Chaka chilichonse zimakhala zovuta kuti pakhale zokolola zokolola. Ngakhale musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ogulitsa mankhwala kumunda wamaluwa ndikutsatira njira zoyambirira za agronomic zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zachilengedwe, simungathe kutsimikiza kuti nkhaka zanu kapena parsley ziri zotetezeka ndipo ziribe zinthu zoyipa.
Amakhala ndi mpweya wotulutsa mpweya, m'nyumba zam'madzi, zomwe zimapuma ndi kusungunuka m'madzi, m'makonzedwe a mankhwala, omwe mwachibadwa amachotsedwa mthupi ndikulowa m'nthaka, mu mafuta, kumene makina opanga amagwira ntchito ndipo amalowa mu nthawi yolima.
Imodzi mwa njira zothandizira kuti zinthu zowonongeka zisalowe m'nthaka sizingagwiritse ntchito nthaka. Izi zidzathandiza hydroponics - yakale komanso nthawi imodzi yomwe ikukula zomera popanda dothi.
Hydroponics
Hydroponics imakuthandizani kulima mbeu osagwiritsa ntchito nthaka - chakudya chofunikira chimabwera ku zomera mwachindunji kuchokera ku njira yothetsera vutoli, yomwe iliyonse bwino komanso yokonzedweratu kuti mbeuyi ikhale yoyenera. 
Matendawa sangathe kukumana ndi kulima kwachikhalidwe m'nthaka.
Mawu akuti "hydroponics" ali ndi mawu awiri achigriki, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha njirayi: υρρα - madzi ndi πόνος - ntchito ndilo mawu akuti "hydroponics", kwenikweni, izi zikutanthawuza kuti "ntchito yothetsera".
Mukudziwa? Ngakhale kuti hydroponics - Njira yapamwamba yomwe ikukhudzana ndi tsogolo, mbiri yake imabwerera ku zakuya zakale. Zimakhulupirira kuti chimodzi mwa zodabwitsa zisanu ndi ziwiri za dziko lapansi - minda yokhazikika ya Semiramis, nkhani zomwe tidazipeza m'mabuku a mbiri yakale ndipo zomwe zinalipo m'zaka za m'ma 2000 BC. e. ku Babulo panthawi ya ulamuliro wa mfumu yotchuka wankhanza Nebukadinezara, idakula mothandizidwa ndi hydroponics.
Chofunika cha njirayo
Njirayi ikukhazikitsidwa pakuphunzira zofunikira za mbewu za zigawo zina ndi momwe mizu imawathandizira. Zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri zakhala zikupindula kuti mudziwe momwe zimakhalira mu nthaka. 
Zofufuza zinapangidwa kuchokera pakukula mmera mu madzi osungunuka, omwe zakudya zina zinawonjezeredwa - mchere wamchere.
Mwachidziwitso, zinapezeka kuti chomera chitukuko chonse chikuwona kufunika koti:
- potaziyamu ya kukula kwathunthu;
- sulfure ndi phosphorous kwa mapuloteni;
- chitsulo ndi magnesium kotero kuti chlorophyll ikhoze kupangidwa;
- calcium kwa chitukuko cha mizu;
- nitrogen.
Mukudziwa? Champas - minda yosungunuka ya Aaztec, yomwe inakhalapo asanalandire dziko la Spain ku Central America. Iwo anali pamtunda wodzaza ndi nyanja ya silt ndipo analibenso china choposa momwe zimagwiritsira ntchito hydroponics. Kuika nsalu yotchinga, yomwe inali ngati gawo lapansi, zomera zimatha kufika pamzuzi wa madzi. Njira imeneyi inawalola kukula bwino ndi kubereka zipatso.
Poyamba, njirayi inakhudza kulima mbeu m'madzi, koma kumiza mmenemo kunakhudza kuti oxygen ku mizu inali yochepa kwambiri, ndipo izi zinachititsa kuti afe, choncho imfa ya chomeracho. 
Izi zinapangitsa malingaliro a sayansi kukhazikitsa njira zina, njira zina. Gawoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito - mankhwala osokoneza bongo chifukwa chokhala ndi thanzi labwino, kumizidwa mu yankho lokonzedwa mogwirizana ndi zosowa za zomera.
Dziwani za hydroponic kulima amadyera, tomato, nkhaka, strawberries.Mtengo wa gawo lapansi unapatsa dzina njira zosiyanasiyana:
- aggregatoponica - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa gawo lapansi lachiyambi: dothi, miyala, miyala, mchenga, etc;
- hemoponica - gwiritsani ntchito monga gawo la moss, utuchi, peat ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi, zomwe siziyimira mtengo wokhawokha wa chomera pawokha;
- Ionitoponics - kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosinthanitsa ndi ion - zinthu zosakanikirana zosakanikirana zomwe zimapereka ntchito zosinthanitsa;
- zowonongeka - kusakhala kwa gawo lapansi, pamene mizu ilipo mu chipinda chopulumutsidwa kuchokera ku kuwala.
Ndikofunikira! Motero, njira ya hydroponic imatsimikizira kukula ndi chitukuko cha zomera, zomwe sizinafesedwe osati m'nthaka, koma mu gawo - mmalo mwake, osapereka chomera ndi zakudya zina, koma kupereka mizu chithandizo cholimba. Zakudya zonse za zomera zimaperekedwa mu njira yothetsera, chifukwa chomwe njira ya hydroponic imatchulidwira.
Chomera, chomwe chilengedwe chimapatsidwa kugwira ntchito mwakhama, kuchotsa chakudya kuchokera m'nthaka yokha ndi kupitiriza mpikisano ndi oyandikana naye, sichinthu chofunikira kwambiri ngati icho chikukula mwa njira ya hydroponics. 
Alibe kusowa kwa zakudya, ndipo amafika ku mizu m'njira yosavuta kufikako, ngati kuti munthu wadula chakudya ndikusowa kusowa kofunafuna.
Chomeracho sichinali munthu, ndipo sichizoloŵera kufooka mu ulesi. Mphamvu yotulutsidwa imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri: imakula ndikukula mofulumira.
Madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi wa hydroponic sagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa kusiyana ndi kulima kwachikhalidwe;
Choncho, njira ya hydroponic imathandiza kuthetsa chikhalidwe cha zomera - kuyang'anira ulamuliro wa zakudya zomwe zimatsimikizira kufunikira kwa mchere ndi kufufuza zinthu.
Ndikofunikira! Hydroponics ndi cholinga chopatsa zomera zabwino zokhazokha chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri zidzapezeka nthawi yochepa kwambiri.Komanso, njirayi imatha kuthana ndi lamulo la kusinthanitsa mpweya, chinyezi ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, kuwunika kwapang'onopang'ono - zinthu zomwe ndizofunikira kuti zinthu ziziwayendera bwino.
Zakale za mbiriyakale
Njira ya sayansi yofotokozera mfundo ya chomera chodyera chomera choyamba idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Aristotle, ndiye iye amene anatsimikizira kuti chotsirizira chomwe chimadza kumzu ngati chakudya chiri ndi mawonekedwe a mtundu.
Pambuyo pa ntchito za Aristotle, nkhaniyi inabweretsedwa kokha m'zaka za zana la 17, pamene asayansi a Chidatchi Johann Van Helmont anayamba kuyesayesa, cholinga chake chinali kudziwa momwe zomera ndi chakudya chenicheni cha chakudyachi chikutengera chakudya.
Zaka mazana awiri zotsatira, asayansi apanga kuti maselo amamera amamangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zamasinthidwe, ndipo izi sizingatheke popanda mpweya.
Zomwe anapezazi zinapezeka chifukwa cha Edma Mariotte, Marcello Malpighi, Stefan Heles, John Woodward, yemwe anali pafupi kwambiri ndi momwe anafotokozera kukula kwa zomera pafupi ndi hydroponics, yomwe ili tsopano. 
Chifukwa cha katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo Justus von Liebig, yemwe m'zaka za m'ma 1900 anaphunzira mfundo za zakudya zowonongeka, zinadziwika kuti amadyetsa zinthu zachilengedwe.
Ntchito zake zakhala zothandiza kwenikweni kwa mbadwo wotsatira wa asayansi.
Apolisi a ku Germany a botany Julius Zachs (Yunivesite ya Bonn) ndi Wilhelm Knop (Leipzig-Mekkern Experimental Station) analamulira mu 1856 kuti amere zomera kuchokera ku mbewu zokhazokha pa njira yowonjezera.
Chifukwa cha izi, zinadziwika zomwe zinkafunikira kuti "chakudya" cha zomera chikhale chokwanira.
Mukudziwa? Muzitsamba zopanda mtengo, njira ya Knopp ya hydroponic system, yomwe inalengedwa pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, ikugwiritsabe ntchito lero.
Pofika m'chaka cha 1860, njira yothetsera vutoli inapangidwira. Amakhulupirira kuti chaka chino adayala maziko a zokolola zamakono popanda kugwiritsa ntchito dothi. 
Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyi, mofanana ndi Knop ndi Zaks, omwe amawoneka ngati Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev ndi Dmitry Nikolaevich Pryanishnikov, yemwe adatsogolera Fertilizer Research Institute atamwalira, adagwira ntchito pa nkhaniyi.
Anali ku sukuluyi kuti panali malo akuluakulu - magetsi a kulima kwa hydroponic.
Mukudziwa? Chifukwa cha mayesero ambiri ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi ku Soviet Union, kumapeto kwa zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, zinakhala zotheka kukula masamba oyambirira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka. Zotsatirazo zinangotengera kuyesa, ndikupatsa masamba atsopano umodzi wa maulendo a polar.
Njira yosankhidwa chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kosalekeza kwa mibadwo yambiri ya asayansi yadziwika zinthu zomwe ziyenera kukhalapo mu njira yothetsera zomera kuti zikule bwino ndikukula, komanso chiwerengero chawo. 
Njirayi inatchedwa "hydroponics" kuchokera ku dzanja la American phytophysiologist, pulofesa ku yunivesite ya California, William Gerickke.
Iye anafalitsa zotsatira za kafukufuku wake mu 1929, ndipo anapambana kwambiri kotero kuti adapeza ntchito yawo panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Asirikali a ku America anadyetsedwa masamba omwe anali mumadzi a hydroponic omwe anapangidwa ndi ziphuphu mumwala wamwala.
Ndikofunikira! Mawu omwe Gerikke adayankha anali opambana kwambiri moti adayamba mizu mu sayansi ndipo adagwiritsabe ntchito lero.
Zaka za m'ma 1930 zidawonetsedwa ndi sayansi, kuphatikizapo zamoyo.
Motero, Chipolishi (motsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa V.Piotrovsky) ndi Hungary (motsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa P. Rechler) panthawiyo, mawonekedwe a hydroponic anaikidwa m'mapiri a Carpathian, omwe mbewu zoyambirira za masamba ndi zokongoletsera zinakula bwino. 
Chipangizo cha hydroponic chimene chinakhazikitsidwa ndi pulofesa wina wa ku Germany dzina lake Hering, womwe unakhazikitsidwa mu 1938 ku Westphalia, malo otchedwa Steinheim, akugwira bwino ntchito tsopano.
Pakalipano, njira za hydroponic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa makontinenti onse polima masamba, zitsamba, zomera zokongola.
Phunzirani zambiri za kukula masamba monga tomato, nkhaka, kaloti, mbatata, beets, tsabola, zukini, kabichi, broccoli, nyemba, lagenaria, turnips, radish, anyezi, biringanya, nyemba, okra, patisson, parsnip.Hydroponics yakula kwambiri kotero kuti njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakhomo.
Maziko a hydroponic
Ndi kulima kwachirengedwe, zakudya zokhudzana ndi mizu zimaperekedwa kuchokera ku nthaka, mosiyana ndi njira ya hydroponic, pamene zakudya zimaperekedwa ku mizu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera.
Machitidwe ena a hydroponic amapereka monga gawo lapansi pokhala ndi gawo losalekerera, lomwe limakhala ngati chithandizo cha mizu, ena amanyalanyaza zigawo zapakati, kuimitsa mizu mumlengalenga mkati mwa malo apadera. 
Malingana ndi njira ya ulimi wothirira, hydroponic machitidwe amagawidwa mu:
- osasamala, momwe njira yothetsera vutoli imathandizira pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za capillary;
- yogwira ntchito, kumene mapampu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse njira yothetsera;
- kuphatikiza, momwe mfundo ziwirizi zimagwirizanirana, ndi zomwe zimaonedwa kuti ndizofunikira kwa mbeu ya hydroponic.
Wick
Njira yamagetsi ndiyo njira yamakono ya hydroponics. Zilibe kanthu ndipo sizikhala ndi ziwalo zosunthira. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya zomerayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito makina opanga. Amatengeka pang'onopang'ono kukhala gawo lapansi.
Mafakitale osiyanasiyana amapezeka pano, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
- perlite;
- vermiculite;
- khoconati ndi zina.
Mpukutu wamakinawo ndi wochepa kwambiri, ndipo amatha kupereka njira yowonjezera yothetsera zomera zochepa zomwe sizikusowa chinyezi komanso zakudya zabwino, monga maluwa okongoletsera kunyumba.Chipinda chozungulira
Yophweka kwambiri hydroponic system - yoyandama nsanja. Ndizitsulo zam'madzi ndi mabowo omwe zomera zimayikidwa. Chidutswa cha mphutsichi chikuyandama mu dziwe la mankhwala, pamene mpweya wa mpweya umadzaza ndi mpweya umene umayenera kuzukira mizu.
Ndondomekoyi ili yoyenera kubzala mbewu zomwe zimakula mofulumira komanso ngati chinyezi chambiri. Ndikofunika kwa oyamba kumene akufunikira kupeza luso linalake lopanga zomera. 
Mafunde osefukira
Dzina lina la kachitidwe ka kusefukira kwa periodic ndi njira ya inflow ndi yotuluka. Mchitidwewu umachokera ku njira yowonjezera yowonjezera ya mchere mu tanki, kumene zomera zilipo ndi kutuluka kwa thanki, kumene amasungidwa. Mfundo imeneyi ikugwirizanitsa ndi machitidwe ambiri a malonda a hydroponic.
Jekeseni wa njirayi imaperekedwa ndi mpope kumizidwa mmenemo, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi khungu la nthawi. Poyendetsedwa ndi timer, pampu imaponyera yankho mu chotengera kumene zomera zimakhala.
Mudzakhalanso wofunitsitsa kuphunzira za kusakaniza kwa masamba, posabzala masamba asanafike nyengo yozizira.Iyo ikatha, madzi amathiridwa mu thanki ndi mphamvu yokoka. Izi zimachitika kangapo patsiku.
Kukonzekera kwa timer kumayikidwa molingana ndi mtundu wanji wa chomera, kutentha kotani ndi kutentha kwa mpweya, ndi gawo lanji lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito. 
Mzere wosanjikiza
Njira yowonjezera michere - yowonjezera pakati pa ma hydroponic. Zili choncho chifukwa chakuti yankho limasunthira pansi pa thanki, ndikukhazikitsa pomwepo. Nthaŵi zonse imayendayenda mumsewu wotsekedwa, kotero palibe chifukwa choperekera mpope ndi timer.
Sikuti mizu yonse imayikidwa mu njira yothetsera vutoli, koma ndizomwe zimapangidwira, ndipo chomeracho chimasungidwa mumphika ndi malo otuluka kunja kwa mizu. Njira iyi safuna magawo. Pamwamba pa njirayi, mlengalenga ndi chinyezi, ndipo imapereka oxygen yokwanira mizu.
Ndikofunikira! Kulumikizana kofooka mwa njirayi kumadalira magetsi: mwamsanga pamene kayendetsedwe kaima, pamene mizu ikuyamba kuuma, zomera zimamwalira mwamsanga.Kugwiritsira ntchito makinawa, osagwiritsa ntchito magawo, kumabweretsa ndalama zambiri.
Kuwaza ulimi wothirira
Ndondomeko yothirira madzi imagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana:
- miyala;
- miyala;
- basalt granules;
- ubweya wamchere;
- kondomu chips;
- perlite;
- dothi lowonjezera;
- vermiculite, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Komabe, monga kale, dongosololi limadalira magetsi, ndipo yankho liyenera kuyenda mosalekeza. Ngati njirayi ikusokonezeka, zomera zidzaopsezedwa mwamsanga, zomwe zingathe kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito gawo lapansi lomwe limamwa madzi.Mbewu zimakhala mu chidebe chodziwika kapena miphika yowonjezera, yomwe imakupangitsa kukhala kosavuta pamene mukufunikira kukonzanso zomera, kuwonjezerani ku dongosolo, kapena kuwachotsa kumeneko. Njira yothetsera yogwiritsira ntchito mpope kudzera pampu imadyetsedwa kwa mbewu iliyonse kudzera m'machubu.
Aeroponica
Njira zamakono komanso zamakono zamakono ndi njira zowonongeka. Zimaphatikizapo ulimi wothirira wochuluka wa mizu, pamene malo onse amakhala ndi mpweya wodzaza ndi nthunzi ya madzi, kudyetsa zomera ndi mchere ndi mpweya.
Mizu yosafunika sayenera kuyuma.
Ndondomekoyi imayendetsedwa ndi timer yomwe yayikidwa kwa mphindi ziwiri. Njirayi ndi yothandiza ngakhale ngakhale kutentha kwakukulu kwa njirayi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zivomereze ngakhale m'malo omwe nyengo imakhala yotentha.
Zopindulitsa zazikulu ndi zovuta
Tekesi yamakono ilibe ubwino, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi zina zosokoneza, ndipo izi ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa hydroponics. 
Zotsatira
Hydroponics amachepetsa zovuta za kukula, ndipo izi ndi chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono ndikugwiritsire ntchito kumoyo.
- Zokolola ndi kukula kwachulukidwe kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha mphamvu zowonongeka za mbeu pochotsa zakudya m'nthaka. Zimakhala zolimba komanso zogawana bwino, zikuwonetsa mphamvu zowonjezera chifukwa chokhazikika.
- Zomera palibe zinthu zowononga zomwe zingatenge kuchokera ku dothi ngati mukulima. Zili ndi zinthu zokha zomwe zinaperekedwa kwa iye mthupi mwake - osakhalanso, osachepera.
- Kutsegula tsiku ndi tsiku sikufunika, komanso kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa madzi kumakhala kosavuta: mbewu iliyonse imalandira monga momwe ikufunira.
- Kuyanika ndi kuthirira madzi sikuchotsedwa, zomwe n'zosatheka kupereka mu ulimi wamakono.
- Zakudya zosatha masiku ano zimakhala zosavuta kubzala: zimakhala zosavuta kupeŵa kuvulazidwa ku mizu, yomwe sichitha kuikidwiratu.
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo samagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hydroponics, chifukwa palibe tizirombo, nkhungu ndi matenda omwe amakhala m'nthaka ndipo amakopeka ndi zomera zoyandikana nawo. Nthanga zamsongole, zomwe zimakula mofulumira zimatha kulima mbewu zomwe zimalimidwa, sizilinso kuthetsedwe, mosiyana ndi nthaka.
- Nkhani yothetsa nthaka imatha, ndipo imachepetsa mtengo wa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera zapanyumba zakunja.
- Kusamalira mofulumira kwa zomera poyerekeza ndi zomwe zimakula pansi: palibe fungo losakaniza, dothi, tizirombo ndi zina zotero.
- Njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito monga kumasula ndi kupalira sizingatheke, mmalo mwake, mukhoza kumangotenga njira yakukula ndikukhala pafupifupi palibe gawo.
Ndikofunikira! Mwachilungamo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mbande zidakali kukula pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachikhalidwe, ndiyeno nkuyika malo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira inayake, ndikulimidwa molingana ndi sayansi.
Wotsutsa
Pali zina zosokoneza zomwe sitingatchule choncho. M'malo mwake, izi ndizo njira zomwe siziyenera aliyense.
- Mtengo wapatali wa njirayo. Zimayenera kuti nthawi yomweyo mukhale ndi zipangizo zina kuti muthe kusintha ndondomekoyi. Ndalamayi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri kuposa nthawi yomwe imayenera kugula nthaka.
- Kusonkhanitsa kwadongosolo kwadongosolo kuwonjezeranso ndi malonda a zachuma kukusowa ndalama za ntchito ndi nthawi pa gawo loyambalo, zomwe, ngakhale zili choncho, zingathe kulipira mwamsanga ndondomeko yowonongeka bwino, chifukwa kukula msanga kwa zomera ndi mosavuta kuwasamalira kumawapatsa mphoto msanga.
- Njira yopanda chidziwitso imasiya njira ya anthu omwe hydroponics imakhudzana ndi chinthu chopanda pake, chopanda phindu, choncho sichimakhala bwino, pafupifupi chakupha.
- Hydroponics sanaphunzire kukula mizu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amamera mizu, musalole kuti chinyontho chinyontho ndi "kubwezera" zowola.
Malamulo oyambirira akukula zomera
Maonekedwe a mizu amadalira kwambiri malo omwe amakhalamo. Ngati atakula mwa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya hydroponics, adzakhala owala, amadzimadzi, operekedwa ndi villi ambiri.
Pakuika chomera chimene chikukula pansi, mu hydro-culture, m'pofunika kusunga zinthu zina zomwe zingathandize kuti kukula ndi chitukuko chikhale bwino.
Ndikofunikira! Manyowa amasungunuka kwa iye pokhapokha chomeracho chitasinthidwa ndi zinthu zatsopano.
Mmene mungabzala
- Chomeracho chimachotsedwa mu thanki, kumene chinakula, ndikuyikidwa mu chidebe cha madzi. Ziyenera kukhala kutentha.
- Kuthirira mizu ndi madzi kuchokera mu mugugomo kapena madzi okwanira (mtsinjewo uyenera kukhala wopepuka, osati wovuta), uwasambe mofatsa.
- Atatha kutsukidwa, mizu imawongolera ndi kugona pansi. Chomeracho sichiyenera kukhudza mizu ya madzi osanjikiza, yankho lidzafika kwa iwo, kusunthira pamodzi ndi capillaries a gawo lapansi. Ndipo patapita nthawi iwo adzakula moyenera.
- Gawo la pansi limatsanulira pamwamba pa madzi, kutsanulira mu chidebe ndi gawo lapansi pa mlingo woyenera ndikumupatsa pafupi sabata kuti asinthe.
Momwe mungasamalire
Zosowa za zomera ndizofanana, pansi pa zikhalidwe zomwe sizikanakula, koma zenizeni za chisamaliro ndizosiyana.
- Pofuna kupeŵa kuchuluka kwa mchere mu zomera, yankho limalimbikitsidwa kusinthidwa zaka ziwiri mpaka zitatu, kutsuka ndi madzi oyera zonse zomwe zakhudzana nazo.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsira ntchito feteleza osinthanitsa ndi ioni, kupitirira mafuta owonjezera ndi mchere sikuchotsedwa, yankho limasinthidwa pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera, mwachitsanzo, kuipitsidwa.
- Ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo: kuchotsa chomera cha magawo akufa ndikuwatchinjiriza kuti asalowetse yankho.
- Kutentha kwa njira yothetsera sikuyenera kukhala yotsika kwambiri kapena yapamwamba, ndiyomwe imakhala yabwino ngati ikhala ndi mtengo wa +20 ° C. Izi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, pamene chomera chomera chimatha kuwononga pawindo lawindo lomwe liri lozizira kwambiri. Pazochitika zoterezi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kutenthetsa, monga nkhuni kapena chithovu, ndikuyika pansi pa mphika.
- Mwa tizirombo tingayambe kangaude kapena thrips. Zomwe zingatheke kuti maluwawo athetsedwe sizingatulukidwe ngati chotengera chakunja chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zomveka.
Hydroponics ndi Agronomy
M'dziko lamakono, chikhalidwe cha hydroponic chikukulirakulira ndi chiwombankhanga ndi malire, ndikugwiritsira ntchito mosamalitsa chitukuko cha asayansi ambiri omwe agwira ntchito pa nkhaniyi.
Mkhalidwe lero
Machitidwe amakono amapangidwa pogwiritsira ntchito mapulasitiki okha, kuphatikizapo mapampu omwe amavala ndi epoxy. Zida zimenezi ndi zopanda phindu komanso zowonjezereka, ndipo kuphatikizapo magawo osaloŵerera a magawo amatumikira mokhulupirika kwa nthawi yaitali.
Chifukwa cha mapepala apulasitiki, zinakhala zotheka kutumizira kumalo osungirako mtendere omwe ali ovuta, osasangalatsa komanso okwera mtengo.
Zochitika zamakono, zomwe zapeza kugwiritsa ntchito mu hydroponics, zimalimbikitsa izo kuti zikhale zodzikongoletsera ndi zokwanira ndipo, motero, kuchepetsa ndalama. 
Mosiyana, nkofunikira kuzindikira kupitiriza kwa kafukufuku ndikugwiritsa ntchito panthawi yomweyo zotsatira zopezera njira yowonjezera ya zakudya kwa mbeu.
Kale, matekinoloje ndi ofunika pa makontinenti onse a dziko lapansi. M'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, iwo asintha kale ku hydroponics, akukula mbewu zina, monga strawberries, zomwe zimakula ngati yisiti, ndipo mbewu zimakhala zosavuta kukolola.
Njira zowonjezera zothetsera vutoli zimapereka kuonjezera zokolola za mbewu zambiri, pamene kuchepetsa dera lopatsidwa kubzala.
Masiku ano hydroponic systems akupeza kutchuka: pali kuwonjezeka kufunika kwa hydroponic kukula zipangizo ndi zakudya zowonjezera, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wa kupanga mtengo ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa kale kale zosowa monga hydroponics. 
Pamene akukonzekera machitidwewa, omanga akugwira ntchito kuti athe kukwanitsa kudzaza mulingo wa zipinda zomwe zinaperekedwa pofuna kukula kwa zomera pogwiritsa ntchito hydroponics njira.
Chifukwa chaichi, pali ndalama zambiri zomwe zimapulumutsidwa mlengalenga, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimapereka zokolola, choncho ndalama. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, ntchito ikuchitika kuti kuchepetsa ndalama za ntchito.
Kodi pali tsogolo?
Pakalipano, pali njira yapadziko lonse yochepetsera chiwerengero cha anthu akumidzi ndikuwonjezereka m'tawuni, yomwe siidzagwira ntchito yobzala mbewu, koma idzakhalabe yogulitsa.
Hydroponics imatithandiza kuti tipeze anthu okhala ndi mizinda yambiri yomwe imapangidwa komweko, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndalama zoyendetsa katundu sizidzaphatikizidwa pamtengo wake, ndipo ubwino wa kayendetsedwe ka katundu sungakhudzidwe mwina. 
Mbali ina ya vutoli ndi kuipitsa nthaka ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zovulaza ndi kuwonongeka kwawo chifukwa cha ulimi wosaphunzira, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndi zina zotero.
Mu nthaka ya hydroponic sichifunika konse, ndipo ngati simukulimbitsa mkhalidwewo, chilengedwe chikhoza kubwezeretsanso pambuyo pake.
Pofuna kudzisamalira okha, ana awo ndi tsogolo la anthu, konkire, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono, ayenera kutengapo mbali, imodzi mwa izo, pamodzi ndi kufufuza njira zina zopangira magetsi, AIDS ndi khansa, njira zothetsera kuipitsidwa, ndi zina zambiri, ndiko kusintha kwa hydroponics .
Cholinga cha hydroponics ndichokusonkhanitsa zokolola zomwe zingatheke komanso zochepetsera zachilengedwe kuchokera kumadera ochepa kwambiri, pomwe njira zowonjezera zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchepetsa mtengo. 
Okonza mapulani ndi ojambula, omwe ali ndi maganizo amenewa, komanso minda ya Semiramis, amapanga mapulani a minda yamatawuni ndikupanga malingaliro ena osangalatsa omwe alibe chisomo ndi zofunikira.
