitika, yomwe, ngati iyalidwa, ikhoza kupha imfa yonseyo.Ngati kukula kunangoonekera, iyenera kuchotsedwa ndipo bala lichitiridwa ndi mapulani apadera. Ngati matendawa ayamba kale, chitsambacho chichotsedwa ndi kutenthedwa. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kudzala baka m'malo ano kwa zaka zitatu.
Kawirikawiri pa kalasi angapezeke imvi zowola. Cholinga chake ndi zipatso ndi inflorescences. Kuthetsa mankhwala osakaniza soda kumathandiza kulimbana ndi mliriwu. Zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuwonongedwa.
Ngati mungazindikire mphesa oidium, mwamsanga mukufunika kuyendetsa zomera ndi sulfure powder kapena yankho. Chithandizo choterocho chikhoza kuchitidwa ngati njira yothetsera.
Kawirikawiri pa chomeracho mumatha kuwona chibvundi - mdima wakuda pa masamba. Patapita kanthawi, amayamba kuoneka pa zimayambira ndi zipatso, zomwe zimawatsogolera ku imfa ya chitsamba chonse. Pofuna kusunga munda wamphesa ku matendawa, nkofunika nthawi ndi nthawi kudyetsa, kusamalira masamba ndi yankho la manganese, kuti asamalidwe bwino.
Mukudziwa? Gulu lamtengo wapatali kwambiri la mphesa, lolemera 700 g, linagulitsidwa pamsika wogulitsa ku Japan mu 2015 kwa $ 8,200. Zinali zachiroma za mtundu wa ruby, mabulosi amodzi omwe amayeza ngati mpira wa ping-pong.Escoriosis Amatha kugonjetsa chomeracho ndipo amadziwika ndi mawanga wakuda pa zimayambira ndi masamba. Ndikofunika kuchotsa malo omwe ali ndi matenda ndikupanga mphesa mothandizidwa ndi mapulani apadera.
Kupyolera mwa kuyang'ana kwa nthawi ndi nthawi za zomera, mungathe kuona mosavuta mphesa kapena kangaude. Pamene tizilombo timene timayambira masamba ndi mdima amaoneka pa masamba. Kugonjetsa tizirombo ndi kuchiza munda wamphesa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala a acaricidal. Pakuti njira zoteteza, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa adyo infusions.Zosagwirizana, koma zikuchitikabe phylloxera. Akamenyana ndi mizuyi, sizidzatheka kuteteza chitsamba - chiyenera kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Ngati tizilombo timayambitsa masamba, nkofunika kuti tipeze tchire ndi zokonzekera.
Komanso mphesa zimatha kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, cicadas, mealybug, njenjete, njenjete za migodi, skosar, smoky moth, ululu, mphesa zamphesa.
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa zosiyanasiyana
Ganizirani ubwino ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Ubwino wa mphesa Zest ndi awa:
- magulu akuluakulu;
- luso lokolola pang'onopang'ono;
- mawonekedwe okongola odabwitsa a zipatso;
- kukoma kokoma kwa chipatso.
- kusowa kozizira;
- nthaka yofunikira;
- kusowa kukana matenda ambiri.
