Kukula mbatata sikungatchedwe ntchito yosavuta, koma ngakhale izi, n'zovuta kulingalira munda wa ndiwo zamasamba popanda izo.
Kwa kanthawi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoiŵalayo siiiwalika mbatata "Lorch" kachiwiri kutchuka pakati pa wamaluwa.
Choncho, tipitiliza kufotokozera kufotokozera, makhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe za kulima.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi
Mitundu ya mbatata "Lorch" inalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20s. zaka zapitazo ndipo akuonedwa kuti ndi akale kwambiri ku Russia. Amatchulidwa kulemekeza Mlengi wake, wochikulira wotchuka wa mbatata Alexander Lorkh, yemwe adapereka moyo wake wonse ku phunziro ndikukonzekera masamba awa okondedwa. Institute of Farming Potato inatchulidwa pambuyo pake, yomwe mu 1976 idapatsa mtundu wa mbatata moyo wachiwiri. 
Kuyambira pachiyambi, mbatata "Lorch" Kwa zaka zambiri ankaonedwa kuti ndi osiyana mitundu yolima, pa mafakitale komanso. Chifukwa cha kukolola kwake kwakukulu ndi kudzichepetsa, kunakhala chipulumutso kwa anthu ambiri ku njala muzaka za nkhondo pambuyo pa nkhondo. Koma m'ma 50s chifukwa cha zifukwa zosadziwika, mtundu wa Lorch unali utasiyidwa kwathunthu ndipo unali pafupi kutayika. Chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa obereketsa a bungwe lomwelo kunali kotheka kubwezeretsa.
Akuwombera
Chitsamba cha mitundu iyi chimakhala ndi 4-5, mobwerezabwereza 6-8 zimayambira, zomwe zimakonda pang'ono, zimathamanga, mpaka masentimita 80 mu msinkhu, ndipo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a katatu kapena masentimita mu mtanda. M'munsi mwake, amapanga nthambi zingapo, zobiriwira. Ali ndi masamba ambiri, omwe ali wobiriwira wobiriwira, kukula kwapakatikati, pubescent pang'ono, ndi kupunduka kwafooka. Maluwawo ndi ofiira kwambiri, ophatikizapo asanu omwe amakhala osakanikirana ndi chikasu cha pistil. Pambuyo maluwa, zipatsozo sizimawonekera pa iwo. Mizu siimakula, choncho, yabwino, yodzazidwa ndi zipatso, tubers amapangidwa. 
Achibale a mbatata pakati pa mbeu zowonongeka ndi: sunberry, pepino, wakuda nightshade, tomato ndi eggplant.
Zipatso
Mbatata ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri. Kulemera kwake kumakhala pakati pa 80 ndi 120 g. Zimakhala zojambulidwa, zowonjezera kuposa zowombeza, ndipo zimakhala zochepa kwambiri ngati palibe phosphorous yokwanira m'nthaka. Khungu ndi losalala, osati lakuda, beige lowala, limatha pang'ono pang'ono pamwamba. Pali maso ochepa pa mbatata, sizomwe zimakhala zakuya, zili ponse pakhungu. Pansi pa khungu ndi mnofu woyera, umene suli mdima pakadula komanso kutentha. Mwachilengedwe, sizomwe zimakhala bwino komanso zofewa poyerekezera ndi mitundu ina ya mbatata. Lili ndi kuchuluka kwa wowuma, kuyambira 15 mpaka 20%, kotero mbatata ndi yowonjezera yophika panthawi yophika komanso yoyenera kuphika. 
Zipatso zimakhalanso ndi kukoma kokoma komanso kupirira. Kuwonjezera pa wowuma, ali ndi 23% ya zinthu zowuma, pang'ono peresenti ya mapuloteni, ndi 18% ya vitamini C.
Mukudziwa? Mbatata zipatso ndi owopsa. Kwa chakupha chakupha chokwanira kudya zidutswa zingapo.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Makhalidwe apamwamba a mbatata zosiyanasiyana "Lorch" ndi zogwirizana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya komanso popanga wowuma. Yachiwiriyi ili ndi pafupifupi 20%. Kututa kwa mbatata kumabweretsa masiku 110-120 mutabzala pansi. Malingana ndi chizindikiro ichi, zosiyanasiyana zimakhalapo pakati-mochedwa.
Zokhudza zokolola, kuyambira 10 mita mamita. M akhoza kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 40 a mbatata. Olima masamba amanena kuti shrub ndi yabwino kwambiri, pafupifupi pafupifupi 25-25 mbatata yamkati mu tuber. Zizindikiro za "kugulitsa" kwake ndizowonjezereka, zimachokera pa 88 mpaka 92%. Chomeracho ndi chodzichepetsa ku nthaka, cholimbana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Zomwe zimatha, zimakhudza khansa ndi nkhanambo, koma izi sizichitika kawirikawiri. Amakula bwino m'madera onse, kuphatikizapo kumpoto. 
Alimi a zamasamba amayamikira kukoma kwake kodabwitsa, komwe kumawonekera makamaka mu zipatso zokaphika. Chifukwa cha zowonjezera zake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndiyo kuphika mitundu, choncho ndi yabwino kwa mbatata yosenda. "Lorch" sikulongosola zabwino zokhazokha, zimasungidwanso mpaka chilimwe.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwe bwino mitundu ya kartoftolelya: "Kiwi", "Gala", "Luck", "Irbitsky", "Queen Anna", "Rosara", "Blue", "Red Scarlett", "Nevsky", "Rocco", " Zhuravinka "ndi" Cherry "(" Bellarosa ").
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yotchuka chifukwa chokolola zipatso, kuphweka ndi kutsutsa matenda wamba ndi tizirombo. Sichifunikiranso chisamaliro kuposa mitundu ina, koma zokolola ndi khalidwe la chipatso liri pamwamba kwambiri. Mbatata sizingafune dothi ndipo simusowa kukhala ndi feteleza. Bweretsani pafupipafupi patatha masiku 110. Mzu wa chitsamba sukula, kotero zipatso zonse zimasonkhanitsidwa pamalo amodzi ndipo zimakhala bwino kuti zichoke pansi. Mukhoza kukula mbatata m'madera onse, ngakhale kumpoto. Kusintha kwake sikusokoneza zokololazo, nthawi zonse zimakhala zopitirira chaka chilichonse. 
Amadziwa kukoma kwa mbatata, kuyendetsa bwino komanso kusunga khalidwe. Zosiyanasiyana zimadwala matenda ena, ndipo izi ndizo zotsatira zake. Komanso, wamaluwa amati amapereka mbewu yochepa ngati ikukula pansi pa udzu. Ena amanena za matenda ochedwa choipitsa, koma izi sizili zosiyana siyana.
Mukudziwa? Ku Belarus, komwe kumakonda kwambiri mbatata, pali malo okongoletsera masambawa komanso nyumba yosungiramo mbatata.
Zotsatira zofika
Posachedwapa, amalima akhala akuyesa njira zambiri zobzala mbatata, koma yaikuluyo idabzala pansi. Zikuwoneka kuti palibe chovuta, koma kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino ndi chipatso cha kuwonetsera, mukufunikirabe luso komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zifukwa za akatswiri.
Phunzirani zambiri za zomwe zikukula masamba monga: tomato, nkhaka, adyo, radishes, horseradish, tsabola, kaloti, zukini ndi biringanya.
Nthawi
Mitundu ya mbatata "Lorch" imagwera pansi mu nthawi yotchedwa nthawi yoyenera. Kawirikawiri amagwa kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Dziko lapansi liyenera kutentha mokwanira. Ngati kuzizira, chomera chimakhala kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo maluwa ake akuchedwa. Kwa kubzala, kutentha kwa nthaka sikuli pansi pa +8 ° C.
Kusankha dothi ndi malo
Zosiyanasiyana "Lorch" zikhoza kukula pamtunda uliwonse, sizowonjezereka kwa iwo. Kuti zitheke, dothi lisakhale ndi dongo ndi mchenga wochuluka. Kawiri kawiri kaŵirikaŵiri sichikusiyanitsidwa ndi chonde chabwino, kotero chikhoza kuphatikiza ndi nthaka ina, makamaka ndi nthaka yakuda. Dothi lalikulu la dongo, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwao ndi madzi osungunuka, sichinthu chabwino kwambiri. Chomeracho chidzauka, koma patapita nthawi, ndipo zipatso zikhoza kukhala zochepa ndi zoipa. 
Malo okula ayenera kukhala dzuwa, ngati n'kotheka ngakhale kupewa kupezeka kwa madzi. Pamalo othuthuka, chikhalidwe chimayambira, kutenga madzi kuchokera ku mizu, pali osauka maluwa. Mwachidule, mthunzi umafooketsa chitsamba cha mbatata ndipo zokolola zidzakhala zoipa. Ndikofunika kukonzekera nthaka yobzala. Izi ziyenera kuchitika masika ndi autumn. Asanafike nyengo yozizira, nthaka imatsukidwa, ndi zomera zosafunikira ndikukumba. Ndibwino kuti musagwedeze mabere a dziko lapansi, m'nyengo yozizira adzasunga chisanu ndipo padzakhalanso chinyezi. M'chaka, musanabzala, dziko lapansi liyenera kukumbidwa ndikumasulidwa.
Mbatata siingakhoze kubzalidwa pamalo omwewo chaka chilichonse. Pambuyo pake, dziko lapansi liyenera "kupuma" kwa zaka zitatu. Mbatata imakula bwino pamtunda pambuyo pa mizu: maungu, tomato, nkhaka, nyemba.
Ndondomeko yobzala mbatata
Ngati mbeu ikumera musanabzala, mbeu ikhoza kukolola masabata angapo m'mbuyomo, ndipo ubwino wa mbande iwowo ndi wabwino. Kuphuka kumayambira mwezi umodzi musanabzala. Pachifukwa ichi, mbatata imatulutsidwa kuchokera kusungirako ndipo imapanga nyengo ya kutentha mpaka +12 ° С. Ayenera kuyeretsedwa padziko lapansi. Mukhoza kuwagwiritsa ntchito kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito potassium permanganate kwa mphindi 15. Pachifukwachi, yankho la 3% la hydrogen peroxide mu chiŵerengero cha 1 tbsp. l pa 1 l madzi. 
Kenaka, nyembazo zimayikidwa mumodzi umodzi, patapita nthawi zimayesedwa kuti zivunda. Ayeneranso nthawi zonse kutembenuzidwa ndikuwonekera pamalo osungikira. Mlungu umodzi musanabzala, mbewu zikhoza kutulutsidwa mumsewu, kumene zidzalowedwanso. Kuti bwino kumera, kutalika kwa mphukira kuyenera kukhala osachepera sentimenti.
Pali njira zitatu zomwe mbatata za Lorch zimabzalidwa pansi. Zowonongeka kwambiri. Fosholo imakumba dzenje pamtunda wa wina ndi mzake mpaka masentimita 40. Izi zimachitika chifukwa tchire la zosiyanasiyanazi ndizitali ndi kufalikira, siziyenera kusokonezana. Kuzama kwa fossa kuyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10, ndipo m'lifupi pakati pa mizera yobzala iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 70. Mbeu zimatsikira m'mabowo, zimakula ndikudzaza ndi dziko lapansi. Pofuna kukolola bwino, nthakayi ingasakanike ndi manyowa kapena kompositi, feteleza amatha kuikidwa pansi pa dzenje. Iwo adakali alangizidwa kuti asakanike ndi nthaka, chifukwa zimamera zimatha kuzunzidwa mwachindunji ndi feteleza. 
M'minda yamtunda wouma kwambiri ikhoza kubzala m'mitengo. Iwo amakumbidwa mu kugwa ndikuyika udzu mmenemo, umene udzasunga chinyezi ndipo pambuyo pake udzakhale feteleza wowonjezera. Kutsika kwa ngalande ndi pafupifupi 30 cm, udzu wosanjikiza ndi theka kwambiri. Pa nthawi yobzala, mbewu zimatsikira mkati mwa mtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndikugona.
Ndipo chifukwa cha dothi, kumene madzi amakhala, makamaka, ndi aakulu kwambiri, amagwiritsa ntchito njira yakulima. Mothandizidwa ndi njira yapadera, mwachitsanzo, motoblock, amadzaza zitunda mpaka masentimita 20. Mabowo akumbidwa mkati mwake, momwe mbewu imagwera. Mundawo umalidwa mofanana ndi pamene udabzala mu fossa.
Ndikofunikira! Mitundu ya mbatata "Lorch" sangathe kudula chifukwa chodzala. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri zokolola.
Mbali yosamalira zosiyanasiyana
Mofanana ndi mbatata iliyonse, mitundu ya Lorch imakonda nthaka yokhala ndi udzu. Choncho, m'dzinja, atakumba munda wa ndiwo zamasamba, manyowa kapena kompositi imagwa pansi. Amawonjezeredwa pambuyo kukumba m'chaka. Mavitamini a feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazomwe zimasonyezedwa pamapangidwe oyambirira. Koma Alexander Lorch, yemwe adalima zosiyanasiyana, amakhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhaokha, popeza feteleza zamadzimadzi zimasokoneza kukoma kwake ndi kuwononga mbatata. 
Chomeracho chikusowa madzi, makamaka m'madera akum'mwera, choncho imayenera kuthiriridwa, makamaka pambuyo pakuphuka kwa mphukira, isanayambe kuoneka maluwa, ndikukhala ndi maluwa komanso yogwira ntchito mwamsanga. Ngati maluwa ali owuma komanso opanda mvula, kuthirira kumakhala kosachepera masiku khumi.
Chomwe chimatchedwa hilling ndi chofunikira pamene mukusamalira mitundu iliyonse ya mbatata, kuphatikizapo "Lorch" - kuphatikizapo. Nthawi yoyamba amathira kambewu kakang'ono kamene kamakula msinkhu wa masentimita 20. Ndi bwino kuchita izi mvula itatha, pamene dothi limanyowa. Pansi pa zida zachitsulo zowonjezera nthaka. Amakhalabe ndi chinyezi ku chitsamba, amateteza komanso amapereka mpweya wambiri. Patapita milungu itatu, ndondomekoyi iyenera kubwerezedwa.
Zimalimbikitsanso kumasula pansi pakati pa tchire ndi mulch, ndikuphimba ndi udzu. Simakula namsongole ndikusunga chinyezi.
Ndikofunikira! Kumadera ndi nyengo yotentha, hilling akulangizidwa kuti asatero. Malo okhala pamwamba pa chitsamba amachititsa kutentha kwina, ndipo zosiyanasiyana za Lorch sizikonda kutentha kwakukulu. Choncho, mutha kumasula ndi kudula nthaka.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, amalangizidwa kuthira nthaka katatu. Izi zimachitika mukamadzala, musanayambe kukwera komanso pamene maluwa oyambirira akuwonekera kuthengo. Mukamabzala, mukhoza kuthirira nthaka mwa kusakaniza ndi manyowa kapena manyowa. Mungathe kuwonjezera phulusa pang'ono. Pa chitsamba chimodzi chiyenera kukhala 20 g. Mwa mchere feteleza, muyenera kutenga zomwe zili ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Iwo ndibwino kuti azidzaza manyowa, atayikidwa mmadzi. Musanayambe kuphika, padzakhala yankho labwino la nkhuku manyowa mogwirizana ndi madzi 1:15. Chitsamba chidzafuna pafupifupi lita imodzi yodyetsa. Pa maluwa, yankho la 30 g wa potaziyamu sulphate pa 10 malita a madzi adzachita. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakhala pamtunda wa 1 l pa 1 sq. Km. m
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Mitundu ya mbatata Lorch imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri komanso tizirombo. Koma palinso nthawi yomwe zomera zimadwala khansara kapena nkhanambo. Pachiyambi choyamba, pa mbatata kumaoneka kukula komwe kuli kolifulawa, zomwe zimavunda ndikuphwanya zipatso. Zitsamba zoterezi ziyenera kuwonongedwa mwamsanga. Khansa imakhudza osati tuber, komanso nthaka, kotero mbatata sangathe kukula pamalo ano kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kupewa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito benomyl. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ndifotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane pamapangidwe. Kukonza kasinthasintha kwa mbeu kudzathandizanso kuteteza matendawa. Chaka chimodzi musanabzala mbatata, mbewu zimabzalidwa pamalo omwe akufuna, pambuyo pake khansayo sizimawonekera kwa zaka 6. 
Kuzungulira mpikisano kumathandiza kulimbana ndi nkhanambo, yomwe imakwirira mbatata ndi ukonde ndikupanga kukula. Kwa feteleza, feteleza zamchere kapena "Trichodermin" akhoza kuwonjezedwa kunthaka.
Mwatsoka, iwo sanabwere ndi mbatata yomwe siidya Chilomboka cha mbatata cha Colorado kapena medvedka. Kuchokera kwa adani otere a mbatata amapulumutsidwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala ochiritsira. 
M'zaka zingapo, tidzakondwerera zaka zana za maonekedwe a mtundu wa mbatata. Ndipo mfundo yakuti imakula kwa nthawi yotereyo imayankhula kuti iyesedwe ndi kudalirika. Mbatata ya mtundu uwu imasungidwa bwino ndipo idzakusangalatsani ndi kukoma kwawo chaka chonse.
