Kalendala yamalawi ya tomato ya 2018

Aliyense yemwe ali ndi munda wamaluwa amene amagwira ntchito yolima ndiwo zamasamba akutsatira kalendala ya mwezi, malinga ndi momwe kuli kofunikira kuti azilima.

M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za dongosolo la kulima tomato mu 2018, kuyambira pakufesa mbewu mu March ndi kutha ndi nyengo yokolola.

Zamkatimu:

• Kumera ndi kufesa mbewu
• Kusankha
• Kudyetsa mbande
• Mukabzala mbande mutseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha
• Kupalira kuti mutsegule
• Masking
• Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
• Kukolola

Nthawi yobzala tomato kwa mbande pa kalendala ya mwezi mu 2018

Kawirikawiri m'minda yapadera pamalo otseguka, makamaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, mbewu sizinafesedwe. Mwa izi, mbande zisanayambe kukula, ndipo pokhapokha zimabzalidwa pamalo osatha a kulima. Komanso, njira yotchedwa agrotechnical imalola pang'ono pang'ono, mu July, kuti akole mbewu yoyamba. Chinthu chachikulu sichiphonya masiku abwino okudzala mu March, kuti mbewu za tomato zakhazikitsidwe bwino ndipo m'tsogolomu zakula bwino. Tiyeni tiwone Kodi zidzachitika liti mu 2018?. Kuyambira kwa agogo aakazi tinapeza mwambo wofesa mbewu za tomato pa March 8th. Munjira zambiri, iwo anali olondola, koma, poyamba, mu nthawi yathu pali kuwala kwapadera kwa mbande, zomwe "zimatalikitsa" masana ndikukulolani kuti muyambe kufesa pang'ono kale.

Ndipo kachiwiri, kuti mudziwe tsiku, muyenera kulingalira zinthu zosiyanasiyana:

• zomera zosiyanasiyana (oyambirira kapena mochedwa);
• dera laderalo (chonchi cha kumapeto kwa kasupe frosts);
• kusintha kwa mwezi;
• Kodi mukukonzekera kukolola (kumachepetsa kukula kwa masiku 7-10);
• Zinthu zolima masamba (lotseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha).

Poganizira miyambo yonseyi, tsiku lokonzekera la mbande limatsimikiziridwa, ndipo masiku 60 "akubwezeretsanso" mmenemo kwa mitundu yoyambirira kapena masiku 75 kwa mitundu yochedwa. Zotsatira za mawerengerowo ndi tsiku lofesa, ndithudi, lidzasinthidwa pa magawo a mwezi.

Ndikofunika kuganizira kusintha kwa miyezi synodic mu umisiri wamakono kuti chomera chikhale molingana ndi zochitika zake zachilengedwe, ndiko kuti, kukolola zochuluka.

Kumera ndi kufesa mbewu

Ngati mukufuna kudzala mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha mu sabata yoyamba ya June, ndiye mbewu ziyenera kufesedwa m'zaka khumi zachiwiri za March. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chovuta. Ndipo masiku enieni obzala, kuganizira maderawa, mu March 2018 kwa tomato adzakhala (pambuyo pake, kutha kwa madera akummwera, madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, mwachitsanzo, dera la Moscow, ndi kumpoto):

Koma izi zisanachitike, njere ziyenera kukonzedwa moyenera:

• kusiya "dummies" ndi "zopopera" zomwe zimayandama pamene zitsanzo zimamizidwa mu njira ya saline kwa mphindi 10;
• kutenthetsa zitsanzo zosankhidwa kwa masiku 2-3 pa betri mu phukusi, ngati izi ziri zoyera (osati zonunkhira) ndipo zimasungidwa mu kuzizira;
• imani mankhwala, mwachitsanzo, kusunga kwa pafupifupi kotala la ora mu njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate kapena kuvala maminiti pang'ono ndi njira yochepa ya hydrogen peroxide;
• onetsetsani kuti muzitsitsa mbeu (ngati ziri zoyera) poziika m'thumba lapafupi ndikuziika m'madzi ofunda kwa maola 12, makamaka madzi omwe amawoneka ndi mavitamini (sodium kapena potassium humate kapena zina zotere), zomwe ziyenera kusinthidwa maola 4 alionse;
• zimere pazitsulo zamadzimadzi zofiira (kapena mapepala a fyuluta) kutentha kwa firiji;
• onetsetsani mazira amtendere kwa maola 12 mufiriji, ndiyeno kwa maola 12 kutentha kwa + 18 ± 2 ° С, ndikubwereza ndondomeko 2-3 nthawi.

Ndikofunikira! Masiku a mwezi watsopano ndi mwezi wathunthu sali ovomerezeka kuti kulima zomera, kuphatikizapo tomato. Panthawiyi ndibwino kuti musamagwire ntchito iliyonse.

Mbewu ya mbande imafesedwa m'dothi losakanikirana pang'ono, imadzaza ndi mabokosi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi mbali ya masentimita 10 m'litali. Zithunzi zimenezi zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo alionse kapena munda waukulu wa DIY, koma ngati mukufuna, mukhoza kupanga manja anu mofanana ndi nthaka, humus ndi peat, kuwonjezera phulusa la phulusa ndi dontho la fetereza ya phosphate. Chomera chokonzekera choyenera kumakhala kutenthedwa mu ng'anjo kwa mphindi khumi, kutentha kwa 180 ± 20 ° C, kapena mu uvuni wa microwave mphindi yokha mukumayendetsa.

Musanafese, mbewu zosalala zimalimidwa m'nthaka, ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a padzanja, ndila zala ziwiri pakati pa mizere, ndipo zimataya mbewu nthawi imodzi, ndikuziwaza mofanana.

Mukudziwa? Tomato ali ndi serotonin, "hormone yabwino," ndiye chifukwa chake amavomereza kuti ali othetsa nzeru komanso kuti athetse nkhawa.

Mbande imakula mofunda (+ 18 ... +25 ° C), ndi kuyatsa bwino, tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala ndi chinyezi. Kumayambiriro, masiku 14 oyambirira, kuti athetse kutentha ndi chinyezi, zimakhala ndi chivindikiro choyera (galasi kapena pulasitiki) kapena filimu yomwe ili ndi mpweya wokwanira tsiku ndi tsiku.

Nthawi yonse yosamalira mbande ya tomato pa mphindi ya kupopera mphukira panyumba pafupifupi 7 ± 1 milungu, ndikuganizira kalendala ya mwezi. Pa masiku otentha, opanda mphepo ayenera kutengedwa kupita kunja kwa sunbathing. Kuonjezera apo, mphukira yotulukayo imayenera kudyetsa ndi nthawi zonse 1 milungu iwiri iliyonse.

Kusankha

Monga tawonetsedwa ndi chitsanzo cha dera la Moscow, masiku obzala bwino a tomato mu 2018 adzakhala March 20, 25, 30 ndi 31. Zipatso zazitsulo ziyenera kupangidwa pa tsiku la 10 la moyo wawo, zomwe zimayamba sabata pambuyo pofesa. Choncho, kusungidwa kwa "anyamata" kuchokera ku bokosi lalikulu pa matanki onse ayenera kuchitika:

Mitengo ya munthu aliyense ndi mapepala, koma mungagwiritsenso ntchito makapu a pulasitiki okwana 200 ml.

Ndikofunikira! Kusankha kumafuna chisamaliro: mukhoza kuwononga mizu yachisomo ya mbande. Pofuna kuti thupi lapansi likhale lopanda kanthu komanso losavuta, liyenera kuthiriridwa maola awiri asanasankhe.

Kudyetsa mbande

Patatha masiku khumi, mphukira imafunikira chakudya chokhazikika. Nthawi - masabata awiri alionse. Choncho, chakudya choyamba chiyenera kuchitika:

Ndipo yachiwiri kudya ayenera kuchitika:

Monga chovala chokongoletsera, feteleza ovuta kwambiri kapena osakaniza a superphosphate (35 g), potassium sulphate (12 g), urea (4 g), amadzipiritsika mu 10 l madzi. Asanayambe kudyetsa nthaka ayenera kuthira.

Mukabzala mbande mutseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha

Pambuyo pa masiku 40-50 (malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana) mababuwo amamera pa mphukira, ndipo patapita masiku khumi ndi limodzi, nthawi yadzawafesa m'munda kapena mabedi obiriwira.

Ndipo pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zokolola zabwino za tomato zimakhala ndi nthaka yochepa yomwe imakhala yosauka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa humus, ndi gawo lochepa la asidi-m'munsi komanso mpweya wabwino.

Mabedi asanabzala mbande ayenera kukhala okonzekera m'njira yoyenera: kumasula momasuka, kutenthetsa pansi pa filimu yakuda ndi kukoma ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Pankhaniyi, nitrogen mu feteleza sayenera kukhala owonjezera, mwinamwake zimayambira zidzakula kwambiri zipatso. Kubzala kukufunika kuwombera popanda masamba achikasu ndi masamba a cotyledon, osati mozama kwambiri. Kubzala kumachitika popanda kutuluka kwa dzuwa (madzulo kapena tsiku lamdima) ndi mphepo, mumtunda wouma bwino. Chiwembu chimadalira mtundu wa mbewu.

Kupalira kuti mutsegule

Muyenera kusamalira mabedi osati mutabzala mbande. M'pofunika kulima nthaka nthawi zonse, nthawi yonse ya kukula kwa tomato. Ndipotu, zokolola zawo zimadalira. Choncho mabedi a phwetekere amafunika kukhala namsongole ndi kumasulidwa nthawi zonse.

Kupalira, kuphatikizapo kukhala njira yamakono yodzikongoletsa namsongole, imaperekanso nthaka mosavuta komanso yofunikira. Ndiponsotu, namsongole amachotsa chinyezi ndi zakudya kuchokera ku zomera zomwe zimalima. Ndipo iwo, ngati amaloledwa kukula, apange mthunzi ndi zifukwa za kufalikira kwa matenda.

Masking

Masamba onse kuchokera ku axils a masamba pa nthawi inayake amayamba kukula omwe amatchedwa ana opeza. Mphukirazi sizimapangitsa kuti chitsamba chikhale chokwanira, m'malo mwake, amachepetsanso kukolola kwa zipatso zopangidwa kale. Ndipo pambali, ana opeza amachititsa kuti chitsamba chikhale cholimba kwambiri, chomwe chimapangitsa mthunzi wosafunikira, ndikuwonjezera mwayi wa matendawa. Pofuna kuchepetsa zoopsa zonsezi ndi kuthetseratu zinthu zosasangalatsa, kuchitapo kanthu, kutanthauza kuti kuchotsedwa kwa mbali zosafunikira, kumachitika.

Pamene mukukula tomato, munthu amakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri, choncho ndikofunika kudziwa ngati mukufunikira pasynkovanie tomato Mtola, Rio Fuego, Black Prince, De Barao, Mbalame Yamoto, Nyenyezi ya Siberia, Volovye Sertse, Klusha, Chokoleti, Chio-Chio San, Madeira, Pink Paradaiso, Verlioka.

Ndibwino kuti tigwire ntchito iliyonse pa kulima ndiwo zamasamba pa masiku owuma, opanda mphepo mu hafu yoyamba ya iwo: komano pazomweku kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa mbeu kudzachiritsa mpaka madzulo, ndipo, chifukwa chake, mwayi wawo wodwalayo udzachepetsedwa.

Ndikofunikira! Nthata za phwetekere nthawi zina zimatha kupwetekedwa ndi zipatso (kapena kungogwa pansi), kotero zimayenera kumangidwa kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe mutabzala zomera. Zidzathandizanso kuti zizuke ndikukula mofulumira.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Tomato pafupifupi mitundu yonse, pokhala kale kutchire kapena kutentha, samasowa kusamala mosamala. Muyenera kuchita zonse panthawi, malingana ndi kalendala ya mwezi ndipo musaiwale za kuthirira, makamaka mu July, pamene nyengo imakhala yoyera.

Komabe, tomato, ngakhale mitundu yodzichepetsa kwambiri imafuna ulimi wothirira nthawi zonse kuti usamamwetse nthaka. Thupi liyenera kukhala lokwanira kufikira nthawi yokolola. Njira yopezera madzi ikuthirira pansi pa mizu ya tchire kapena pakati pa mizere, koma bwino - kuthirira madzi okwanira. Kuonjezerapo, kuti muteteze phulusa pang'ono mukhoza kuwonjezera madzi. Kusakaniza kumawonjezera mwayi wa zomera zowonjezera zowola.

Nthawi zambiri ulimi wothirira - masiku atatu (kuphatikizapo nyengo youma kapena yamvula).

Mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira: pamaso pa maonekedwe a maluwa - theka la chidebe pa mita imodzi, ndi nthawi ya maluwa - chidebe pa mita imodzi.

Nthawi yothirira - madzulo. Kenaka chinyezi kuchokera kutseguka pansi chidzasanduka pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mu wowonjezera kutentha madzi pamakoma a chipinda amachepa.

Ndikofunikira! Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi panthawi ya maluwa ndi kucha kwa chipatso kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kukoma kwawo, kugwedeza ndi kugwa.

Kuwonjezera apo, kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chokhazikika ndi kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha, komanso condensate yomwe siimataya pa zomera, muyenera kutsegula chipinda mutatha kuthirira (komanso kutentha) kwa maola angapo.

Kukwera pamwamba kwa tomato zosiyanasiyana kumachitika katatu panthawi ya kukula, koma ndibwino kuti tichite kamodzi pa masabata awiri.

Zomera monga fetereza iliyonse, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti pali nayitrogeni yochuluka kuposa iyo mchere wina, makamaka phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, ndithudi, ngati zinthu izi sizingakwaniridwe m'chilengedwe.

Chiyambi cha umuna - tsiku la 10 pambuyo pa "kusamukira" kumera pamabedi. Kubwezeretsa kumachitika patatha masiku 14. Ndipo kotero.

Kukolola

Monga tafotokozera kumayambiriro, ngati tomato sanafesedwe pamtunda (kapena m'mabedi otentha) ndipo anabzala mbande, ndiye mbewu yoyamba idzakondweretsa mu July, kapena makamaka, patatha masiku 110 mutabzala.

Ndi mtundu wanji wa zokolola kusankha, kugawanika kapena mbewu yonse kamodzi, kutsatiridwa ndi kucha zipatso, zimadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato, komanso ngati masamba adzasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali kapena kutengedwa kutalika. Mulimonsemo, kuyeretsa kuyenera kumachitika nyengo yowuma, nthawi yotentha ya tsiku, kupeŵa kuvulaza zipatso.

Mukudziwa? Zipatso za phwetekere zakutchire zimachepetsa 1 g, pomwe zamasamba zina zimakhala zolemera zoposa 1 makilogalamu.

Matato osapaka amafunika kusungidwa muzinthu zina, zomwe zimasankhidwa malinga ndi momwe ziyenera kukhalira nthawi yosungirako. Choncho, kwa kucha kwa miyezi iwiri, mbewuyi imayikidwa mumodzi wosanjikiza ndipo imasungidwa kutentha kwa + 12 ± 2 ° C ndipo pamakhala chinyezi cha 80 ± 5%. Pakati pa magawo apamwamba a nyengo, zipatso zimavunda, ndipo pamunsi, zimakhala zovuta.

Kuunikira sikumakhudza ndondomeko yakucha, koma nkofunika kutsimikizira mpweya wabwino. Kuwonjezera apo, m'pofunika kuchotsa zipatso zobiriwira nthawi yosungirako, pafupifupi tsiku lililonse, mwinamwake iwo "amasintha" masamba onse.

Kukolola mwamsanga, zipatso zisanayambe kuikidwa zimayikidwa m'magawo awiri ndi kusungidwa ku + 20 ± 2 ° C. Kupsa msanga, zipatso zosapsa zimayikidwa kucha.

Ngati mukufuna kukula zokolola, tsatirani malamulo onse a malangizo ndi ndondomeko. Ndiyeno aliyense adzasangalala: inu ndi nyumba yanu, ndipo mwinamwake, ndiwo zamasamba okha!