Mbuzi ndi imodzi mwa zomera zakale kwambiri. Chimbalangondo chazitsulo - chaka chimodzi chokhala ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe. Mbewu zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mbewu kwa anthu ndi nyama. Mafuta odzola amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala, cosmetology, ndi makampani a mankhwala. Zomera zimapereka ulusi wopangira nsalu. Pa njala, hemp inatha kutenthetsa, kupereka chakudya, komanso kuchepetsa ululu.
Koma masiku ano, kulima luso la hemp, mosasamala kanthu kopindulitsa kwake, kumadzutsa mafunso ambiri.
Kusakanikirana kwa nthendayi
Makampani opanga mankhwalawa ayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama zaka zana zapitazo. Zaka za m'ma 1920 sizinali zovuta kwambiri kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito ya hemp, koma zinatchulidwanso ntchito zomwe zakhala zikuchitika mu makampani awa. Zapangidwe zatsopano zamakono processing chikhalidwe.
M'zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri za makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo, obereketsa a Sumy Institute for Bast Crops anapanga mitundu yambiri ya hemp, komwe tetrahydrocannabinol sikanapezeke, kapena inali yaing'ono kuti sikutheka kuwona zotsatira za tani ya zomera zosuta.
Chifukwa cha zochitika zoterezi, akatswiri a saynabis, omwe analetsedwa m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya chifukwa cha zovuta za chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe, amamva kuti akutsitsimutsa. Ku Germany kokha, pazaka makumi angapo zapitazo, zakhala zoposa zoposa khumi ndi zitatu zamasamba zothandizira. Mu Ukraine, mbewu za chikhalidwe zinachepetsedwa mofulumira.
Mukudziwa? Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kubzala pa dziko la Ukraine kunali mahekitala oposa 120,000, pakati pa makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu makumi asanu ndi atatu - mahekitala oposa 70,000, mu mahekitala makumi asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, mu 2011, chiwerengero cha mahekitala 357 chinaperekedwa m'malo odyera. Mu 2008, hemp yazitsulo inakonzedwa ku mabungwe ena atatu, ndipo mu 2010 - pokhapokha.
Maonekedwe
Zida zamakono (osati mankhwala osokoneza bongo) hemp ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi cha mtundu wa lubovoloknistoy wa banja la Cannabis, omwe ali ndi THC ya osapitirira 0,08%, yomwe cholinga chake chinali kukula kwa fiber ndi mbewu.
Mu chikhalidwe chonse, tsinde ndilofunika kwambiri, limakhala 70% ya kulemera kwathunthu. Kuti iye ndiye gwero la utitiri. Kutalika, tsinde likhoza kufika kuyambira 80 cm mpaka 4 mamita, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu ndi zomwe zimakula. Mapaundi amtundu wa 2 mpaka 30 mm.
Tsinde la mbewulo ndi lolunjika, nthambi, tetrahedral pamwamba, pamwamba pa nkhope zisanu ndi chimodzi, kuzungulira pansi. Mu mawonekedwe, tsinde la hemp ndilofanana ndi chikhomo. Masamba a chomera ndi ovuta a petioles omwe ali pamphepete mwa mapepala, ali ndi mapepala 5 mpaka 7.
Zomera zamakampani zamtengo wapatali monga shuga beet ndi fakitale zatsika kwambiri.
Chikhalidwe maluwa amasiyana mogonana. Amuna amakhala ndi mthunzi wobiriwira wobiriwira, womwe umakhala wobiriwira. Kuperewera kwazimayi ndizovuta, zimakhala ndi masamba akulu pamwamba.Amuna a chikhalidwe akhala ndi nthambi zambiri ndi timapepala tating'ono, pomwe amayi azimayi ali ndi masamba obiriwira komanso fungo labwino. Mafuta ochokera ku zomera zamwamuna amadziwika ndi elasticity ndi softness, kuchokera ku zomera zomera - ndi durability ndi rigidity.
Amuna a chikhalidwe amakula mofulumira komanso mochuluka kwambiri, pamene amayi ali ndi mphamvu zowonjezera zinthu zakuthupi. Chomera chachikazi chimamasula mwezi ndi hafu patapita kuposa mwamuna. Dulani zipatso - mtedza wamafuta, nthiti kapena maonekedwe abwino, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zobiriwira.
Ndikofunikira! Kuphika chomera kumadziwika mosavuta ndi mawonekedwe apadera a masamba, omwe amachokera ku kudula, ngati zala.
Mankhwala amapangidwa
Mphindi umaphatikizapo mankhwala okwana 420 osiyanasiyana. Amuna 70 okha ndi amodzi mwa magulu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a psychotropic (izi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku gulu lonse la mankhwala osokoneza bongo).
Pezani zomwe mungachite kuchokera m'masamba, thonje, balere.Zomwe zili ndi THC ndi zinthu zina zofanana, malingana ndi mtundu wa chikhalidwe, zimasokonekera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ma psychotropics ambiri amapezeka ku India hemp. Mbeu yamakono (mbewu) sangakhale nayo THC ndipo, motero, zotsatira zake zonse.
Kuphatikiza pa zida zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala, ziwalo za chikhalidwe zimaperekanso zinthu zambiri za magulu ena: terpenes, steroids, chakudya, phenols, carboxylic acid, mankhwala a nayitrogeni, alkaloids, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo timene timakhalapo. Choncho, kudziwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera ndi maganizo a psychotropic ndi kusankha kosakanikirana kuchokera kumalo owonera mankhwala. 
Mukudziwa? Mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 ku United States of America, analoledwa kulipira misonkho pamsana.Zipatso zazitsamba olemera mu mafuta, mapuloteni, mafuta, ouma-oyanika mafuta, resin, mavitamini ndi zina zambiri. Kuchokera ku mbewu za chikhalidwe, chimbudzi chimapezeka (mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kupanga mapangidwe a magazi, kukula kwa mafupa, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa rickets).
Komanso, udzu wa chomerachi umadziwika ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, ndipo decoction imapanga chophimba ndi chogwedeza njira yotupa mu thupi.
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakukonzeketsa luso la hemp ndilo hemp mafutazomwe zili ndi bactericidal substances, unsaturated acids, glycerols, amino acid, komanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Mafutawa ali ndi mavitamini A, B1, B2, B6, E, K, D. Komanso, zochitika zamakono zasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi carotene, chlorophyll ndi tanins, zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zamtunduwu.
Pezani mafuta othandiza a cloves, mapeyala apamwamba, chitowe chakuda, ananyamuka, thuja, lavender.
Ntchito
Katswiri wa teknolojia ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amatha kupereka zakudya zowonjezera komanso zathanzi, kutentha, kuvala zovala, kuthana ndi mavuto azaumoyo komanso kuthandizira kumanga nyumba.
Pogwiritsa ntchito malonda
Hemp yamakono imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kupanga mafakitale. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa mumapanga zovala zokongola, nsapato ndi zovala zamkati (zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhwala komanso mankhwala othandizira).
Mbali yoyenera kwambiri ya chikhalidwe cha makampani opangira (fiber manufacturing) ndi tsinde, lomwe limaimira pafupi 65% ya kulemera kwa mbeu yonse. Kutalika kwa fiber komwe kumapangidwa mwachindunji kumadalira mtundu wa mbewu ndi zolima.
Kawirikawiri, chiwerengerochi n'chotheka kuchokera mamita 0.7 kufika mamita 4. Kuzindikira mwakhama kwa nsalu zamakono kuchokera ku chikhalidwe ichi kumachitika pakhomo ndi pa intaneti.
M'makampani ogulitsa
Kuyambira nthawi zakale, makolo athu ankayesa mbewu zachitsulo monga nyumba yosungira zakudya. Nthanga ndi masamba otere a zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu makampani ogulitsa.
Mchitidwe wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsira ntchito chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe wakhalabe umodzi wa zofunika kwambiri lero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zakudya, zamasamba, zakudya zamasewero. Chofunika kwambiri pankhani imeneyi ndi mbewu za zomera, zomwe zimapanga 48% chakudya ndi 33% mafuta.
Pezani chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri adyo, maswiti, tsabola wobiriwira, turmeric, sinamoni, kaloti, maapulo, yamatcheri, yamatcheri, strawberries, woyera currant, wakuda, ofiira, nthenga, hemp nettle, mpiru, mafuta onunkhira, mafuta odzola.Zakudya zowonjezera, zopindulitsa ndi mafuta a polyunsaturated acids, mavitamini ndi microelements, nyemba zamphongo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha komanso mwazinthu zina zopangidwa.
Mafuta - imodzi mwa mankhwalawa, omwe amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe apadera komanso othandizira, amatenga ndi kuzizira kochokera ku mbewu za chikhalidwe. 
Ndikofunikira! Mbeu zowonongeka zinadyedwa ngati mbewu mpaka pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900, ndipo mafuta a chikhalidwe ichi anali imodzi mwa zakudya zomwe amadya kwambiri.
Mu mankhwala ndi cosmetology
Masiku ano, kuchotsa mankhwala amtunduwu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama popanga mankhwala othandizira anthu, komanso pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za kupanga mankhwala.
Kuwaza mafuta kumakhala ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, choncho ndibwino kuti mukhale nawo mu zakudya zaumunthu pa zovuta za khansa, zovuta kupuma, chimbudzi kapena mavoti a mtima.
Makampani a zamankhwala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mbewu, masamba ndi zigawo zina za zimayambira za mbeu kuti apange tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kukonzekera kukonzekera kupanga mapangidwe a magazi ndi kupanga mapangidwe a mafupa, komanso zinthu zothana ndi ziphuphu.
Ndi mitsempha, nyemba zoyera, walnuts, turnips, masamba a burdock, mtedza wa Manchurian, tricolor violet amathandiza.
Mu kupanga
Mu mafakitale a fakitale, hemp imatengedwa kuti ndibwino kwambiri kudzaza tizilombo tomwe timapanga tizilombo komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Alimi amagwiritsanso ntchito keke yowonjezera mbewu, kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimathandiza nyama, monga chakudya cha ziweto.
M'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku
Mankhwalawa amatha kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, omwe amachititsa kufunafuna njira zogwiritsira ntchito zokolola zamasamba mu bizinesi yokonza. Chigawo chimodzi cha chikhalidwechi n'choyenera kuti apange mapuloteni, zowonjezera ku konkire (kuwonjezera zizindikiro za mphamvu), pulasitiki yamoto, komanso mapulani ndi mavitamini.
Mayiko omwe akutsogolera pa ntchito yomanga hemp ndi United Kingdom (2009 - kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamu yomanga nyumba, makoma omwe ali ndi laimu, katemera wa keke ndi zomera zouma) ndi Germany (amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko a pansipo komanso kuika maofesi a nyumba).
Mphamvu zina
Zogulitsidwa zomwe zili kunja kwa nsonga za hemp, komanso zigawo zina zowuma, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwero a mphamvu zowonjezera.
Phunzirani kugwiritsa ntchito udzu.
Mafakitale a puloteni amatha kutentha pang'ono kusiyana ndi malasha amoto, koma amaposa mitundu yofewa ya matabwa.Mukudziwa? Yoyamba yoyimirira galimoto "Ford Model-T" Ankayenda kuchokera ku hemp, mbali zina za makina amenewa zinatulutsidwa kuchokera ku chikhalidwe ichi. Henry Ford ankakonda kujambulidwa kumbuyo kwa munda wake wokha.
Makampani opangira
Masiku ano, zamkati zamatabwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala, kotero kupitirira 40% pa chaka chogwirira ntchito ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira pa pepala. Njira imeneyi si yongopeka chabe, komanso iwononge chilengedwe chonse komanso anthu makamaka.
Ngakhale kale, anthu ankadziwa kugwiritsa ntchito hemp polemba mapepala, chifukwa chakuti mapepalawa ndi ofunika kwambiri, amphamvu, ndipo amawononga ndalama zochepa kusiyana ndi matabwa. Mahekitala amodzi a chikhalidwe amatha kupanga matani sikisi a cellulose, omwe ali oposa hekta imodzi ya nkhalango pachaka.
Kutsekemera kwa hemp njira ndi masiku 120 okha, ndipo ikhoza kukhala wamkulu pafupifupi kulikonse.
Mabuku ambiri ofunika kwambiri m'mbiri yakale apulumuka kufikira lero lino chifukwa cha mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa pepala la hemp: mapepala oyambirira a mapepala, US Constitution and Declaration of Independence, Baibulo la Gutenberg, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthaŵi zosiyana popanga mapepala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamapepala, ndowe, tsiperus, yucca.Zida zamakono za m'zaka za zana la XIX ndi chitukuko chowonjezereka cha chigwirizano chinapereka kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kufunika kwa pepala. Chokhutira chomwechi chikuchitika pa mafakitale, koma popeza makina oyambirira opanga sanagwiritse ntchito bwino mapepala a hemp kupanga mapepala, zinthu zosavuta, nkhuni.
Koma lero pali zatsopano zamakono zothandizira kuti zitsulo zikhale zothandiza kuchotsa silicates kuchokera ku mapangidwe a hemp fiber, omwe amachepetsa kwambiri makinawa ndikuwapangitsa kukhala oyenerera kutembenuzidwa kukhala pepala, izi ziyenera kuchititsa kusintha kwa mtundu wambiri komanso wosagula mtengo wa zowonjezera.Komanso, musaiwale kuti chikhalidwe chingakhale chokwera mtengo komanso chosavuta kupanga kupanga pulasitiki, zopangidwa zopotoka (zingwe, twine ndi zina), komanso zachilengedwe zoteteza zachilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Kubwerera mu 1916, nyumba yamalamulo ya ku United States inanena kuti pofika chaka cha 1940, malonda onse a zamkati amatha kugwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati ali ndi hemp, chifukwa, malinga ndi asayansi, mapepala ambiri ochokera ku hekta imodzi ya mbewuyi ali ofanana mahekitala 4 a nkhalango.
Kukula
Popeza chomera chikukula bwino mu nthaka yozizira ndi kutentha pang'ono ndi kotentha, nkoyenera kuyamba kufesa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Nthawi yakucha kwambiri ndi pafupifupi masiku makumi awiri ndi awiri (120), zomwe zimakulolani kukolola chilimwe (ngati mukufesedwa mu March).
Kulima kwa hemp kuyendetsedwa bwino ndi kulima mbewu zina, chaka chilichonse kulemekeza malamulo a kusintha kwa mbewu. 
Alimi odziwa bwino amalimbikitsanso kusintha mbeu za kubzala kamodzi pazaka zingapo (kawirikawiri kamodzi pa zaka zitatu), komanso thumba la ndalama likugwiritsidwa ntchito mokhazikika kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafakitale. Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti akhalebe otsika ngati THC (monga mwalamulo).
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti, malingana ndi cholinga chogwiritsira ntchito chomera chotsirizidwa (kupeza mbewu kapena ulusi, ntchito imodzi imodzi kapena imodzi), m'pofunika kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbeu.
Akatswiri a agrarian gawo amasonyeza mbeu ya 100 kilogram, yomwe iyenera kugawidwa mofanana pa hekita imodzi ya nthaka yogwira ntchito. Mitundu ya kumwera ndiyo yowonjezereka kwambiri, choncho ngati idzafesedwa imafunika makilogalamu 20 pa hekitala.
Peyala, nyemba, lupine, nyemba, clover, shuga beets, mbatata, ndi chimanga zidzakhala zogwirira ntchito zabwino za hemp.
Zinthu zofunika pakukula
Katswiri wazitsamba ndi mbewu yabwino yolima ndi alimi aliwonse, popeza chomeracho sichisamala kwambiri, chimakula mofanana pa dothi losiyanasiyana, komanso zimayenera kulima m'madera osiyanasiyana.
Mankhwalawa amamvetsetsa feteleza, amayankha nitrophoska, nitroammoposku, slurry, manyowa.Kuphika kumagonjetsedwa ndi kutentha ndi nyengo yamadzi (chilala, kutentha kwambiri), ali ndi matenda oopsa ndi tizilombo toononga. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, hemp imapatsa udzu wamtundu wa zofunikira zoyenera kumera, ndipo mitundu yambiri ya tizilombo timayambanso mantha ndi hemp.
Zomera zamakono zogwirizana ndi mitundu yambiri ya zomera zomwe zimalima alimi, ndizitsamba zomwe zimayambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kuchokera ku nthaka zomwe sizikusowa kapena kuvulaza zomera zina (zitsulo zolemera), komanso zimapangitsa nthaka kukhala ndi zinthu zofunikira kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri kwa zomera zina .
Choncho, chikhalidwe chimaonedwa kuti ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa kayendedwe ka mbewu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pofuna kuonjezera zokolola zazomwekulima, ndibwino kuti tiganizire mbali zina za kulima.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhumba zabwino kwambiri zamtunduwu zimakula m'mayiko omwe ankakonda kulima mbewu zachisanu, mbatata kapena chimanga.
Kusinthanitsa
Kuphika ndi chomera chokha chomwe chimakhala ndi mwayi wapadera wa zachuma ndi zachilengedwe. Masiku ano pali mankhwala okwana 35,000 omwe angapangidwe pokonza chomera ichi.
Zowoneka bwino komanso zosavuta, koma zosakaniza zopangidwa ndi hemp stalk fiber. Chigawo ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama popanga zingwe zosiyanasiyana, zingwe, zitsulo zamagetsi ndi zovala.
Zipangizo zamakono zapamwamba zakhala zikudziwika padziko lonse chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwawo, kusungunuka, komanso kutaya katundu wothandiza m'madzi a mchere komanso pansi pa kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zapanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi hemp fiber yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri mu bizinesi. 
Ngati panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito timapanga tizilombo tomwe timapanga, ndiye kuti zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga magalimoto, ndege, ndi makomboti. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti n'zotheka kupeza thonje lamtengo wapatali wa thonje, komanso zipangizo za kutentha ndi kutulutsa mawu kuchokera ku kapangidwe kake ka hemp.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, zigawo zapakati pa zimayambira ndizofunika zogwirira ntchito zamakina komanso zamakina, kupanga zipangizo zamatabwa, komanso ngati mafuta a zomera zina.
Mapulogalamu omwe amapezeka pogwiritsira ntchito phesi ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga mapepala apamwamba, omwe samasintha, amakhala osasunthika komanso okhazikika. Komanso, polymerizing mapulosi, n'zotheka kupanga mapulasitiki, omwe savulaza chilengedwe chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. 
Nthanga zamakono za hemp, zomwe ndizofunika zamagulu zakudya (48% chakudya), zimatha kukonzedweratu. Nthawi zambiri, nyemba zam'mimba zimakhala ndi 29-35% mafuta, omwe alibe zakudya zamtengo wapatali, koma amagwiritsidwanso ntchito muzojambula zodzikongoletsera komanso zomangamanga.
Komanso, mutapeza mafuta ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera chakudya, zimakhala zokhazokha zomwe zimapangidwira.
Ndikofunikira! Mothandizidwa ndi zochitika za sayansi yamakono ndi mafakitale okonzekera, pafupifupi zonse zopangidwa ndi matabwa, thonje, mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta angapangidwe kuchokera ku luso lamakono. Zomera za zomerazi zikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala methane, methanol, biodiesel kapena biogas, zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi mtengo wa mankhwala a mafuta. Komanso, kupanga kumeneku ndi kotetezeka komanso kochezeka.
Chitsamba chazitsulo ndizomwe zimakhala zotetezeka mwatsatanetsatane chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo m'thupi. Phindu la chikhalidwe ichi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi izo zikuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse. 
