Momwe mungakonzekerere njuchi zachisanu: chisa chokonzekera

Alimi onse amadziwa kuti kugwa ndikofunikira kukonzekera njuchi m'nyengo yozizira ndikuthetsa nyengoyo ndi njira yovomerezeka - kupanga zisa za njuchi m'nyengo yozizira. Ndikofunika kuti tizilombo tikwanitse nyengo yoziziritsa kumalo osangalatsa. Onani m'munsimu momwe mungapangire.

Ndiyambe liti?

Poyambirira, tikufuna kudziwa zomwe zofunikira zogwiritsa ntchito ndizofunika komanso kuti ndiyambe liti.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti pokhala kuthengo, tizilombo timatha kuthana ndi chakudya chofunikira, ndipo kukula kwa mng'oma kumadalira mtundu wa banja. Koma kumalo owetera njuchi, kumene mwiniwakeyo ndi munthu yemwe amalowa nthawi zonse mu ntchito yofunikira ya njuchi, nthawi ndi nthawi kuchotsa chithunzi, kusankha uchi, kukulitsa kapena kudula zisa, tizilombo sitingathe kuchita izi, ndipo kugawa chakudya kumakhala kosafanana. Choncho, amafunika kuthandizidwa kuti apange zisa. Kuyambira pambuyo pa sampuli yotsiriza ya uchi, iwo alibe nthawi yokwanira yokonza mu mng'oma. Kugawanika kwa chakudya kosawerengeka kungachititse kuti anthu ena azidya zakudya zopanda thanzi ndipo sangakhale ndi moyo kufikira masika.

Ndikofunikira! Mapangidwe abwino ndi okhazikika pa zisa zimakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa nyengo yozizira ya njuchi, chitetezo chake, ubwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito luso mu nyengo yatsopano.

Ndondomeko yokonzekera njuchi za nyengo yozizira komanso kupanga chisa, monga lamulo, ikuyamba kukwaniritsidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn - mwamsanga mutatha kusonkhanitsa uchi.

Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo ntchito zingapo:

• kufufuza mabanja;
• kudziwa momwe uchi umasiyira njuchi zachisanu;
• kudyetsa njuchi;
• kukwaniritsa nambala yofunikira ya mafelemu;
• chisa chopangidwa.

Kudyetsa njuchi

Inde, njira yabwino kwambiri yozizira kwa tizilombo ndiyo kudyetsa chilengedwe, uchi wabwino. Zidzakhala za 10-13 makilogalamu pa banja (izo sizikugwirizana ndi heather ndi korona). Pafupifupi, chakudya (kuphatikizapo uchi wachilengedwe ndi madzi) pa banja pamafunika makilogalamu 20 (kumadera akum'mwera - 15-16 makilogalamu).

Komabe, izi sizingatheke, ndipo pakadali pano, munthuyo ayenera kutenga nawo mbali pokonzekera kuchuluka kwa chakudya.

Phunzirani za zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njuchi monga: sera, mungu, propolis, zabrus, perga, mafuta odzola komanso okondedwa - wokondedwa (wakuda, mapulo, chowawa, espartsetovy, phalelia, rapseed, acacia, akhoza, sweet clover, mandimu, buckwheat, chifuwa ndi zina), zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndizofunika kwambiri ku njuchi.

Kudyetsa kwambiri njuchi ndizofunikira kwambiri ndikukonzekera njuchi m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa palibe amene angadziwe molondola ngati uchi unapangidwa ndi apamwamba kwambiri, komanso ndi chiani cha uchi. Dyetsani tizilombo ndi shuga.

Kupaka pamwamba kumapangidwa ndi zolinga zingapo:

• perekani njuchi ndi chakudya chokwanira ndikuwathandiza kuti apulumuke nyengo yozizira;
• kubwezeretsa uchi wotengedwa ndi munthu;
• m'malo mwa uchi wabwino;
• Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothetsera matenda.

Kuti mudziwe kuti ndi madzi angati oyenera, muyenera kupanga ziwerengero zowerengeka:

• Pafupipafupi, msewu umodzi wa fomu ya Dadan udzafunika 2 kg chakudya (kulemera kwa shuga, osati madzi);
• pa msewu umodzi wa chimbudzi cha Ruth - 1.75 makilogalamu.

Mpaka 30 peresenti ya misala yonseyi imatha m'malo mwa uchi wokonzedwa ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana.

Kuchuluka kwa madzi kungakhoze kuwerengedwera malingana ndi momwe uchi ukufunira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufunikira makilogalamu 10 a uchi kuti mudye chakudya, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kutenga shuga 10 kg kuti mupange madzi.

Mukudziwa? Kuti mupeze supuni imodzi ya uchi, njuchi mazana awiri ayenera kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse. Ndipo kuti munthu mmodzi atenge kilogalamu imodzi ya uchi, amafunikira maluwa okwana mamiliyoni asanu ndi atatu. Pa tsiku limene angayende ndege pafupifupi zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Timapereka malangizo pa kukonzekera kwa madzi abwino kwambiri:

1. Pofuna kukonzekera, m'pofunika kutenga mankhwala osagwedera.
2. Shuga ayenera kuyengedwa, khalidwe lapamwamba. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nzimbe ndi shuga beet.
3. Ovomerezedwa kuchuluka: 1.5 makilogalamu shuga pa lita imodzi ya madzi otentha otentha.
4. Mcherewo ukhale wandiweyani.

Pofuna kukonzekera 1 lita imodzi ya madzi makumi asanu ndi awiri, mufunikira shuga 0,9 kg ndi 0,5 malita a madzi;

• kwa 60%, muyenera kutenga 0,8 kg shuga ndi 0,6 l madzi;
• 50% - 0,6 kg shuga ndi 0,6 l madzi;
• 40% - 0,5 makilogalamu shuga ndi 0,7 l madzi.

Iyenera kunyamula kukumbukira kuti mu lita imodzi mtsuko akhoza kugwira 0.7-0.8 makilogalamu shuga.

Onjezerani ndi kusonkhezera shuga pakufunika madzi atachotsedwa ku mphika. Popanda kutero, madziwo adzawonongeka.

Pambuyo poti madziwa athazikika mpaka kutentha kwa 40 ° C, mukhoza kuwonjezera uchi wachilengedwe (pafupifupi 10% ya mavoti onse).

Funso la ngati kuli kofunikira kuti acidify acidify mankhwalawa akutsutsana lero. Opeza alimi akulangizidwa kuti asachite. Pakadali pano, monga m'mabuku, munthu angapeze chidziwitso kuti tizilombo timadyetsedwa ndi timadzi ta acidified kulekerera nyengo yozizira bwino.

Pofuna kusankha ngati acidify syrup kapena ayi, mlimi ayenera kuchita yekha. Ngati chisankho choterocho chapangidwa, ndiye mamita anayi a cubic adzawonjezedwa ku manyuchi. masentimita 70% a asilic essence pa 10 kg shuga kapena 3 cu. masentimita a asidi asidi pa 10 kg shuga.

Ndikoyenera kudyetsa njuchi ndizing'ono (mpaka 1 l) ndi lalikulu (kuyambira 1 mpaka 3 l) mlingo malinga ndi kukula kwa banja. Zakudyazo zimatsanuliridwa mu odyetsa nkhuni, omwe amaikidwa pamwamba pa mng'oma. Choyeneretsanso cholinga ichi ndi mafelemu apadera. Ngati mulibe zipangizo zoterezi, mukhoza kutsanulira madziwo kumwa mowa ndi botolo la galasi kapena botolo la pulasitiki ndi mabowo. Chakudya chingathe kudzazidwa ndi kutuluka mu chisa, chomwe chimakhala chosagwira ntchito.

Zovala zapamwamba ziyenera kupangidwa madzulo ndi kuyamba kwa nyengo yophukira. Ngati njuchi zaima kwa zaka zambiri, palibe maluwa omwe amapezeka pafupi ndipafupi, ndipo kukula kwa uchi ndikumaliza - ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba kudyetsa.

Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukudyetsa, ndikofunika kuteteza madzi kuti asalowe mumng'oma kapena kuzungulira.

Nthawi yokwanira kudyetsa idzadalira dera limene njuchi zilipo. Kumadera akum'mwera akhoza kupangidwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Oktoba, ena - mpaka zaka khumi zoyambirira za September.

Ngati kudyetsa kwachedwa, izi zingachititse kuti tizilombo tisakhale ndi nthawi yokonza chakudya chisanadze kubadwa kwatsopano. Kukonzekera kwa anthu omwe akubadwa kumene kumatsutsana. Nthenda ya mbewu yochedwa imakhudza ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa uchi.

Zakudya zam'mbuyomu zimadzaza ndi maonekedwe a matenda monga Nosema mu tizilombo.

Ngati, pa chifukwa china, pali kuchedwa kuyamba kuyamba kudyetsa, ndiye ngati ming'oma ing'onoing'ono, ming†™ oma imatsekedwa ndikupita ku chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa 14 ° C. Kumeneko, kudya kwa madzi kumapangidwira masiku anayi kapena asanu. Pambuyo pa nthawi ino, umboni uyenera kubwezedwa pamalo ake oyambirira poyera. Popewera matenda osiyanasiyana mu mankhwala omwe amamwa mankhwala. Koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa ndikutsatira mlingo woyenera. Kusokoneza bwino mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungayambitse m'mimba m'matumbo.

Mukudziwa? Chiwerengero cha uchi chomwe njuchi imodzi yomwe imatha kusonkhanitsa m'nyengoyi ndi 420 makilogalamu.

Ndipo potsirizira kwa kufotokozedwa kwa gawoli, ife tikufuna kukudziwitsani kuti lero pali madzi okonzeka bwino omwe akudyetserako njuchi kumayambiriro kwa autumn omwe ali kale ogawanika sucrose. Malingana ndi opanga opanga, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ngati amenewa, tizilombo sitinatope, amawoneka bwino ndikukhala amphamvu m'chaka.

Kuyesedwa kwa banja

Kukonzekera kwa mng'oma ku nyengo yozizira kungatsimikizidwe mwa kuyendera kwa banja. Ndondomekoyi idzawulula mavuto ndikuwongolera nthawi.

Ndikofunikira! Pochita gawo ili lokonzekera nyengo yozizira, ndikofunika kulingalira kuti njuchi zimakhala zowawa panthawiyi, choncho, pakugwira ntchito ndi mng'oma, nkofunika kutsatira ndondomeko zotetezera, kugwira ntchito mu chigoba ndi chovala.

Pa nthawi yoyendera, mlimi ayenera kudziwa:

• zaka za chiberekero;
• kuchuluka kwa ana;
• ndalama ndi zakudya zapamwamba;
• chikhalidwe cha tizilombo;
• mkhalidwe wa mng'oma.

Kuyendera kumachitika kumapeto kwa chiphuphu chachikulu, m'modzi mwa masiku a September madzulo.

Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kumvetsera pa nthawi yoyendera ndikudyetsa: kodi pali zokwanira kuti zikhale nyengo yozizira? Ngati voliyumu yochulukirapo, ndiye kuti zochuluka ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Ngati, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwanu, chakudya sichikwanira, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kudyetsa banja lanu kapena kupereka fomu. Ndikofunika kuti kuyendera kukuphatikizidwa ndi zolemba zomwe zinthu zotsatirazi zidzawonetsedwa:

• chaka cha kubadwa kwa chiberekero ndi kutha kubereka ana;
• chiwerengero cha njuchi ndi misewu, dziko la mabanja;
• chakudya;
• chiwerengero cha mafelemu otsala m'nyengo yozizira.

Ngati mukukonzekera kukweza malo owetera njuchi, zidzakuthandizani kuti muphunzire za: njira zoberekera njuchi njuchi njuchi, kubalana njuchi mwa kuika, kusuntha, njira ndi zipangizo zogwirira njuchi, komanso ndondomeko za chitukuko cha njuchi.

Pofufuza momwe mabanja amachitira, zidzawululidwa kuti ndi ndani omwe ali amphamvu komanso omwe ali ofooka. Pofuna kuteteza kutha kwa banja losafooka, ndikofunika kusamalira kucheza ndi anthu amphamvu m'kupita kwanthawi.

Muyeneranso kumvetsera nambala ya njuchi. Ngati ali kale, ndiye kuti ntchito yomanga banja ikhoza kuimitsidwa mwa kuchotsa kusungunula ndikukhazikitsa mpweya wabwino mpaka mapangidwe a gululo.

Kusintha kwadongosolo

Musanayambe kusonkhanitsa chisa, muyenera kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mafelemu. Izi ndizofunika kuti zodyetsa anthu onse m'banja. Kusiya mafelemu onse, mlimi amaopseza kuti njuchi zikhazikike pa iwo omwe alibe chakudya konse, kapena gulu lidzagawanika kukhala magawo awiri, zomwe sizinali zabwino, chifukwa zingathe kupweteka imfa ya banja lonse. Choncho, gawo ili ndilofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale malo abwino oti tizilombo tiziyenda. Kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa mafelemu kumachitika panthawi ya zofufuza za banja. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku woyamba, padzakhala koyenera kuyambiranso mkhalidwe wa mng'oma ndi tizilombo masabata angapo. Ngati ndi kotheka, chitani kangapo. Kufufuza kulikonse kudzafunika kuchotsa chithunzi chomwe palibe mbewu.

Kuti mudziwe kuti mafelemu angachotsedwe, muyenera kutsegula padenga la mng'oma kumbali zonsezo. Mafelemu onse osakhala ndi tizilombo ayenera kuchotsedwa.

Pamodzi ndi njirayi, chisa cha njuchi chimasonkhana m'nyengo yozizira.

Zokambirana za msonkhano wachisa

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungapangire chisa kuti njuchi zonse zikhale bwino ndikukhala ndi chakudya chokwanira:

Zachiwiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa umboni, komwe kuli mabanja olimba omwe ali pamsewu 9-12. Chiwembu chake ndi ichi: mkati mwake muli mafelemu ndi uchi ndi perga mu kuchuluka kwa magawo awiri kapena anai ndi mulingo wa uchi 2 kg. Kumbali zonse ziwiri za mafelemuwa amaikidwa uchi ndi uchi mpaka 4 kg. Kawirikawiri, chiwerengero cha mafelemu chiyenera kufanana ndi chakudya cha 25-30 makilogalamu.

Zogwirizana kapena zovuta. Oyenerera mabanja omwe ali ndi mphamvu yamkati, yomwe inapanga misewu isanu ndi iwiri kapena isanu ndi iwiri isanafike nyengo yozizira. Ndi njira iyi, chida chokwanira cha uchi chimayikidwa pamapeto amodzi, mafelemu otsatirawa akukonzedwa kuti atsike. Chomaliza chiyenera kukhala ndi 2-2.5 makilogalamu a chakudya. Zina zonse zili m'gulu.

Ndevu zazing'ono. Kwa mabanja ofooka. Pakati penipeni chimango chachikulu, m'tsogolomu - potsika. Katundu wa chakudya ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 10-15 makilogalamu. Kuti njuchi zizitsatira bwino chakudya, mipiringidzo yamatabwa imayikidwa mwachindunji kwa iwo monga mabuku othandizira.

Phunzirani momwe mungamangire ndi manja anu: Candy, opaka sera, ophikira uchi, dzenje, chipinda chakutentha, njuchi, mng'oma wa Dadan, mng'oma wa Alpine, Beehive Varre, mng'oma wambiri, komanso awerengeni momwe mungamangire njuchi ya njuchi.

Palinso njira yotchedwa "njira Volahovicha". Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, zovala zapamwamba zimatha pa September 20, ndipo pa nthawiyi, 10 kg chakudya chimadyetsedwa ku banja limodzi. Mafelemu 12 a 2 kg ya chakudya amasiyidwa mumng†™ oma kuphatikizapo zina ziwiri zinaikidwa. Zowonjezera zimayikidwa pamwamba pa mng'oma pa mipiringidzo yowonjezera. Pansi pa mng'oma mulibe kanthu. Zilankhulo za cell-cell zimapangidwira mmenemo, momwe zidzakwaniritsire kutsanulira madzi.

Mulimonsemo, nkofunika kupewa kupezeka pakati pa chimango ndi perga.

Mapangidwe a chisa ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga, chifukwa tizilombo tomwe sitidzakhala ndi nthawi yopanga bedi ndikusintha mbali ya chakudya ku chisa.

Mukudziwa? Pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu abwino kwambiri, njuchi imatha kununkhira mbewu pamtunda wa kilomita imodzi.

Kumapeto kwa nyengo iliyonse, mlimi aliyense ayenera kusamalira bwino malo owetera njuchi m'nyengo yozizira, yomwe ili ndi njira zingapo zofunika. Kutsata ndondomeko zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa ubwino wa uchi ndi nyemba zowonongeka, kuchuluka kwa mazira okonzeka kudyetsa, chiwerengero cha mafelemu ndi kusankha chisankho cha misala chisawononge njuchi kuti zikhalebe ndi moyo m'nyengo yozizira, kupereka ana wathanzi ndi amphamvu ndikupeza mphamvu zisanafike nyengo yatsopanoyi. Gulu labwino kwambiri la nyengo yozizira lidzalola mlimi kuthetsa mavuto aliwonse a njuchi m'nyengo yozizira. Chinthu chokhacho chotsalira chake ndi kumvetsera mng'oma nthawi zonse. Phokoso lamtendere lopanda malire lidzawonetsa kachilomboka kakang'ono, phokoso lambiri - kukhalapo kwa vuto.

Kulephera kukonzekera nyengo yozizira kungayambitse mavuto ngati imfa ya chiberekero kapena banja lonse, kusowa chakudya, kulephera kwa anthu ogwira ntchito, kukula kwa matenda. Ndipo kumbukirani kuti ntchito yonse yokonzekera nyengo yozizira iyenera kukwaniritsidwa m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za mwezi wa September, kuchedwa kwa njirayi kumayambanso ndi mavuto aakulu.