Pamodzi ndi mbatata, tomato, chimanga, mpendadzuwa ndi zikhalidwe zina zochokera ku America, chiwombankhanga chinabweretsedwa kwa ife. Zomera zazing'onozi zodziwika bwino m'dziko lathu lino zimakhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimapangidwa ku Artichoke ya Yerusalemu, yomwe yakula kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo imadziwika bwino kwa wamaluwa ambiri. Tiyeni tiyanjanenso pafupi ndi chikhalidwe ichi, chosowa kwa ife.
Kufotokozera
Yacon Anali kulima ndi anthu a ku Latin America omwe amakhala m'mapiri a Andes chifukwa cha ma tubers. Mu chomerachi, mitundu iwiri ya mizu imapangidwa - lalikulu rhizomes ndi peyala zoboola kapena zitsamba-monga ziphuphu zobiriwira zomwe zimamera pa rhizomes m'magulu angapo ma unit. Mitsempha iyi mkati mwake imakhala yoyera kapena yachikasu, imakhala ndi thupi lokoma ndi kukoma kokoma, kukumbukira apulo ndi mavwende, akhoza kulemera 300-300 magalamu uliwonse.
Pa rhizomes imakhalanso masamba, kumene kumera zomera zatsopano. Ichi chosatha chikhalidwe kuchokera wa banja la Astrov, mofanana ndi topinambur ndi mpendadzuwa panthawi yomweyo. Chomera chakale chakale chimatha kufika mamita 1.2-2.5. Tsinde lobiriwira lili ndi madontho ndi ofiira. Masamba ndi akuluakulu, mawonekedwe a katatu, ndi mapiri aatali otalika ndi mapiri.
Yacon limamasula kwambiri m'mwezi wachisanu ndi chimodzi kuchokera kumabzala a chikasu kapena a lalanje ofanana ndi aang'ono a mpendadzuwa.
Mukudziwa? Malo otchedwa yakon ndi Colombia, Ecuador ndi Peru. Kalekale, idakula ndi Incas m'mabuku akuluakulu, koma sanali mbewu yaikulu. Nthawi zambiri ankatengedwa kuyenda ngati kasupe wamadzi. Tsopano amakula pa mafakitale m'mayiko ambiri (USA, Japan, Australia, ndi zina zotero) monga chikhalidwe cha inulini.
Yacon imakopa chiwongoladzanja makamaka kuchokera kumtunda wake wambiri wa inulini. Ubwino wa chikhalidwechi ndi wawukulu kusiyana ndi a Yerusalemu a atitchoku, tubers, omwe angathe kusungidwa monga mbatata, komanso apamwamba.
Akuphika zothandiza kwambiri kuzigwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza, mwachitsanzo, mu saladi. Koma ikhoza kuphika, yokazinga, stewed, zouma komanso ngakhale kupanga chips kuchokera mmenemo, zomwe zingakhale zothandiza koposa mbatata ya mbatata. Madzi, kupanikizana, zipatso zowonongeka ndi manyuchi amapangidwa kuchokera kwa izo.
Zomera zimaphatikizapo beets, kaloti, turnips, radishes, radishes, turnips, parsnips, udzu winawake, parsley, rutabaga, scorzonera, ndi daikon.
Kupanga
Yakon otsika kalori: mu 100 g ya tubers 61 kcal muli.
Zomwe zimapatsa thanzi komanso zofunikira:
- madzi - 79 g;
- Zakudya - 12.8 g;
- zakudya zowonjezera - 4.5 g;
- mapuloteni - 2.1 g;
- Phulusa - 1.4 g:
- mafuta - 0.1 g;
- organic acid - 0.1 g
Komanso mu 100 g ndi mavitamini otsatirawa:
- C - 6 mg;
- PP - 1.6 mg;
- Niacin, 1.3 mg;
- E - 0.2 mg;
- B1 - 0.07 mg;
- B2 - 0.06 mg;
- A - 0.002 mg;
- beta carotene - 0,012 mg.
- potaziyamu - 200 mg;
- phosphorus - 78 mg;
- calcium - 20 mg;
- magnesiamu - 12 mg;
- sodium, 3 mg;
- aluminium 0,815 mg;
- chitsulo - 0,4 mg.
Ndikofunikira! Yacon, yomwe imakula pa 56 ° kumpoto kwa dera, ilibe inulini ndi shuga, zomwe zimalowetsedwa ndi zipatso, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masambawa asagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Zakudya zam'madzi zimakhala ndi starch ndi dextrins (9.6 g), shuga (3.2 g). Yacon imakhalanso ndi amino acid omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu ndi inulini, yomwe ndi chithandizo choyambitsa matenda ndipo sichimamatira thupi.
Zothandiza
Yacon ili ndi katundu wothandiza:
- normalizes shuga level. Lili ndi mavitamini ambiri, omwe amaloŵa shuga pawokha;
- akulimbana ndi kulemera kwakukulu. Ndikochepa kalori ndipo ili ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kagayidwe kameneka. Kwa nthawi yaitali amachotsa njala;
- amachotsa madzi owonjezera. Potaziyamu wochuluka amachititsa kusintha kwa diuretic;
- ndi antioxidant. Zimapangidwa ndi zinthu zowonongeka;
- amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi. Zili ndi zotsatira zabwino pamaganizo a mtima;
- kumathandiza m'mimba kugwira ntchito, kumathandiza ndi kuvomereza. Lili ndi makina ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti m'mimba zikhale m'mimba, komanso maantibiotiki omwe amachititsa kukula kwa microflora yopindulitsa.
Contraindications ndi kuvulaza
Palibe zotsutsana zapadera za masamba awa, kupatula kusasalana, komwe sikuli kochepa.
Komabe, pamene kugwiritsira ntchito nsanamira zambiri, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikhoza kuchitika:
- zofooka, zotsegula m'mimba;
- kukodza kawirikawiri;
- flatulence;
- kusala kudya;
- zowonongeka ndi rhinitis, yomwe imawopsya ndi kupsa mtima kwa maso a mucous.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'malo mwathu masamba awa ndi zotsatira zake pa anthu, kuphatikizapo zotsatirapo, siziphunzira pang'ono.
Mukudziwa? Mazira a Yaconi ndi shuga wabwino kwambiri m'malo mwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga komanso anthu omwe amafuna kulemera. Kukoma kwake kukumbukira mapulo manyuchi ndi melissa. Koma zimapangidwa kokha m'mafakitale, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuswana
Ichi ndi chomera chosatha, koma tiri nacho chobzala pachaka. Yacon ikhoza kufalitsidwa m'njira zingapo:
- mbewu. Kotero nthawi zambiri imafalitsidwa kunyumba - ku South America. Koma chifukwa cha njira imeneyi njirayi ndi yosatheka, popeza apa ilibe nthawi yakuphuka ndi kupereka mbewu;
- rhizomes. Imeneyi ndi njira yofala kwambiri kulikonse. Pofika kumapeto kwake, kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February, ma rhizomes a yakon amachotsedwa pansi, kumene adasungidwa, otsukidwa mu njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate. Kenaka amadulidwa kuti kamodzi kapena ziwiri zikhalepo pang'onopang'ono, kupukuta malo osungiramo malowa ndi phulusa. Anabzala mu chidebe chokhala ndi lita imodzi ya masentimita 30 pansi, omwe ali ndi sod land ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 1 mpaka 2, kuthirira ndi kutsekedwa ndi filimu mpaka majeremusi. Amadyetsa chakudya masiku onse khumi ndi feteleza ovuta;
- zobiriwira. Kuphatikizidwa kumatenga mbali za tsinde ndi masamba awiri ndikuyikidwa mu gawo lapansi la zakudya. Padziko lonse lapansi zimapanga kutentha, kutseka chidebe cha galasi ndi kusungunula. Pambuyo pooneka mizu, mphamvuyi imachotsedwa, ndipo zidutswazi zimasamutsidwa kutentha, kumene zimasungidwa kutentha kwa 20 ° C ndi tsiku lowala patangotha maola 16 musanadzalemo pansi.
Tikufika
Zomera mbande pansi zimasowa kokha pambuyo pa kutha kwa chisanu. Mzu wa aacon ukhoza kulekerera pang'ono chisanu, koma chapamwamba chidzafa pa izi.
Kubwera bwino kumachitika kuyambira kumapeto kwa May mpaka cha khumi cha June. Ikani zakuya pafupifupi masentimita khumi. Yacon imakula pamtunda uliwonse, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti imere bwino. Choncho, musanabzala, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa, ndipo kupititsa patsogolo kuli koyenera kupanga chovala pamwamba pa manyowa ndi mchere. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a supulosphate ndi potaziyamu ndiwonjezeredwa ku gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chidebe cha manyowa.
Mbeu zamakoni zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 70 kuchokera mzake. Mwamsanga mutabzala, perekani madzi okwanira. Pamene ikukula, mbewuyi imayambira mizu yake pansi, kotero imatha kupirira chilala, ngakhale pasanapite nthawi yaitali. Koma panthawi yodzala ndi rooting zomera amafunika kwambiri kuthirira. Mu nyengo yowuma, Yacon imathiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo poyambira m'dzinja nthawi yayitali imachepetsedwa. Kuthirira ndi kofunika kunyamula madzi ofunda.
Ndikofunikira! Yacon amakonda kuwala: ndibwino kuti asankhe malo abwino a m'mundamo. Chomeracho, chodzala mumthunzi, chimakula bwino ndikuchepetsa zokolola. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti ndi kukula ndi kuphulika kwa aacon, zokolola zimachepetsanso.Kutentha kwa mpweya wabwino kwa kukula kwa chomera ichi ndi kuyambira 18 ° C mpaka + 30 ° C. Izi chikhalidwe chimakhala chinyezi-chikondi ndipo chimakula bwino pa chinyezi cha 60-70%.
Chisamaliro
Yacon, monga zomera zambiri, imayenera kudyetsa - imapereka zokolola zake ndipo imafulumira kukula. Pachifukwa ichi, kamodzi pamwezi kumabala zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndi feteleza zamchere. Manyowa opangidwa ndi feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka mutabzala: izi zikhoza kukhala zitosi za mbalame, ndowe ya ng'ombe. Pa kutulutsidwa kwa nthaka sizomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu lake likhale ndi nitrate. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti chikhalidwe chimenechi chikusowa kwambiri potaziyamu, komanso phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni.
Nthaka pa chiwembu chomwe mbidzi imabzalidwa, nkofunika nthawi zonse kumasula ndi udzu. Mukhoza kuthera mulching. Zitsamba za zomera izi nthawi zambiri zimawuluka ngati mbatata. Ngati kuli kofunika, makamaka ngati dera lanu lili ndi mphepo yambiri, mukhoza kupanga chomera chomera ichi.
Nsombazi zimakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo monga whitefly, aphid, kangaude, mbozi, Khrushchevndi tizilombo tina. Kuonjezera apo, zingakhale zovuta matenda a fungal.
Chikhalidwe chimenechi sichitenga kuika magazi ndipo chikhoza kukula kwa nthawi yaitali kumalo omwewo. Ndi bwino kusuntha chomera ichi kumalo ena kumapeto.
Kusonkhanitsa ndi kusungirako
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, zaka za mbeu ziyenera kukhala miyezi 5-7. Kukolola Yacon kumabweretsa kugwa posakhalitsa chisanu choyamba chisanathe. Ndikofunika kukumba mosamala ma tubers, chifukwa iwo amakhala osalimba.
Mitundu ya tirigu imakoledwa mosiyana kuti idye chakudya, ndipo mizu ya kubereka pambuyo pake imayikidwa m'nyengo yozizira. Pachifukwa ichi, rhizome imadulidwa kotero kuti pali masamba omwe alipo komanso tsinde la masentimita 2-3 mu kukula. Mizu yowuma mu chipinda chakuda chakuda kwa pafupi masabata awiri, kenaka nkuyikidwa mabokosi a matabwa ndikutsanulira pansi ndi dziko lapansi. Sungani m'chipinda chapansi pa kutentha kwa + 4 ° C. Zikatero, mizu ikhoza kusungidwa mpaka nthawi yotsatira yokolola.
Mukudziwa? Zokongoletsera zokhazokha za Yacon ziri ndi kukoma kopanda chotupitsa. Sichikulimbikitsidwa kudya cham'mbuyo kuposa mwezi mutatha kukumba. Panthawi yosungirako, kukoma kwawo kumasintha, kumakhala kosangalatsa komanso kosangalatsa. Iwo ali ndi kukoma kokoma mu mwezi wachitatu wa yosungirako. Njirayi ikhoza kufulumira pakuyika mizu youma dzuwa padzuwa.
Video: Yacon Sungani
Okonda Yerusalemu atitchoku adzakondwera ndi masamba osavuta awa. Zili ndi zofanana zomwe zimapindulitsa, koma zimatha kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo zimakhala zosangalatsa komanso zokondweretsa. Ndizothandiza kwambiri kuziyika mu saladi, koma mukhoza kuphika mbale zina zambiri ndi kutenga nawo gawo. Yacon imapangitsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino ndipo ndilo gawo lothandizira pazamasamba odwala matenda a shuga.
