Mafungicides ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi matenda a fungal ndi mbewu yovala kuchokera ku fungal spores musanabzala.
Pali mankhwala ochuluka osiyana siyana omwe apangidwira izi, koma aliwonse ali ndi zenizeni ndipo amawonetsedwa kwa zomera zosiyanasiyana. Tikufuna kuti tiganizire mwatsatanetsatane mankhwalawa "Bravo", omwe ali gulu lino, kuti mudziwe momwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito.
Zosakaniza zowonjezera, mawonekedwe okonzekera, ma phukusi
Chinthu chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito chida ichi ndi chlorothalonil, zomwe zili mukonzekera ndi 500 g / l. "Bravo" amatanthauza mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Amapezeka mwa mawonekedwe a kuyimitsidwa kwapadera, opangidwa m'mabotolo a makulidwe osiyanasiyana kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 malita.
Ubwino
Mankhwalawa ali ndi ubwino wambiri womwe umakhala wokongola poyerekeza ndi zoweta zina zomwe zimapangidwira kuteteza mbewu za masamba.
- Zimalepheretsa peronosporoz, kuchepetsa mochedwa ndi Alternaria pa mbatata ndi masamba ena.
- Amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuteteza makutu a tirigu ndi masamba ku matenda osiyanasiyana.
- Kukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu zovuta zowononga matenda ndi tizirombo mu kampani ndi fungicides omwe ali ndi makalasi ena.
- Kugwira ntchito ngakhale mu nthawi ya mvula yambiri komanso ndi ulimi wothirira.
- Mwamsanga akulipira.
Njira yogwirira ntchito
Njira yogwirira ntchito imatchedwa multisite. Mankhwala amapereka chitetezo chitetezo cha masamba mbewu kuchokera ambiri fungal matenda mwa kusiya kukula kwa tizilombo fungal spores.
Phunzirani zambiri za fungicides monga "Skor", "Ridomil Gold", "Sinthani", "Ordan", "Merpan", "Teldor", "Folikur", "Fitolavin", "Dnok", "Horus", "Delan" , "Glyokladin", "Cumulus", "Albit", "Tilt", "Poliram", "Antrakol".Chitetezo chimathandiza zomera kuti zisagwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo polimbana ndi matendawa, zomwe zimalola kuti mbewuzo zizikula bwino ndikukula.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchita kwa mankhwala kumayambira mwamsanga pambuyo pa chithandizo.
Kukonzekera kwa njira yothetsera
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino "Bravo" ya fungicide, m'pofunika kuphunzira malangizo oti mugwiritse ntchito ndikudziwa momwe mungachithandizire. Sitima yachitsulo iyenera kufufuzidwa kuti iyambe kuipitsidwa komanso chikhalidwe chabwino.
Kenaka ili ndi theka lodzaza ndi madzi ndipo kuchuluka kwa fungicide kumawonjezeredwa, komwe kumadalira mtundu umene mukukonzekera.
Sitaniyo imadzazidwa ndi madzi pamwamba, pamene chisakanizocho chikupitilizidwa. Chidebe chomwe mankhwalawa analipo chiyenera kutsukidwa kangapo ndi madzi ndikuwonjezeredwa kuzing'onong'ono. 
Njira ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, kumwa
Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo gawo loyamba la nyengo yokula, pamene malo abwino omwe amathandizira kukula kwa matenda a fungal amapangidwa, ndiko kuti, mvula yamvula. Mankhwalawa amachitika kwambiri pamene mankhwalawa akugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi, asanayambe kudwala matenda.
Kuchuluka kwake kwa mankhwala kumadalira chikhalidwe cholima. Pakuti mbatata, nkhaka (yotseguka pansi), nyengo yozizira ndi kasupe imatenga 2.3-3.1 l / ha. Pakuti anyezi ndi tomato amagwiritsa ntchito 3-3.3 l / ha.
Mphuno imathandizidwanso pa nyengo yokula peresenti ya 2.5-4.5 malita pa hekitala. Kuthamanga kwa madzi akumwa ndi 300-450 l / ha. Chosavuta cha mankhwala onse chimawonongedwa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula kapena matenda, ndipo kuthetsa kwathunthu kwa zomera ndi bowa kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa tsiku lokonzekera.
Nthawi yachitetezo
Malingana ndi zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mbewuzo zimakula ndi chikhalidwe chake, chitetezo cha mankhwalawa chimatenga masabata 1 mpaka atatu. Ndondomekoyi iyenera kubwerezedwa pakatha masabata awiri pamene nyengo siidabwererenso kapena zomera zili ndi kachilomboka.
Toxicity
Lamulo lachiwiri lachiwopsezo cha zinyama ndi 3 za njuchi ndi mbalame. Mankhwalawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dera lamtendere la matupi a madzi. "Bravo" ndi fungicide yomwe imakhala ndi chlorothalonil, yomwe ingakhale yoopsa kwa njuchi, choncho dera lawo lachilimwe lisakhale pafupi kuposa mtunda wa 3 km kuchokera ku minda yothandizidwa.
Kuti azitsatira malamulo a zachilengedwe, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayambira m'mawa kapena madzulo, ndipo liwiro la mphepo siliyenera kupitirira 5 km / h, ngati malamulowa akuwonetseratu, kukonzekera sikoopsa kwa chilengedwe ndi anthu okhalamo.
Mukudziwa? Zochitika zatsopano za asayansi a ku Japan ndi apadera kwambiri. Anapanga chida chosagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zamagulu, koma pa bakiteriya opaka mkaka.
Kugwirizana
Zimayenda bwino mumtsinje womwe umasakanikirana ndi zina zambiri za fungicides ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Sitiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa chakuti nthawi ya chithandizo sichigwirizana. Osakonzedwe kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi zina zomwe zimayika. 
Mukudziwa? Asayansi omwe akupita patsogolo padziko lonse amadabwa ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo atha kale kupambana. Mwachitsanzo, ku Japan, USA, Germany ndi France amagwiritsira ntchito zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka m'nthaka mu carbon dioxide ndi madzi.
Sungani moyo ndi zosungirako
Sungani "Bravo" mu malo osungiramo mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mu phukusi loyambirira losindikizidwa kwa zaka zoposa 3, tsiku lopangidwa. Kutentha kwa mpweya m'magulu oterowo kungasinthe -8 mpaka + madigiri 35.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, malinga ndi malamulo a agrotechnology ndi kulumikizana kwa nthawi yoyamba ya "Bravo" ya fungicide kumatsimikizira kutetezedwa kotsimikizika ku matenda ambiri a fungal.
