Mphesa akhala nthawi yamtengo wapatali wa kanyumba kanyumba kanyengo kachisanu kapena nyumba. M'kati mwathu, mumatha kuona mitengo yamitundu yambiri, koma pakati pawo pali mizere yomwe imapatsa zipatso zochepa kwambiri. Mphesa wobiriwira wotchuka ndi wawo. Tiyeni tiphunzire momwe tingapangire zoumba zokoma kuchokera ku zipatso zake.
Mwachidule za mphesa
Kishmishi yoyera ndi mphesa zosiyanasiyana zamphesa ndi mbewu zochepa kapena popanda nazo konse (kotero, palibe kishmishi zakutchire m'chilengedwe). 
Mpesa ndi wamtali ndi wamphamvu, ndi masamba osalala, omwe ali m'mphepete mwake. Mpesa umabala pang'onopang'ono, mpaka masamba 70 nthawi zambiri amaoneka pa dzanja. Masangowa amakhala aakulu pakati, koma amawonanso nthambi zambiri.
Onani mphesa zabwino za mphesa za Kishimishi, makamaka monga Kishmish Zaporozhye, Kishmishi wodabwitsa, Kishmish mirage.Zipatso zing'onozing'ono zimakhala zochepa kwambiri. Mtundu uli wachikasu m'mithunzi yosiyanasiyana (kuchokera kumulo kupita ku amber ndi madontho a mdima). Khungu lotha kutuluka limakhala losalala.
Mavitaminiwa ndi okoma kwambiri mu kukoma, ndi msuzi wowawa.
Mzerewu ukuonedwa kukhala wosagonjetsedwa, ndipo umasamalidwa bwino mu nyengo yowonongeka. Zipatso zimabala masiku 155-175 a zomera. Zokolola ndi zabwino, koma pali zovuta zina. 
Ndikofunikira! Ndikoyenera kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga kapena kunenepa kwambiri asamawononge mphutsi. Zina mwazovomerezeka - ali aang'ono kwambiri, komanso zilonda zam'mimba.
Choncho, nyemba zoyera zimayambira ku zotsatira za matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, ndipo fragility ya zipatso zovuta kuyenda. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogula katundu wouma.
Zoumba zamasamba ndi kalori
Mitengo yokoma ya zipatso komanso pafupifupi mbewu zonse zopanda tirigu zinkachititsa kuti Kishmishi azikonda kwambiri anthu ambiri. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zipatsozi "zimapereka" ku thupi lathu.
Mavitamini ndi Zamchere
Ngati mutenga gawo la 100 g, ndiye kuti chofunika kwambiri pakati pa mavitamini ndi acorbic acid (vitamini C). Kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 6 mg. 
Ena onse alipo pamtundu wotere:
- vitamini E - 4 mg;
- nicotinic asidi (PP) - 0.3 mg;
- Mavitamini B okhala ndi zizindikiro 1, 2, 5, 6 ndi 9 mu chiwerengero cha 0.22-0.25 mg;
- beta carotene - 0.03 mg;
- chiwerengero cha mavitamini A ndi H amawerengedwa mu micrograms (5 ndi 1.5, mofanana).
Ambiri ndi amchere olemera amaimiridwa. Makina akuluakulu ndi potassium (225 mg wa misa womwewo).
Zinthu zina zochepa kwambiri:
- mkuwa - 80 mg;
- calcium - 30 mg;
- sodium - 26 mg;
- phosphorus - 22 mg;
- magnesiamu - 17 mg;
- silicon - 12 mg;
- sulfure - 7 mg;
- klorini - 1 mg.
Zochita zawo zimayambitsidwa ndi excipients osiyanasiyana. Awa ndi chitsulo (0,6 mg) ndi zinc (0.091 mcg). Zomwe zimayambirapo ndi aluminium ndi boron - 380 ndi 365 μg aliyense.Rubidium ndi 100 micrograms pano, pamene chromium ndi molybdenum, vanadium ndi cobalt ndi micrograms (kuchokera 2 mpaka paposa 12).
Mukudziwa? Kukonzekera kwa botolo limodzi la vinyo (0,75 malita) pafupifupi mphesa 600 kumafunika.
BJU ndi kalori
Chizindikiro "mapulotini-mafuta-chakudya" mu nkhaniyi akufotokozedwa ndi zotsatirazi:
- mapuloteni - 0,72 g;
- mafuta - 0.17 g;
- Zakudya - 17.2 g
Kalori wokhutira - 69 kcal. Zoona, izi ndizofala kwa zipatso zatsopano, zomwe zingasinthe malingana ndi momwe mipesa imakula.Ndi phindu lanji la sultry
Chifukwa cha izi, kishmishi ili ndi makhalidwe ambiri othandiza, omwe ndi:
- kumathandiza kuteteza chitetezo chokwanira (chifukwa cha ascorbic acid);
- kuyeretsa mitsempha ya magazi, motero kuteteza kupezeka kwa magazi;
Zida, monga chimanga, tsabola wa jalapeno, uchi wa dzungu, kabichi wofiira, ndi tsabola wobiriwira wobiriwira, amatsukanso ziwiyazo.
- kumathandiza kuthetsa zizindikiro za matenda opuma;
- modzichepetsa koma molimbanirana kulimbana ndi kupweteka kwa mtima ndi khunyu;
- imayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi;
- imayimitsa kayendedwe kabwino ka chakudya (kugwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse kumapewa kuphwanya kwakukulu m'matumbo - zilonda, colitis, etc.);
- amakhala ngati choleretic wothandizira, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a chiwindi ndi impso;
- amachitanso ngati chiwalo chowongolera, amachepetsa kutupa;
- amathandizira kulimbikitsa minofu ya mafupa (yomwe ili yofunika kwambiri popewera matenda a m'mimba);
- amachita ngati mankhwala odana ndi zotupa;
Ananyamula m'chiuno, mchere, pine phula, udzu wa udzu, cloves, rogoz, ndi turmeric ali ndi anti-inflammatory properties.
- Zili ndi phindu pa ntchito ya manjenje - imathandiza kuthetsa nkhawa, kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi kubwerera kugona.
Kaya katundu amataika pamene yanika
Tidziwa kale kuti zipatso za mphesa zoyera zimakhala ndi khungu lochepa. Kupititsa patsogolo kulibe, koma kulipidwa ndi zoyenera za zipatsozo.
Ndikofunikira! Zoumba zoumba zoyera zimatha kulekerera nthawi yachisanu -18-19 ° C. Zowonjezereka kwambiri ndi chisanu ndizowonjezera cultivar "Hungarian" (aka rais wa 342), omwe amalekerera mosavuta kutentha kwa -21-26 ° C. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, iye sakhala akuvutika kwambiri ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Kuperewera kwa mbewu kumapangitsa iwo kukhala ofunika kwambiri kuti apeze zoumba zoumba, ndipo ngakhale kuyanika kumayenderana ndi kugwira ntchito ndi mitundu yambiri "yovuta". Chowonadi ndi chakuti ngakhale zitatha izi, zinthu zambiri zothandiza zimasungidwa chipatso: ziwerengero zimaperekedwa 90-92%.
Chizindikiro ichi ndichizoloŵezi chokhazikika. Tatenga zipatso zambiri zatsopano kwa 100%, timachokera kwa mabotolo zipatso zosayenera kuyanika (pafupifupi 6-7%) ndi zinyalala (2-3%). Zikuoneka kuti zipatso zouma izi ndi zabwino ngati zokolola zatsopano. 
Kugula ndi zipangizo zopanga zoumba
Inde, zokoma kwambiri ndi zothandiza zidzakhala zoumba zowonjezera, zomwe zimapezeka ndi chiwonetsero cha sayansi. N'zosavuta ngakhale panyumba.
Choyamba muyenera kukhala pafupi ndi ziwiya zofunika kukhitchini - mphika (makamaka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri), mbale yayikulu ya magawo oyera, colander ndi chidebe cha zonyansa ngati zipatso zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maburashi popanda zipatso.
Kupambana kwa ndondomeko kumadalira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa dryer yamagetsi. Ndi makina amenewa omwe amasandutsa zipatso zatsopano kukhala zoumba.
Zida zoterezi ndi fakitale komanso zopanga zokometsera. M'mawonekedwe, iwo ali ndi makina ang'onoting'ono kapena makilogalamu. Ndege yapansi (yomwe imadziwika kuti maziko) a zinthu zotetezeka amakhala ndi malo omwe mpweya umalowa. 
Mbali yogwira ntchito - lattice trays, yomwe imayikidwa pambali. Chiwerengero chawo chingakhale chosiyana: kuyambira 5 mpaka 20 (zonse zimadalira kukula kwa mankhwala).
Muzitsanzo za fakitale, mpweya wotentha umaperekedwa payekha pa tereyiti iliyonse, kudutsa pamtanda mu khoma lachiwiri. Kutentha kumayendetsedwa kudzera mu gulu lolamulira, lokonzedwera kwa machitidwe 4-5 opaleshoni.
Mukudziwa? Ndi 2% yokha yokolola mphesa yapadziko lonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokolola zipatso zouma. 27% ya chipatso imadyedwa mwatsopano, ndipo zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo.
Zojambula zokha ndizosavuta ndipo zimakulolani kugwira ntchito ndi zipangizo zambiri. Koma mulimonsemo, kutsekula kwazitali kungachititse kuti pang'onopang'ono pang'onopang'ono pakhale njira yochuluka. 
Chinsinsichi chimapanga chowuma chopanga fakitale.
Zofunika Zosakaniza
Nazi zotsatira zawo:
- mphesa yamphesa - 5 kg;
- soda - 2.5 tsp.
Momwe mungasankhire mphesa kuti zitheke
Pakuti kukonzekera zoumba ntchito maburashi ndi zipatso za sing'anga kukula - lalikulu zipatso achotsedwa.
Mwachibadwa, chipatsocho chiyenera kukhala chosabala komanso chosapweteka. Maonekedwe owoneka ndi ming'alu, mawanga opweteka ndi mdima wandiweyani "mesh" pa peel amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asapitirire kukonza.
Njira yabwino - mphesa zowonjezera pamalo awo omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala amphamvu. 
Wogula amatayika pang'ono: kulima misala, masango amatsukidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amaonjezeredwa ndi E220 (sulfure dioxide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti isungidwe bwino).
Ntchito yowuma mu dryer yamagetsi ndi zithunzi ndi sitepe
Mphesa zimakololedwa, zofunikira zonse "zoyenera" ziri pafupi - mukhoza kupitiriza:
- Mphesa yosamba m'madzi ayenera kuyamba blanched. Muphika ndi madzi otentha, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa soda (pa mlingo wa ½ tsp. Perita - apa chitsulo cha 5-lita, motero, chimatenga 2.5 makapu).
- Maguluwa amaikidwa mu colander, yomwe imamizidwa m'madzi otentha kwa masekondi asanu ndi awiri. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwa mphika uwu, njira zingapo ziyenera kupangidwa (magawo osinthidwa amapezeka nthawi yomweyo mu mbale yayikulu).
- Kenaka mphesa zimakhazikika m'madzi ozizira kuti asiye kuphika, kuyamba ndi blanching.
- Zipatso zotsekedwa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mphesa, kuchotsa kumbali zomwe zimakayikira kwambiri ndi kuonongeka panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha.
- Pambuyo pake, zipatso zonsezi zimaikidwa pa trays (apa pali 6). Samalani - kumangidwe kumalowa mumodzi umodzi. Ngati mwaika 2, ndiye kuti processingyo idzatenga nthawi yaitali.
- Wowuma umakhala pa 55 ° C. Mu mafashoni awa, mphesa zidzauma kwa maola 34.
- Kutsegula chivindikirocho, n'zosavuta kuona kuti zipatsozo zachepa kwambiri. Zoumba zonse zakonzeka.
Ndikofunikira! Mpata wokwanira pakati pa tiyiketi yodzaza mu dryer ndi 2-3 masentimita (pamene pangakhale malo ovomerezeka ndi 5mm).
Tsopano nambala zingapo. Pa okwana makilogalamu 5 mutatha kupatulidwa kwa zipatso kuchokera m'mphepete, 4196 g anakhalabe. Enanso 84 g anasiyidwa mumatope (ndiko kuti, 4112 g anapita ku tab). Kuchokera misawu itatha kuyanika chinafika 1.2 makilogalamu a zoumba.
Monga mukuonera, palibe chovuta: pamaso pa zipangizo, mukufunikira kuleza mtima ndi kulondola pa siteji yoyamba. Zotsatira zake ndizofunikira, koma mfundo yakuti chirichonse chimapangidwa ndi dzanja, nthawi zonse zimapangitsa kuti zokomazo zikhale zokoma kwambiri.
Mwinanso mungawume mphesa
Kulephera kwa zowonjezera zamagetsi sikuli chifukwa chokhumudwitsidwa. Pali njira zina zoyesedwa zoyesedwa. Anthu otchuka kwambiri akuwonetsedwa ndi dzuwa komanso mu uvuni.
Mu dzuwa
Njira yosavuta, kuyesedwa kwa zaka zambiri. Kuwonjezera pa mphesa, nsanja yopukuta imayenera. 
Momwemonso, ili ndi chimango chachikulu ndi matope akuluakulu otambasulidwa pa matabwa a matabwa. Koma zipangizo zina zomwe zilipo ziyeneranso - mungathe kuika zipatso pa makatoni, plywood kapena burlap.
Chinthu chachikulu - kuyika mphesa pamodzi umodzi. M'nyengo yofunda, ndondomekoyi idzatenga masabata angapo. Ndibwino, koma tsiku lamphepo, zikopa ziyenera kuikidwa ndi tiyi tolimba, zomwe sizidzawalola kuti zibalalika.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi zakudya (kupatulapo mafuta), mphesa ziri pafupi kwambiri ndi mkaka.
Musaiwale kuyesa kuyanika, ngati n'kofunikira, kubweretsa chipinda mu chipinda (mwachitsanzo, nyengo yamvula kapena nthawi ya kuchoka pa tsamba).
Ganizirani kuchuluka kwa kukonzekera - zochepa zingapo: Zipatso zomwe zafika ku zoumba zimayang'ana mu mdima wofiira wamdima wakuda kwambiri komanso wofewa kwambiri, ngakhale ngakhale pang'ono (kutentha kwachilengedwe 15-20% ya chinyezi imakhalabe). 
Mu uvuni
Njira yofulumira - Tinyamule mu uvuni:
- Mphesa zimafalikira pamapepala awiri ophika, ophimbidwa ndi pepala lakuda.
- Kuonetsetsa kuti zipatsozo zimayikidwa mumodzi wosanjikizana, zitsulo zomwe zili nazo zimayikidwa mu ng'anjo yotentha mpaka 55-60 ° С, kutsegulira pang'ono chitseko (kutulutsa chinyezi).
- Zipatso ziyenera kuyendetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi, nthawi yomweyo kusintha mapeyala m'malo.
- Zokonzeka zoumba zamasamba zidzakhala zofanana ndi kuyanika pamsewu.
Nthawi yophika ikhoza kukhala yosiyana kwambiri - izi zimadalira momwe uvuni umagwirira ntchito (zimachitika kuti sizing'onozing'ono "kukoka" ndipo muyenera kutenga nthawi yopuma).
Momwe mungamere mphesa kuti mudziwe nokha
Ambiri m'madera omwe anabzala zoumba, zomwe zimakondweretsa ndi zipatso zake (ndipo zomwe zikuchitika m'tsogolomu zikhoza kukhala zoumba). Choncho, tidzapeza mwachindunji zomwe mawonekedwe a ulimi akuwoneka ngati zoumba zoyera. 
Kusankha malo
Mphesa uwu ukusowa malo: mbande zimayikidwa pafupi mamita 1 kuchokera mu mpanda, ndi nthawi ya 2-3 mamita pakati pawo.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa mitundu yonse ya mphesa, kuwala kwapafupi ndikofunika: chomera sichimakonda mthunzi wandiweyani.
Kukhalapo kwa chithandizo ndilololedwa, ndipo pamene mukukula, mudzafunikira zoonjezera (kwa tchire zingapo, zida zowonjezera zonse zidzafunika).
Tikufika
Nthawi yoyenera ndi yochokera kumapeto kwa April mpaka zaka khumi za May. Panthawiyi, nthaka imayamba kutenthetsa, komanso kuopseza kuti nyengo yozizira imangozizira. 
Pansi pa nyembayo amakoka dzenje lakuya masentimita 70 (ndi mamita 75-80). Mtsinje wa mtundu wa miyala umayikidwa pansi, ndipo kusakaniza kwa mchenga, sod ndi humus kumaikidwa pazigawo zofanana. Kenaka chithandizocho chimayikidwa ndipo mmerawo umayikidwa mosamala, mizu yake yomwe ili ndi nthaka yoyera.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere mphesa zanu mumasika ndi autumn, ndi momwe mungabzala mphesa mu kugwa ndi cuttings.
Amatsanulira kutsanulira chitsamba (10 malita a madzi) ndikuchipera.
Momwemonso, mutha kubzala zoumba mu kugwa, kuyambira pachiyambi cha October kufikira chisanu choyamba. Koma pakadali pano, vuto lalikulu - mudzafunika kuphimba sapling ndi botolo la pulasitiki ndi mabowo kudula kupyolera mu mpweya wabwino, ndipo madzulo nyengo yozizira muyenera kuifikitsa ndi singano kapena wakuda wosanjikiza wa utuchi.
Chisamaliro
Zonsezi zimayambira ndi katatu yoyamba pa 2, zomwe zimachitika chaka choyamba. Komanso, kukonza nyengo (maso 8-12) ndi kuchotsa nthambi zofooka kumachitika. 
Kuthirira mu nyengo yofunda yafupika 15 malita a madzi pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse ndi nthawi ya 3-4 masiku. Masabata angapo musanayambe kukolola, kuthirira ndi kochepa, kumanyowetsa pansi pakati pa tchire.
Mukudziwa? Mu nthano zakale za Chirasha, mtengo wa paradaiso woletsedwa sunkawoneka ngati mtengo wa apulo, koma chitsamba cha mpesa.
Ndondomeko yapamwamba yokongoletsera imakhalanso yosavuta: Mitengo ya nitrojeni imadulidwa m'chaka, ndipo magnesium sulphate yothira ndi calcium phosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizapo. Home "recharge" ankagwira usiku wa maluwa.
Kuteteza tizirombo timagwiritsa ntchito tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimasiyana pa mlingo ndi njira ya mankhwala (onani malangizo).
Zogulitsa monga "BI-58", "Fastak", "Kinmiks", "Angio", "Calypso", "Omayt", "Marshal" amaonedwa ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kukolola
Zimagwa kumapeto kwa July - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa August. Mawu ena enieni amadalira zosiyanasiyana, nyengo ndi dera komanso chisamaliro choyenera. 
Matendawa ndi olemera: pafupifupi pakati pa 250 ndi 400 g, pa dothi labwino akhoza kukula ndi kusamba mu 500-600 g
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zoumba kuchokera ku zoumba zoyera, kodi kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso izi ndi chiyani chomwe kulima mphesa izi kumawoneka ngati mwachidziwitso. Tikukhulupirira kuti izi ndi zothandiza, ndipo owerenga athu adzatha kudzikondweretsa okha ndi zipatso zouma zokonzekera. Chilakolako chabwino!
