Mlimi aliyense wodziwa bwino ali ndi njira yake yokhalirira mbeu, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri. Wina mwa kachitidwe kachikale amagwiritsa ntchito nsalu yowonongeka, ena amatenga zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zingathe "kupanga" ngakhale mbewu ikukula ndi tsiku loyenera. Lero tikuyang'ana kumera kwa mbewu za nkhaka kunyumba, kukambilana za zomwe zimakhudza njirayi ndi momwe ikufulumizitsire. Mudzaphunziranso za nthawi yomwe pambuyo pake mbeu ya mbeu yomwe idaperekedwa idzaphuka.
Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kumera
Kulima mbewu za nkhaka kwa mbande kwa wamaluwa osadziŵa zambiri kungakhale mayeso enieni, kotero tiyambitsa kukambirana ndi zinthu zomwe zingakhudze kumera.
Choyamba, chomwe chiri chofunikira kwambiri kuti mbewu iliyonse ya chinyontho ndi chinyezi ndi mpweya. Pa yosungirako, mbewu zimasungidwa m'malo owuma, koma mpweya umapezeka nthawi zonse. Ndicho chifukwa chake "mbeu" sizifa ndipo ngati chinyezi chiri chochepa, musamere.
Kupanda oxygen, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi zomera zina, kumabweretsa imfa, monga mbewu zimapuma nthawi yosungirako. Kuchokera izi tingathe kunena kuti mbeu zomwe zasungidwa popanda mpweya, zikhoza kuonedwa ngati "zakufa", kumera kwake kudzakhala pafupi ndi zero. Kutentha ndi chinyezi kumathandiza kuti mbewu ikule. Ngati mbewu imalowa mu chinyezi, koma kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti zinthu zoterezi sizingatchedwe bwino, ndipo kumera kumachepa kapena sikuchitika. Pankhani ya nkhaka, kutentha kwakukulu kwa kupeza mphukira mwamsanga ndi 18 ... +25 ° С. Pa kutentha uku, mbande zidzawoneka masiku asanu.
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo kufesa, kumera kumawonjezera kusowa kwa mpweya m'nthaka. Pachifukwachi, mabedi amakhala ndi filimu mpaka mphukira yoyamba ionekere.Ponena za chinyezi, nkofunikira osati pa siteji ya kumera, komanso mutabzala pansi. Kupanda chinyezi kumadzetsa imfa ya mbewu zamphamvu kwambiri.
Osati eni eni onse amalingalira kuti nthaka iliyonse ndi malo owopsa omwe mabakiteriya ndi mabakiteriya, bowa ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana zimakhalamo ndikuchulukitsa. Kufesa zinthu zofesedwa pansi, zimatha kugwidwa ndi matenda ambiri, zomwe zingawononge imfa yake.
Kuti muonjezere mwayi, muyenera kusankha nthaka yoyeretsa, kapena kuisakaniza musanayambe kufesa potassium permanganate kapena mankhwala ena omwe angathandize kuwononga mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Zikuwoneka kuti pali kutentha kokwanira, pali chinyezi, nthaka ndi yoyera, koma mbewu zimakhala zosawerengeka, kapena siziri konse. Vuto lingakhale labwino kwambiri pamasamba a mbeu. Mbewu zomwe zasungidwa kwa zaka zoposa zinayi sizikwera konse.
Komabe, musaganize kuti mbeu yatsopanoyo idzamera bwino. Chirichonse chimakhala chosiyana: Mbeu imodzi ya chaka chimodzi idzakhala ndi kuphuka koipitsitsa, kotero iyenera kufesedwa kokha m'chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu.
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zowonjezera nkhaka - mu mbiya, matumba, ndowa, mabotolo apulasitiki, pawindo, pa khonde, mu hydroponics
Patapita masiku angati kuti muyembekezere mphukira yoyamba
Pamwamba, tinalemba za tsiku limene mbewu za nkhaka zimamera, ngati kutentha kwabzala kunali kokwanira. Komabe, ndi bwino kuganizira zomwe mungasankhe pamene kutentha sikudzala, ndipo nthawi yofesa mbewu yayamba kale "yolimbikitsidwa".
Aliyense amadziwa kuti nkhaka ndi chikhalidwe chokonda kutentha, motero, osati mitundu yapadera / hybrids, kapena kukonzekera kwina kwa zinthu "kuumitsa" mbewu kuti zizitha kumera ozizira. Pa chifukwa ichi, mbeu zambiri zimatha. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kunasungidwa pafupifupi 10 ° C, ndipo patatha masiku ochepa iwo ananyamuka kufika 18 ° C. Zikuwoneka kuti kutentha ndikutsika, ndi nthawi yofesa. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti nthaka sinkakhoza kutentha m'masiku ochepa sankaganiziridwa, kotero mumameretsa mbeu m'nthaka, kutentha kumene kumakhala, makamaka, 12-14 ° C. Zikakhala choncho, zimatenga nthawi yaitali kuti adikire mbande, ndipo ngati chimfine chimayamba, mbewu zimangowonongeka (ngati zisanakonzedwe kale).
Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti kutentha kwapakati pa nthaka kuyenera kukhala 13 ° C, kotero kuti zinthuzo zimayamba kumera.
Mtengo wa substrate udzakhudzanso kumera. Ngati dothi liri lolemera mu humus ndi kufufuza zinthu, ndiye ngakhale kutentha kwa 18 ° C, mudzawona wobiriwira woyamba mu sabata ndi theka. Koma ngati nthaka ili yosauka, kutentha kwa anomalous sikuthandiza mbande.
Nthawi yotsiriza kumera ndi milungu iwiri. Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, n'zotheka kubzala bwino, popeza kuti malonjezo omwe ali nawo sangathe kumera.
Momwe mungamere msanga nkhaka
Kenaka, tiyeni tiyankhule za momwe mungamere msanga nkhaka. Tidzakambirana njira zabwino kwambiri zomwe zingakuthandizeni pa nthawi yochepa kwambiri kuti muthandizidwe.
Kutsitsimula
Sayansi mu gawo la agrarian siimaima, kotero tili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zofukula zomwe zimathandiza mbewu kuti iphule ndi kuphulika.
Poyamba, mankhwala awa ndi ati. Kukula kwachulukitsiro ndizowonjezera mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, bowa ndi zomera zomwe zimapangitsa kukula ndikufulumizitsa chitukuko cha mizu.
Kukula kwa stimulator kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa siteji yoyamba, pamene mutangotulutsa mbewu kuchokera phukusi. Mmalo mwa kulowera mwachizolowezi Mbeuzo zimamizidwa mu madzi amadzimadzi ndi kuwonjezera kwa kukula stimulator.
Komabe, si zonse zophweka. Pali zowonjezera zowonjezera zomwe zimathandiza zomera pa magawo osiyanasiyana: kuchokera kumatulutsa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa fruiting. Choncho, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana - kulepheretsa kukula ndi chitukuko, pamene akuwononga zomera ndi zakuthupi.
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa stimulator mosamala kwambiri, poyang'ana zofunikira. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakwera mtengo ndikusankha mankhwala ovomerezeka kwambiri. Ponena za phindu lenileni, mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito ngati "ola." Sikuti zimangowonjezera zokhazokha, komanso zimachulukitsa chiwerengero cha mbeu zowonongeka, choncho, ngati n'kotheka, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi, makamaka ngati mukukonzekera kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yosakanizidwa.
Mukudziwa? Ngati simungapeze kukula kokondweretsa, mungagwiritse ntchito madzi a aloe vera kapena mavitamini ku valerian, chifukwa ndi kukula kwa chilengedwe komanso sizimapweteka mbewu.Zotsitsimutsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito motere: zimasakanizidwa ndi chiwerengero chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi ndi madzi, njere zimalowetsedwa mu njira ya maola 10-12, kenaka amawona zotsatirazo.
Lembani
Imeneyi ndi njira yofala kwambiri ya kumera, imene yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira kale. Taganizirani zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mulowerere mbewu za nkhaka mbande.
Njira yoyamba ikuphatikizapo pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yowonongekamomwe iwo amaika mbewu. Mfundozi siziyenera kuunika, choncho mbali imodzi ya minofu yowonongeka kuti iphimbe mbewu kuchokera pamwamba. Pambuyo pake, mbewu zophimbidwa zimayikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki kuti athe kuchepetsa mpweya wa oxygen ndikuonjezera kutentha. Kuti njira yachiwiri ifunike galasi mtsuko. Mbewuzo zikulumikizidwa mu nsalu yonyowa pokhala ndikuyikidwa mu mtsuko. Mtsuko umatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro cha silicone ndikuyika pamalo amdima.
Zonsezi ndizoyamba kuti mbeu zidzamera kwa masiku angapo, pamene ziyenera kukhala bwino, mwinamwake mfundoyi ingakhale ndi bowa kapena zowola.
Chinthu choyamba muyenera kumvetsera ndi khalidwe la madzi ndi kutentha. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi amvula. Ndipo osati chifukwa chakuti izi ndi zachibadwa, koma chifukwa chakuti palibe chlorine ndi zosavulaza zoipa m'madzi a mvula. Ngati sizingatheke kutenga mvula, mugwiritseni ntchito yogawanika. Kutentha kwa madzi kuyenera kukhala osachepera 25 ° C, mwinamwake sipadzakhalanso kumera.
Ndikofunikira! Musagwiritse ntchito madzi osakaniza.
Kufesa
Pamwamba, tinanena kuti mutabzala, m'pofunika kuphimba mabedi ndi filimu ya cellophane kuti apange mvula yowonjezera ndi kuonjezera kutentha kwa gawolo.
Kenaka, tidzamvetsa chifukwa chake nkhaka siimera pambuyo pofesa, ngati panthawi yokonzekera chirichonse chinachitidwa molondola. Apanso timakumbukira kuti nkhaka imagwera m'malo osasangalatsa, omwe ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa iwo ngati mbewu zakula mwakuya.
Pofuna kuteteza njere ku matenda ndi kuvunda, muyenera kuthirira mabedi ndi kukonzekera kosalekeza komwe kumawononga zomera zamoyo. Mungagwiritsenso ntchito makina apadera omwe amachititsa chitetezo cha zomera zosalimba ndi kukana matenda.
Musaiwale kuti mbewu zimadya kudya makoswe ndi tizirombo tina zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'nthaka. Pofuna kuteteza iwo, muyenera kufesa mbewuzo mumapopu apulasitiki omwe sali pansi, kapena kugwiritsira ntchito zopanda nsalu zomwe zimapangidwa kuti ziteteze mbewu zathu.
Kusamalira mmera
Pamene mukusamalira mbande, nkofunika osati kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, komanso kuti tipeze njira zabwino zowonjezera ndikukula. Kuthirira Mitengo yachinyamata iyenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ochepa. Pa nthawi yoyamba, malita 10 palola ndi okwanira, koma pa siteji ya zipatso, muyenera kutsanulira chidebe pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti sikuti mungathe kubweretsa chinyezi, komanso nyengo, choncho musayambe kutsanulira nthaka yomwe idakalipo. Samalani kutentha kwa madzi. Mulimonsemo musakhale pansi pa 10 ° C, mwinamwake mungachepetse kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera.
Kutsegula. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa nthawi zonse pamene palibe mthunzi umene unayikidwa. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa, ngakhale mutakhala ndi nthaka yabwino yomwe imakhala ndi madzi abwino kwambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamasula, musasunthire "masharubu" kumalo ena. Iwo angakhoze kokha kuukitsidwa.Kudyetsa. Kupaka pamwamba ndikofunikira ngakhale mutakhala ndi nthaka yakuda pa chiwembucho. Popanda feteleza wochulukirapo, mumachepetsa nthaka, kuchepetsa kufunika kwa mbewu zina nthawi zina.
Amadyetsa nkhaka amafunika pafupifupi kasanu pa nyengo. Izi zimachitidwa osati kuwonjezera zokolola zokha, komanso kuti chitetezo chiteteze, chomwe chimatipangitsa kuti tisamane bwino ndi matenda. Kuchokera ku zamoyo pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la mullein (1 l pa 10 l madzi). Mwa "madzi amchere" ndi abwino kwambiri urea, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate.
Zimalimbikitsanso kupopera gawo la pamwambapa ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza kamodzi mu masiku 20 kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa zinthu zazikulu mugawo lobiriwira.
Iodini, ammonia, boric acid, nettle, peel banana, yisiti, whey, mazira a mbatata, mapeyala a mbatata, peel anyezi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuvala pamwamba.
Njira zina. Zowonjezera zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito osati pokhapokha pa siteji ya kumera mbewu, komanso pazomwe zikukula. Pamene zomera zimachokera ku gawo lapansi, zidzakhala zofooka kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza panthawiyi n'kopanda phindu, chifukwa mizu yosapangidwira sitingathe kutenga feteleza mu kuchuluka kofunikira kuti ikule bwino.
Pali njira yothetsera vutoli - mizu yolima kukula. Choyamba, mumachepetsa umuna, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo ukhale wogula, ndipo kachiwiri, alola zomera kuti zipeze chakudya kuchokera kumadera akuluakulu, zomwe zimapereka zotsatira zabwino ngakhale m'nthaka ndi chonde. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito zina zolimbikitsa zomwe zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbali yobiriwira ndikufulumizitsa zokolola. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kupatsa zokonda zachilengedwe zomwe siziwononge nthaka ndi katundu.
Mukudziwa? Chikalecho chinadza kwa ife kuchokera ku India. Pansi pa chilengedwe, kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe kumakula kumapazi a Himalaya. Zipatso za nkhaka zakutchire ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo zambiri mwa izo sizidya konse.
Bwanji osamera nkhaka
Tsopano ife tidzawononga zifukwa za kusowa kwa kumera.
- Mbewu zinali zosakonzedwa bwino kuti zibzala.
- Zinthuzo zawonongeka ndi mabakiteriya, bowa kapena tizirombo.
- Dziko likuzizira kwambiri.
- Kupanda chinyezi.
- Malo osauka kwambiri.
- Zowonongeka zoipa.
- Kutentha kwa dothi ndi zinyalala kapena poizoni.
Kuphatikiza mwachidule zonsezi, zingathe kumaliza kuti mungathe kumera mwa kuthetsa zolakwika mukamera ndi kubzala, koma palinso zinthu zomwe simungathe kuzilamulira.
Tinakambirana za mavuto akulu omwe alimi akulima pofesa mbewu, ndipo adadziwa kuti mbewu za nkhaka zimamera masiku angati. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ngati kufesa kumachitika mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe simungasinthe zimachotsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, mvetserani malingaliro athu ndikuyang'ana nyengo, osati kalendala yoyendetsa.