Momwe mungasamalire ndikukula belu yodzaza

Belu yodzaza ndi imodzi mwa maluwa okondedwa kwambiri a wamaluwa, mawonekedwe ake omwe amafanana ndi bouquets a mabelu ang'onoang'ono akuima pa miyendo yosiyana. Monga mbewu zamasamba, maluwa osakhwima ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso zosiyanasiyana. M'nkhani ino, tikambirana momwe munda wamakono uliri, momwe ungamerekere kunyumba ndikugwiritsira ntchito popanga malo.

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Mabelu ali ochuluka (mu Latin Campanula glomerata) ali ndi dzina lina - mabelu ndi magulu a dziko. Chomera cha mtundu wa Bell ndi wa m'banja Kolokolchikovyh.

Banja la Kolokolchikov limaphatikizapo zomera ngati bell lofera, lobelia ampelous, campanula, peachy bello, trachelium, ndi platicodone.

Zili ndipakati pa 20 mpaka 100 centimita pamwamba, zodzaza ndi silvery, nthawi zina, zofiira kapena zobiriwira.

Masamba ovoid kapena oblong-lanceolate. Maluwa chofiirira, buluu, chofiirira choyera kapena choyera, mpaka masentimita atatu m'litali, chosonkhanitsidwa pamphepete mwachitsulo pamwamba pake.

Mabelu ochulukana ndi osatha, amayamba maluwa kuyambira pachiyambi cha chilimwe ndi kumapeto kwa theka la mwezi wa September. Chikhalidwe sichimafuna kuti chisamalire, chosagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo, sichimvetsetsa kutentha kwapansi ndipo chimatha kulekerera kuchepa kwa kanthawi kochepa.

Mankhwala ochiritsira a maluwa awa amadziwika, motero mankhwala ochiritsira amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga odana ndi kutupa, kupweteka komanso kupweteka kwa mutu, kupweteka kwa pakamwa ndi mmero, komanso mawu omveka.

Phunzirani momwe mutu umalangizira kugwiritsa ntchito periwinkle, catnip, brahma therere, linden, ginger, bluebush, peppermint, motherwort therere.

Kufalitsa ndi malo

Pansi pa chilengedwe, maluŵa amakula paliponse: m'nkhalango glades, m'munda komanso m'mphepete mwa maulendo. Madera a maluwa amenewa ndi madera akuluakulu: kuchokera ku dziko la Iran kupita ku Japan, komanso ku Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa America.

Mukudziwa? Nthano yakale ya ku Russia imanena kuti maluwa a mabeluwo anawonekera chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa nyimbo za madalaivala ndi chime cha mabelu ang'onoang'ono pa akavalo otengedwa mu magalimoto. Malo onse a midzi adalengezedwa ndi ziwomveka izi, ndipo pamene zidazo zidagwa pansi, maluwa okhwimawa adakula.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya belu yodzaza

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya belu yochuluka yomwe alimi amakonda kuyigwiritsa ntchito popanga maonekedwe, amasiyana pakati pawo pazithunzi zosiyana siyana. Pansipa timapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ndi mwachidule kufotokoza zikhalidwe zawo.

"Gnome" (Campanula glomerata "Wamphongo").

Chomeracho ndi chofupika, masentimita 20 mu msinkhu, ndi masamba otukuka, omwe amawoneka mofanana ndi mtima, omwe ali ndi matt. Kuyambira tsinde masamba ambiri njira. Bell "Gnome" ili ndi maluwa ofiira a mdima wofiira, omwe amasonkhana mu milu yambiri.

Izi zosiyanasiyana zodabwitsa yozizira olimba ndi wodzichepetsa kukula. Ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Duwa limakonda laimu ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza.

Kwa zovuta zamchere feteleza monga monga "Master", "Kemira", "Sudarushka", "AgroMaster", "Plantafol", "Mortar", nitroammofoska, "Crystal".

Maluwawa ali ndi tsinde lakuya, 20-25 masentimita. White maluwa ndi lalifupi pedicels anasonkhana apical ndi axillary capitate inflorescences wa pafupifupi 20 zidutswa. Pamene inflorescences akutha, mapesi akugwa ndi rosettes wa masamba oyambira.

Pamaso a rosettes akale akufa, ambiri atsopano amaoneka, ndipo maluwa amapitirira mpaka autumn. Mabelu amenewa akhoza kukula kwambiri mu flowerbeds kusiyana ndi momwe amatha kuyesa kubzala kwa maluwa ena.

Zomera zimakonda malo komwe kuli dzuwa lambiri, ndipo nthaka ya iwo iyenera kukhala yonyowa pokhala, yowala komanso yokometsedwa ndi humus ndi laimu. Belu woyera imawoneka bwino m'misakanizo, m'mapopu amaluwa ndi m'mapiri a alpine.

Carolina (Campanula glomerata Caroline).

Maluwa awa adzakhala aakulu kwambiri kuposa abale awiri apitalo, ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 60, ndi masamba omwe amamera ndi masamba. Masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe a ovate-oblong kapena ovate-lanceolate, omwe ali ndi mano pamphepete, pa tsinde amakhala okonzeka kumbali zonsezo.

Maluwawo akhoza kukhala ofiirira kapena a buluu, awirimentimentimita awiri, opangidwa ndi apical axillary capitate inflorescences akuwerengera mpaka zidutswa 20.

Maluwa imakhala kuyambira June mpaka July kwa masiku 35 malo otseguka ndi dzuwa. Mabelu "Carolina" amakonda dothi lotayirira, losavuta komanso lopangidwa ndi feteleza. Kawirikawiri amafesedwa m'magulu osakanikirana kapena kubzala m'magulu, komanso kudula.

Buluu (Campanula glomerata "Blue").

Kutalika kwa mabelu amenewa kumafika pa masentimita 30 mpaka 60. Zimakhala zolimba, zosabala kapena zapasitiki, zomwe masamba ozizira ndi osakanikirana amakula. Maluwa ooneka ngati a Bell, awirimentimenti ofiira a buluu, pamwamba pa zimayambira akuphatikizidwa kukhala inflorescences mpaka masentimita 6 m'litali, mwa mawonekedwe a mpira.

Beleu ya buluu imamera mu June ndipo imamasula kwa miyezi iwiri. Amakonda kuunikira bwino, mthunzi wovomerezeka komanso wosakondera. Nthaka ikhale yopanda ndale, yachonde komanso yothira. Chomera sichimalola kuzilumba. M'nyengo yozizira, imakhala yolimba, ku nyengo yomwe ikukula ndi nthaka - palibe madandaulo.

"Bellefleur Blue", buluu (Campanula glomerata "Bellefleur buluu") ndi "Bellefleur vayt", zoyera (Campanula glomerata "Bellefleur woyera").

Izi ndi mitundu iwiri ya mtundu umodzi wa belu wodzaza ndi inflorescences yofiira ndi ya buluu. Zimayambira zimakhala zamtalika 20 mpaka 25 mmwamba, zowoneka, zowonekera kapena zowonongeka. Pa zimayambira ndi elliptical mapepala ndi yosalala pamwamba.

Maluwawo akukonzekera mwa mawonekedwe a zamoyo zamkati. Maluwa - kuyambira June mpaka August. Kalasi - kusagwedezeka kwa chisanu, ndiyomwe ikuyenera kutuluka m'mitsuko kapena maluwa mpaka 3 malita.

Mukudziwa? Bell loyamba la mpingo linaponyedwa mumkuwa m'chaka cha 1500 m'chigawo cha Campania, ku Italy. Malinga ndi nthano, bishopu wa komweko Paulinius, akuyendayenda m'mudzi mwawo, anatchula za mabelu akukula paliponse. Ndipo zinamuwoneka kuti pamene mphepo ikuwombera iwo ananyengerera ndi kumveka phokoso. Pambuyo pake, adalamula kuti apange maluwa oyamba mkuwa.

Blue blue kapena prefab buluu "Superba" (Campanula glomerata "Superba").

Osatha ndi zimayambira 40 mpaka 60 masentimita wamtali, ndi maluwa okongola, a buluu-violet m'mimba mwake mpaka 2.5 masentimita, kupanga mapuloteni otchedwa inflorescences. Masamba ndi obiriwira, osakanikirana, osakanikirana, okhala ndi tiketi tating'ono pansipa. Nthawi yamaluwa ndi July-August.

Kuphulika kwakukulu komanso motalika. Kusakanikirana. Chomeracho chimakonda zonse zowala m'madera a mabedi, ndi mthunzi wosawerengeka. Nthaka imafuna chonde, yopanda ndale kapena yowonjezera pang'ono, ndi madzi abwino ndi chinyezi.

Mabelu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana amawoneka bwino mu miyala ya miyala, pazitsamba za Moor, mu rabatkah, komanso mu mawonekedwe ocheka. Chifukwa cha mtundu wobiriwira wabuluu amawoneka okongola m'malayala.

Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe

Chifukwa chakuti belu yonse yambiri ikukongoletsera, imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosangalala ndi zojambulajambula m'munda wamaluwa, komanso m'mapaki ndi malo a m'tawuni.

Mabelu angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsamba zilizonse zosakanikirana, chifukwa zingathe kubweretsa zowawa zogwira mtima ndi zosavuta kuzinthu zonse ndi maluwa awo okondana.

Mwachitsanzo:

• mitundu yapamwamba, monga "Carolina", "Blue", "Superba", imabzalidwa bwino pakati pa mabedi kapena kuyala, ndipo idzawoneka mochititsa chidwi pansi pa mitengo ya mitengo;
• mabelu omwe ali ang'onoang'ono (Belle Blut, Belfleur White, etc.) angagwiritsidwe ntchito mmagulu a magulu, monga mawonekedwe a malire, oikidwa pamapiri a miyala ndi m'mphepete mwa maluwa;
• ngakhale kutali kwambiri kwa munda kungakongoletsedwe ndi zomera zazitali, kupanga zobaya za chiwembucho. Zidzakhala bwino kuyang'ana kuphatikiza mabelu a mithunzi yosiyana, mwachitsanzo, zoyera ndi zakuda;
• Mapiri a Alpine ndi miyala ikuluikulu amatha kukongoletsedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, komwe kumakhala kofiira, kofiirira, kofiirira ndi buluu kumbuyo kwa miyala yokongoletsera kumapanga chisangalalo chabwino;
• m'mapangidwe a munda wamunda kapena paki, belu linaphatikizana bwino ndi "anansi" ena: stonecrop, Veronica, Zelenchuk, yasnotkoy, daisies, pansies, nivyanik ndi tirigu.

Ndikofunikira! Tawonani kuti mabelu omwe anabzala m'makona a m'munda wamtendere adzakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu, koma zomera zidzasintha patapita kanthawi.

Kukula pakhomo

Pamene kukula kwa belu kumakhala pakhomo, palibe vuto linalake, popeza maluwawa ndi odzichepetsa ndipo amatha kusintha maonekedwe a moyo. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti masamba aakulu, maluwa awo aatali komanso maonekedwe okongoletsera nthawi zonse zotentha zimadalira pa kulengedwa kwabwino kwa chikhalidwe.

Choncho, ngati muwona zonse zowononga mabelu kunyumba, zotsatira zabwino zingapezeke. Kuwonjezera apo tidzakambirana za izi zowoneka bwino.

Zomwe amangidwa

Monga tanenera, zikhalidwe zobzala munda wamundawu si zovuta.

Ndikofunikira kuti muchite izi:

• Mabelu ali okonzeka kukula m'madera otseguka, dzuwa kapena malo ochepa kwambiri;
• N'zotheka kubzala maluŵa osati pabedi, komanso m'mitsuko ya pulasitiki kapena mabotolo a malita 1 mpaka atatu;
• Maluwa amenewa amakonda kukula bwino, choncho amafunika kubzalidwa pamtunda wina ndi mzake (mtunda udzakhala pansipa);
• Ngati chomeracho chikukula kwambiri, ndiye kuti zaka zinayi zilizonse ndikufunika kugawa tchire ku delenki ndikumala chodzala, ndikuwona mtunda woyenera pakati pa zomera;
• Kumalo kumene mukupita kukabzala mabelu, pasakhale chinyezi chokhazikika. Chikhalidwechi sichimakonda kupuma kwa nthaka, choncho malo otsetsereka otsika sangakhale abwino;
• Zomera sizikonda kukhalapo kwa namsongole, choncho ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse mukhale namsongole ndikumasula nthaka;
• Ngati mutachotsa mapesi a maluwa omwe aphulika pa mabelu nthawi, mukhoza kupitiriza kukongola ndi maluwa;
• chikhalidwe chimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi frosts, choncho sichifuna malo owonjezera m'nyengo yozizira.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Maonekedwe a mabelu a nthaka sakhala ovuta kwambiri, kotero amatha kukula pa nthaka iliyonse.

Komabe pali malamulo angapo ofunika:

• Malo osalowerera kapena osalimba a mchere ndi abwino kubzala mbewu;
• Mulimonsemo simungakhoze kubzalidwa maluwa mu dongo dothi ndi madzi oyandikana pansi, ngakhale kuti m'nyengo yozizira zomera zimakhala pangozi yozizira;
• belu idzakula bwino ndikupanganso pa nthaka ya loamy;
• Ngati muli ndi nthaka yakuda kwambiri pamalowa, ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi humus ndi mchenga. Ngati nthaka ili yosauka, onjezerani nthaka ndi feteleza.

Tsopano tiyeni tiyankhule molunjika za feteleza zoyenera kukula mabelu:

• maluwa anu amavomereza mwatcheru kumayambiriro kwa manyowa ndi superphosphate mu nthaka;
• Sikoyenera kutulutsa manyowa ndi nyemba zatsopano mu nthaka ya zomera, chifukwa izi zimawopsa ndi matenda a fungus;
• Ngati nthaka m'dera lanu ili ndi chonde, nthawi zina nthawi zina mumapanga phulusa. Malangizowo ndi oyenerera nthaka ndi ofooka asidi anachita;
• Nkofunikira kuti manyowa awonjezere nthaka motere: osapitirira 5-10 g ya mchere feteleza pa mita imodzi;
• Chovala chokwera cha chomera chiyenera kuchitika katatu pa nyengo: isanayambike maluwa, nthawi yofalikira komanso pambuyo pake.

Ndikofunikira! Musapitirire dothi la feteleza kuti likhale lopanda mitsempha, kuti lisapereke kukula kwa mphukira, kumene maluwa awo amatha.

Kuthirira ndi chinyezi

Kwa mabelu, kuchepa kwa kanthawi kochepa sikuli koopsa, chinthu chachikulu ndikukumbukira kuti zomera sizingakhale ndi chilala chokhalitsa. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, monga nthaka imauma.

Kuswana

Pali njira ziwiri zoberekera chomera ichi:

• mbewu;
• vegetatively.

Yang'anirani njira zonsezi.

Mbewu

Kubzala mabelu mbewu ndi zofunika izi:

• Ndikofunika kusonkhanitsa zakuthupi mwamsanga mutangoyamba kukula, kugwedeza mbewu kuchokera mmenemo ndi kuwaletsa kuti asatulukidwe;
• Mbewu iyenera kufesedwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mu kutentha kapena kutseguka pamtunda wozizira (malingana ndi nyengo) - May, June, July, August.

Tsopano njira yobzala mbewu:

1. Kukumba bwino nthaka.
2. Kokani mabowo osaya pamtunda wa masentimita 15-20 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake.
3. Phando lirilonse liyenera kuthiriridwa.
4. Limbikitsani mbewu ku kuya kwa masentimita 5.
5. Sungani nthaka mu dzenje ndi kutsanuliranso.

Ngati mubzala mbeu pamalo abwino, ndiye patapita masabata awiri mabeluwo amamera, ndipo ngati mumthunzi, zimatenga sabata lina. Ngakhale kuti mbeu imera nthawi zambiri, zomera zimatha kungomera pokhapokha nyengo yotsatira.

Ndikofunikira! Posavuta kubzala mbeu ndikupeza kumera kwa yunifolomu, kudula mchenga wouma umaphatikizidwa ku mbewu.

Zamasamba

Kufalitsa mofulumira kwa bluebells ndi vegetative, pomwe chitsamba choyaka 3-4 chimagawidwa m'magawo osiyana. Palinso njira ina - kukulumikizanitsa. Tsopano ife tidzanena za njira iliyonse payokha.

Kugawikana kukhala mbali ndi izi:

1. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May kapena zaka khumi zapitazo (kuyamba ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula) ndikofunikira kukumba kunja mama.
2. Pofuna kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndikuthandizira kuphulika kwa zomera zamtsogolo pa udzu wa uterine, mphukira zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
3. Gawani ma rhizomes kukhala mbali.
4. Kuyala delenki ku zitsime zokonzeka, popanda kukumba mosakayikira zomera.
5. Imwani chodzala.
6. Ngati mukufuna kugawaniza tchire zazikuluzikulu muzing'onozing'ono, ndiye kuti simungakhoze kuzibzala pansi, koma muli ndi zida zowonjezera kukula.

Kudula kwachitika monga chonchi:

1. Dulani ku mphukira ya bellflower cuttings ya masentimita 3, kuti aliyense wa iwo akhale ndi masamba 1-2.
2. Kutseka kwachangu kwa mphindi 30.
3. Lembani ndi kutsukidwa ndi mchenga kapena mchenga wosakaniza ndi peat mbale yamitundu yambiri yobzala.
4. Chomera chomera cha mbeu zitatu pa selo.
5. Imwani nyembazo ndi mphamvu yochepa ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kuthirira sikuyenera kukhala kawirikawiri, monga dothi la nthaka limasungidwa pansi pa polyethylene, ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa - nthawi ndi nthawi. Mizu ya cuttings imapangidwa mwakhama masiku 20.

Kugwirizana kwa kutentha

Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya belu imakhala yozizira-yolimba, pamene imakhala yotentha mpaka kufika madigiri 40. Kumadera akumwera kwenikweni, zomera za m'nyengo yozizira sizingatheke.

Ngati m'deralo nyengo yamapiri imakhala yovuta, ndiye kuti kugwa, pofuna kuteteza maluwa kuti asazizire, tchire kudula ndizu akhoza kutsanulira ndi masamba owuma kapena peat, ndipo mungawaphimbe ndi masamba a spruce.

Zingakhale zovuta kukula

Mavuto apadera akukula maluwa awa sali owona. Kuwonjezera pa zofunikira zomwe zili pamwambazi, zowonongeka ndi kutentha, zomerazi zimafunika kupalira mmera, kumasula nthaka, komanso kuchotsa nthawi yomwe imachoka.

Chinthu china chimene muyenera kumvetsera pamene mukukula mbewu ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

Zitha kunenedwa kuti belu idafalikira ndikumana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo towononga.

Koma ngati zomera zikukula kwa nthawi yaitali pamalo omwewo m'munda wanu, ndiye kuti pali zoopsa za matenda monga:

• fusarium - Matenda oyamba a zomera omwe amapezeka ndi bowa la Fusarium. Gwero la matendawa lasokonekera nthaka ndi mbewu. Mu matendawa, mizu ya mizu ndi mizu iwowo imavunda. Nsalu zimakhala zofiira, tsinde limakhala lochepa kwambiri, masamba amayamba kutembenuka chikasu, kenako chimamera. Njira ya njira ya Fusarium - mankhwala a maluwa ndi fungicides okhala ndi azoles, mwachitsanzo, "Fundazole";
• sclerotinia, kapena white rot - izi ndi ziphuphu zamphepete, zimayera maluwa oyera, tsinde ndi masamba. Gwero la matenda ndi dothi loipitsidwa. Njira zolimbanirana ndi matendawa ndizowona zokolola, kukumba nthaka mu kugwa ndi kuwononga zomera zodwala;
• botrytiosis, kapena imvi zowola - bowa wambirimbiri wa botrytis. Zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa - masamba a zomera amadzazidwa ndi mawanga omwe ali ndi spores wa bowa. Njira yowononga imatha kupopera mankhwala masiku asanu ndi awiri (14) ndi chisakanizo cha 2 g zamkuwa ndi sulphate 20 g wa sopo wobiriwira (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda). Kugwiritsa ntchito 1.5% Bordeaux madzi kumathandizanso.

Palinso adani oterowo ngati tizilombo towononga:

• mbozi yamadya masamba;
• kangaude;
• kutulutsa ndalama;
• slugs.

Kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pali tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angagulidwe apadera m'masitolo.

Kukambirana mwachidule pamwambapa, timatsindika kuti ngati mutatsatira njira zonse zosavuta zobzala, kusamalira ndi kuteteza matenda m'mabelu odzaza, zomera zosadzichepetsa ndi zabwino kwa okonda munda wamaluwa omwe alibe nthawi yambiri yosamalira munda wawo.