Broccoli Kwadziwika kale kwa zakudya zake. Broccoli ikulimbikitsidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga komanso anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, ndipo ambiri a folic acid ndi ma fiber amapanga chofunika kwambiri kwa amayi apakati.
Mmene mungamere mbande paokha
Musanabzala, chinthu choyamba muyenera kusankha pa zosankha zosiyanasiyana, kenako mumakonzekera mbeu za broccoli. Izi zimachitidwa pofuna kupewa matenda ndi kuwonjezereka kumera.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji mbeu musanadzalemo?
Sankhani nyemba zazikulu ndi zathanzi, kuzikulunga mu gauze ndikuyika madzi otentha (50 ° C) kwa mphindi 20 ndikuzizira kwa mphindi. Konzani njira yothetsera potassium permanganate ndi boric asidi: pa gramu pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Gwirani mbewu mmenemo kwa maola 12.
Bwerezerani kayendedwe kake mu phula (supuni imodzi pa lita imodzi ya madzi) kwa maola 6. Sungani mbewuzo ndi madzi ndipo muzitsimikizira pazitsevu zakumunsi za firiji tsiku limodzi, kenako zouma.
Dothi lopanga ndi fetereza
Mbeu za Broccoli zikhoza kufesedwa mu chidebe kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Lembani mabokosi akuluakulu a mbande. Mitsuko iyenera kuikidwa pansi (zidutswa za thovu, miyala yozungulira).
Kukonzekera nthaka yabwino, tenga peat, turf ndi mchenga mumagulu ofanana, onjezerani phulusa laling'ono: lidzalemeretsa nthaka ndi ma microelements. Tsiku loyamba kufesa, kukonza nthaka ndi mdima njira ya manganese (kupewa mdima mwendo).
Kufesa mbewu za mbande
Ngati mukufuna kukolola zoposa mbeu imodzi, fesani mbeu mu magawo 2-3 ndi nthawi ya masiku khumi ndi asanu. Pansi, perekani pang'ono mpaka 1.5 masentimita ndi mtunda wa masentimita atatu pakati pawo. Mbewu, zozama pang'ono, zimera pamtunda wa masentimita 2-3. Fukuta ndi nthaka ndikutsanulira.
Mukudziwa? Chikhalidwe choyamba cha broccoli chinayamba kulimbidwa mu Ufumu wa Roma zaka 2,000 zapitazo. Aroma sanagwiritse ntchito kabichi pofuna kudya, koma amagwiritsanso ntchito mankhwalawa.
Kusamalira mmera
Mwamsanga mutabzala mbande za broccoli, zitsamba ndi mbewu, dziwani mu chipinda chofunda ndi kutentha kwa 20 °. Pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 5 ° ndipo kusungidwa mpaka mpaka kuziika mu malo otseguka.
Kuthirira kumathera tsiku, koma mosamala. Ngati mbande ndi yaulesi ndipo sichikulire bwino, idyani chakudya ndi madzi: 20 g wa ammonium nitrate, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu kloride pa 10 malita a madzi. Manyowa angakhale atatha kupanga masamba awiri.
Kubzala mbande za broccoli ndi theka la nkhondo; Dulani mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha. Broccoli sangalekerere njirayi bwino, m'pofunika kubwezeretsa pamodzi ndi dothi lotseka, mosamala kwambiri.
Kusindikiza mu greenhouses kumachitika patangotha masabata awiri utakula. Mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka nthaka imamera ku masamba a cotyledon. Kutseguka nthaka kuikidwa patsogolo pa maonekedwe a 6 masamba abwino.
Ndikofunikira! Masiku 7-10 musanabzala pa malo, chomeracho chaumitsa, kusiya zitseko za wowonjezera kutentha kutseguka kwa maola angapo patsiku.
Kubzala mbande za broccoli pamalo otseguka
Ambiri amamera m'munda mwachangu, posankha kukula kabichi ya broccoli m'njira yopanda madzi. Njirayi ndi yophweka, koma pali chiopsezo chochepa kumera ndipo nthawi zina sichikukolola.
Zosangalatsa Kwa nthawi yaitali Broccoli amatchedwa "Italy katsitsumzukwa katsitsumzu", poyang'ana pa chiyambi chake. Kotero izo zikufotokozedwa mu "Dictionary ya Gardener Philip Miller" (ya 1724). Malingaliro oyambirira a broccoli ndi a French akuwonekera ku 1560, ndipo Ajeremani amatcha "brauner Kopf", omwe amatanthawuza kuti "mutu wakuda".
Nthawi zabwino zokhalapo
Kulima mbewu kumapangidwa mu theka lachiwiri la March kapena m'masiku oyambirira a April. Mbande zokonzedwa mu March, choyamba chowongolera mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiyeno, wamphamvu, pa mabedi. Mbewu za April zimatulutsidwa nthawi yomweyo mu May. Mbande zimabzalidwa madzulo, posankha tsiku la mitambo kubzala.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera malo otsetsereka
Broccoli amakonda dzuwa ndi kutentha, chifukwa chokhazikika, amasankha malo otentha kwambiri. Nthaka yobzala kabichi ya kabichi imakonzedwa pasadakhale. M'dzinja, chiwembucho chimakumba ndipo feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: ammonium nitrate 40 g, superphosphate ndi potaziyamu kloridi 30 g iliyonse. Mungathe kufika ndi humus: 2 kg pa mita imodzi. M) Munda wochuluka laimu laimu dolomite ufa.
M'chaka, manyowa amapangidwa mu nthaka: chidebe pa mita imodzi. 200 g nkhuni phulusa ndi supuni ya supuni ya urea yowonjezeredwa ku dzenje lofukula kubzala, ndiye kuthirira madzi ochuluka.
Otsatira abwino ndi oipa
Nyemba, tirigu, mbatata, dzungu, anyezi ndi nkhaka ndizomwe zimayambitsa broccoli. Musamabzala kabichi pambuyo pa kabichi, beets, tomato, turnips, radishes ndi radishes. Ndibwino kuti tiike broccoli pabedi la munda komwe kabbages imakula osati kale kuposa zaka 4 zotsatira.
Ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko yobwera
Pakati pa maenje odzala achoka pamtunda wa masentimita 40, pakati pa mizera - 60 masentimita. Maenje adakumbidwa kuti akuya mofanana ndi kutalika kwa mmera. Mphukira imakula mwathunthu, ndikusiya pamwamba chabe. Fukuta ndi dziko lapansi, musadzaze malo omwe akukula, ndipo musanadzalemo, panizani mzere wolimba kwambiri mmera - izi zidzakuthandizani kupanga mizu yolimba.
Chisamaliro choyenera: zinsinsi zabwino zokolola
Pali mawonekedwe omwe amasamalidwa ndi kabichili kunja. M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, muyenera kupanga mthunzi wopangira. Kuti apange chinyezi chomwe kabichi amakonda, amaika zitsulo ndi madzi pafupi ndi mabedi, mukhoza kupopera mbewu.
Kuthirira ndi kukulitsa nthaka
Kuthirira mbewu kumapangidwa nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka mutabzala, pamene mukuwombera m'malo atsopano. Kenaka kuchepetsa kuthirira, kuonetsetsa kuti nthaka siuma. Pakati pa chitukuko kabichi mitu, kuthirira ndiwonjezeka.
Mitengo yaing'ono imayenera kukhala ndi mulch mutabzala kuti musunge chinyezi. Kuonjezera apo, mulch idzateteza kukula kwa namsongole ndi kutentha kwa mizu m'nthaka.
Kubzala ndi kumasula nthaka
Pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira, kutsegula kumatulutsa, nthaka ikhale yodzaza ndi mpweya. Thupi la nthaka lotayirira limapangidwira bwino ndipo limabweretsa zakudya m'mizu ya mbewu.
Amaluwa ambiri amawotcha kabichi kuti apange mizu yowonjezera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti chomera chikhale cholimba.
Ngati namsongole atulukira, ayenera kuchotsedwa. Onetsetsani kuti mukuthira nyemba sikusokoneza mizu ya mbeu.
Top dressing broccoli
Mutabzala, kabichi imadyetsedwa, kupanga mullein kulowetsedwa (1 gawo mullein pa magawo khumi madzi). Mu kulowetsedwa, mukhoza kuwonjezera zosakwanira za supuni za urea.
Chakudya chachiwiri chikuchitika masiku 14. Dung slush (1 mpaka 4) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pazu.
Nthawi yachitatu zomera zimamera panthawi yopanga inflorescences. Konzani yankho la superphosphate: 2 tbsp. l 10 malita a madzi, yankho ndikwanira 10 zomera.
Kuvala kotsiriza kumachitika mutadula mutu.
Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza, yang'anani zomera - mwa maonekedwe ake amatha kumvetsa zomwe zimasoweka. Ndi kusowa kwa nayitrogeni kabichi imakula bwino, masamba apansi amatembenukira chikasu ndi kuuma. Ngati pali potaziyamu pang'ono, masamba amasintha mtundu kukhala wobiriwira, m'mphepete mwawo umakhala wouma, ndipo makapu sakhala olemera.
Kukolola
Broccoli amamera patapita miyezi 3-4 mutabzala mbande. M'nyengo ya chilimwe, zokolola zingapo zikhoza kukolola - atadula mutu wapakati, zomera zimapitiriza kukula.
Kukolola broccoli kumachitika bwino m'mawa pamene pali madzi ambiri m'mutu. Palibe chifukwa choti mulindire mutu kuti atenge mulu waukulu, ndi wathanzi komanso tastier, ali wobiriwira.
Mutu wandiweyani umangotenga kanthawi pang'ono kuti uphike mpaka utamaliza. Kusonkhanitsa mitu yaikulu yotayirira, iwe umasowa wekha kwambiri mchere.
Chokolola choyamba chingasungidwe kwa pafupifupi sabata mu furiji kapena chisanu m'nyengo yozizira. Zotsatira - zoyenera kusungirako nthawi yayitali m'chipinda chapansi kapena m'chipinda chapansi.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta broccoli, momwe tingachitire ndi iwo
Waukulu matenda a kabichi - mwendo wakudakukhudza chomera mbewu zakale. Mabakiteriya akhoza kukhala m'nthaka, atasiyidwa kuchokera kumalo ake oyamba. Kulimbana ndi matenda sikumveka - kumakhudza zomera kuchokera mkati.
Chenjerani! Chikumbutso cha agrotechnics mukamabzala mu mbande ndi kutseguka pansi ndibwino kwambiri kupewa matenda a broccoli. Chithandizo cha kubzala zakuthupi, chisankho choyenera cha kutsogolo ndi kusinthika kuthirira ndi kuvala ndicho choyamba chokhazikitsa mbewu yochuluka, yathanzi.
Broccoli ingakhudzidwe ndi tizirombo. Kuchotsa kabichi kuchokera ku slugs, pa mabedi akuwaza mazira a mazira.
Pewani kuukiridwa kwa mbozi kufesa marigolds kudzathandiza. Selari pakati pa mabedi idzawopseza utoto woyera ndi udothi, ndi katsabola - aphid. Peppermint yomwe imamera pafupi siikonda mbozi.
Kuti muchotse tizilombo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito fodya, tsabola kapena msuzi pamwamba pa tomato. Ngati njira zachikhalidwe sizikuthandizani, onani mankhwala: "Aktellik", "Foksim", "Ambush" kapena "Rovikurt."
Mukawerenga nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira zonse za kubzala ndi kukula broccoli. Pogwiritsa ntchito malangizidwewa, mudzatha kukula chikhalidwe chothandiza popanda vuto lalikulu.
