Kupita patsogolo kunatipatsa zipangizo zochuluka zapakhomo ndi zipangizo zina, popanda zomwe nyumba yamakono ili yosadalirika. Ambiri mwa iwo amachokera ku intaneti, ndiyeno pali vuto: kugula "tees" ndi zingwe zowonjezera, zomwe mwa maonekedwe awo zimasokoneza mkati kapena kuika zitsulo zina. Tiyeni tipitirire pazitsulo zachiwiri, pofufuza maonekedwe onse a ntchito zoterezi.
Kusankha malo
Chinthu choyamba ndicho kudziwa malo opangira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngakhale ntchito isanayambe, amawerengera momwe angagawire zitsulo. Zonse zimadalira mtundu wa chipinda.
- Kotero, mu chipinda chogona ndi chipinda Zikhazikika zimakhala pambali zonse za bedi kapena sofa, komanso pa mipando. Ngati tikulankhula za sofa kapena tebulo la pambali, pamenepo padzakhala malo ogulitsira njira, ogwirizana mu unit limodzi (poyendetsa foni ndi zipangizo zina). Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito ku chipinda chokhalamo, kumene TV kapena madzi okhala ndi compressor adzayikidwa.
- Office. Malo aakulu ali pafupi ndi tebulo. Othandizira ambiri adzakhala okwanira. Koma pali ziganizo zina. Mwachitsanzo, msinkhu wabwino ndi wabwino kwa makompyuta, ndipo pa laptops kapena mapiritsi ndizosavuta kuposa zitsulo zomwe zimayikidwa. Musaiwale za katundu - penapake muyenera kutsegula nyali kapena chojambulira pa foni.
- Mulowemo ndi corridor Zitsulo zimayikidwa pamunsi (kuti kutalika kwa chingwe cha aspirum cleaner ndikwanira).
- Kitchen. Zitsulo zimayikidwa pafupi ndi firiji, malo ophika komanso makabati ophikira magetsi. Kwa blender, ketulo ndi zipangizo zina, amapanga matabwa awiri, pamwamba pa mlingo wa tebulo. Mafilimu, ma TV ndi hood zimachokera kuzipinda zosiyana kapena ziwiri (taganizirani kutalika kwa waya).
- Mu bafa ndi kukhalapo kwa makina ochapira, malo otsetsereka pansi. Chotseguka chachiwiri chogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chogwedeza magetsi ndi zowuma tsitsi. Kuunikira kwina kapena magulu a misala kumayendetsedwa ndi zobisika zobisika.
Ndikofunikira! Malo okhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu, ndi bwino kusankha malo ogulitsira zitsulo zamkati ndi zophimba zophimba zowonongeka.
Funso losafunikira - mtunda kuchokera pansi. Ziwerengerozi zimatchulidwa mu GOST ndi zina, koma zoona zake ndizokuti miyezo ya Soviet inalembedwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapanyumba (ndipo kutalika kwakukulu kumeneko), ndipo anthu a ku Ulaya akuwoneka kuti ndi otsika kwambiri.
Kotero muyenera kuika maganizo anu pachitetezo ndi chitetezo.
Ngati mutenga m'chipinda chogona, ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yotulutsira pansi pa nyaliyo idzakhala masentimita 70, ndipo makumi atatu adzakhala okwanira pajakisoni;
Pankhani ya khitchini Zizindikiro zina:
- 10-20 masentimita adzakwanira firiji kapena chotsuka chotsuka (ngati chingwe sichifupika kwambiri). Wopfupika chingwe ndicho, ntchito yowonjezereka ndiyo, palibe ntchito ya vnatyag;
- Zitsulo zamagetsi zina zamakono zimapirira pa 1.1 mamita kuchokera pansi. Kusiyana ndi "apron" kumakhala 20-25 cm;
- hood idzafuna 1.8-2 m.
Kwa bafa Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:- chojambulira pansi pa makina ochapa amapanga pa mlingo wa 40-50 cm;
- Mera imodzi ndi yokwanira tsitsi la tsitsi kapena lamagetsi;
- Ngati akukonzekera kukonza, zonse 1.5 mamita zimatengedwa.
Samalani mtunda kuchokera pamtunda kupita ku osamba, pompani kapena kumiza - kumadzi ayenera kukhala osachepera 60 masentimita (bwino, mita, koma osati nthawi yonse ya chingwe). Komanso mu bafa imaloledwa kukhala ndi mabowo pansi pa masentimita 15 kuchokera pansi.
Mukudziwa? Ku New York, pa Pearl Street, malo oyamba amphamvu kwambiri padziko lapansi, opangidwa ndi Thomas Edison, analipo. Poyamba, anthu okhala mumsewu ankaopa mantha magetsi, ndipo ana analetsedwa kuyandikira gwero la kuwala.
Chiwerengero cha malo ogulitsa chiyenera kuwerengedwa pasadakhale, poganizira chiwerengero cha ogula. Zizindikiro zowonetsera ndi izi:
- chipinda chogona - 3-4;
- chipinda chokhalamo - 4-6;
- malo ogwira ntchito - 3-5;
- msewu, msewu - 3;
- khitchini - 4-5;
- bafa - 2-3.
Izi ndizithunzi zomwe zingasinthidwe. Komabe, ganizirani kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zipinda zosiyanasiyana.
Ambiri amaika zitsulo ndi m'mphepete (chimodzi kapena ziwiri "pamwamba" ngati mukugula zipangizo zatsopano). 
Zida zofunika ndi ntchito yokonzekera
Kukonzekera kudzafuna:
- kubwezera magetsi;
- amawoneka ngati korona kapena pobleit drill (for drywall - yoyenera kwa awiri a cutter);
- chofufumitsa ndi mapepala (8 mm);
- screwdrivers (molunjika ndi mtanda);
- pensulo, tepi muyeso ndi mlingo;
- choyamba, putty ndi pulasitala pamapeto omaliza.
- Kukhalapo kwa nyundo, chisel ndi burashi zidzakhala pokhapokha.
Chidachi chimasonkhanitsidwa, mukhoza kuyamba. Ntchito yoyamba imayambira ndi kuyika: ndi tepi imayeza kutalika kwabwino, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mlingo wokhala ndi pensulo iwo adagumula malo ozungulira otsetsereka ndi osakanikirana axial.Ndikofunikira! Phokoso muyala la konkire lingapangidwe ndi gawo laling'ono, pamene mawindo a drywall amafuna kuti muyende bwino.
Pogwiritsa ntchito pansi, pembedzani ndi pensulo - ndondomeko ya tsogolo lanu ndi yokonzeka. Pokonzekera kukhazikitsa chingwe, kumbukirani za mtunda wa 7.1 masentimita - ili ndilo mtunda wautali pakati pa ovomerezeka.
Inde, muyenera kutseka magetsi pang'onopang'ono mwa kutseka wothandizira pa chishango, kapena pochotsa mzere kupita ku chipinda chosiyana.
Kutsatsa khalala
Chiwonongekocho chifunikanso kutumizidwa kwinakwake. Kawirikawiri, zingwe zimatsogolera osati kwambiri zolembera kuya mpaka 2 cm (iwo adulidwa pakhoma ndi woponya ndi spatula).
Iyi ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yokhala ndi makoma a konkire ndi njerwa. The grooves ndi zowona ndi yopingasa, popanda kugwedezeka ndi kugwa. Mzere umakhala wapamwamba - 2.5 mamita kuchokera pansi kapena kuposa (ngati denga likuloleza). 
Njira ina - kusungirako kunjapamene mpiringidzo imayikidwa m'matope apansi apulasitiki akuthamanga pamakoma. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kugwira ntchito m'chipinda chokhala ndi zitseko zamatabwa kapena ngati palibe chilakolako cha "kupanga fumbi", monga momwe zakhalira pakhomo.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi buku lina, moyo pa Dziko lapansi ukhoza kuwoneka chifukwa cha ... kutuluka kwa magetsi pamphepo ya mphezi (zikutanthauza kuti iwo anayambitsa padziko lonse kaphatikizidwe ka amino acid). Zoona, chiphunzitsochi chili ndi nkhani zambiri zotsutsana.
Ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi apulasitiki kapena manja opangidwa ndi manja. Iwo amateteza molimba chingwecho, koma samawoneka mochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Kawirikawiri amaikamo mthunzi, zomwe zimayikidwa pomaliza ntchitoyo.
Kukonzekera pa ntchito
Mpando wokhala bwino wa malowa ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti chitetezo ndi magetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito zoterezi: mwina kusintha bokosi lakale kapena kumenyetsa "chisa" chatsopano. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi yoyamba.
Kusokoneza bokosi lakale ndi kutulutsa
Iyi ndi nthawi yochepa yowononga, yomwe ikuchitika motere:
- Atasokoneza mzerewu, iwo amachotsa pakati pake ndi screwdriver. Mpangidwe ndi chimango chomwecho chimachotsedwa.
- Kuti mukhale otetezeka, onetsetsani kuti mzerewu ulipo ndithu. Ngati pangakhale magetsi, nyali yowonongeka idzawonekera pamene ikukumana ndi gawolo. Powona izi, onetsetsani kuti muzimitsa zotengerazo.
- Kenaka kumasula zitsulo zapacer zochotsamo ndi kuchotsa zitsulo zokha, monga momwe chingwe chikuloleza.
- Zatsala kuti zisawonongeke pamapeto, tenga mawaya kumbali ndikuchotsa bokosi lakale.
Video yowononga kanja wakale ndikuyika chatsopano
Nthawi zina zimakhala kuti palibe chabe. Mkhalidwewu ukukonzedwa ndi kukhazikitsa latsopano (zomwe zidzakambidwa pang'ono pansi).
Ndikofunikira! Ngati bokosi lakalelo litangoyenda pakhomopo, malowa adzalimbikitsidwa ndi pulasitiki wofanana kapena yamtengo wapatali wa simenti, kuikidwa pamtanda "wowonjezera".
Koma ngakhale izi zisanayambe, yang'anani zowonjezera zomwe zamasulidwa. Ngati sakhala ndi chidaliro (kapena choipitsitsa, chingwe chokalamba chasungunuka), mawaya atakulungidwa ndi wosanjikiza watsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyo, burashi imachotsa fumbi ndi zidutswa za pulasitiki.
Kukonzekera kwa pamwamba pa chida chatsopano
Kuyika malo atsopano ayenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Chitsanzo chofanizira kwambiri ndi khoma la konkire. Zotsatirazo zimagwira ntchito motere:
- Pa perforator ili ndi korona, yomwe imapanga dzenje. Kuyika ku chida chofuna, iwo amayamba kupanga "chisa". Kuzama kwake kumakhala 4-5 mm wamkulu kuposa kutalika kwa pansi mbale.
- Ngati pali galimoto yokhayokha, pali njira ina yowonekera - 10-12 mabowo amasungunuka mozungulira mlengalenga, omwe akudumpha pakati pawo omwe akugwedezeka ndi chisel.
- Mosamala mutsuka fumbi kuchokera ku strobe, yesani bokosi. Ndili, mapulogi odulidwa asanakhalepo. Zonse zachitika.
Zikuwoneka kuti ndi zophweka, koma pali zovuta zina. Choyamba, konzekerani kuti padzakhala fumbi lambiri. Chachiwiri, muyenera kugwiritsira ntchito chidachi moyenera - sikuyenera kusokonezedwa. 
Kwa khoma la pulasitiki zofanana ndi zofanana. Kusiyanitsa kuli kokha mu chida (okonza kwambiri lakuthwa pa kubowola) ndi khama. Zinthuzo ndi zovuta, ndipo palibe chifukwa cholimbikira molimbika. Kuiŵala za izi, nthawizina samangotenga dzenje, komanso amafalikira.
Mukudziwa? Pachilumba cha moto mumzinda wa Livermore (USA) pali babu omwe wakhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitirira zana, kuyambira 1901.
Pankhani ya zozizwitsa pansi mabowo awiri ndikofunikira kuwerengera malo axial ndi enieni osakanikirana. "Zopanda" zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zimayang'anitsitsa pochotsa kulumikizana kwa mabokosi.
Kuyika mbale yapansi
Malo a mabokosiwa ndi okonzeka, pamene mayesero podrozetniki okha ayimilira opanda zopotoka - mungayambe kuwaika mu khoma la konkire:
- Pambuyo potulutsa fumbi, pangani choyimira.
- Mukawuma, sungani malingaliro a pulasitala kapena mapayala (ngakhale kuti alabasitala idzachita). Kenaka kanizani kakang'ono kamodzi mkati mwa mabowo - pulasitala imalira mofulumira.
- Gawani wosanjikiza mofanana, ndi choponderezeka.
- Kuthamangitsani mpiringidzo mumabowo mu "galasi", ndipo kanikizani bokosilo mu njira yothetsera. Kuyika pansi pamtunda mofanana, panthawi ino msinkhu umatengedwa, umene umayang'aniridwa yopingasa.
- Pambuyo pake, yikani zitsulo zomwe zimagwira ntchito yonseyo. Zowonjezera zidutswa zazothetserazo zimachotsedwa pakapita pamene zimakhala zovuta.
- Gwiritsani zowonekera kunja ndi khoma, nthaka, pulasitala, komanso pamene wouma, sungani ndi mchenga kuti mupeze malo apamwamba.
Video: momwe angamangire kanyumba kakang'ono mu khoma la konkire
Ndi drywall Izi siziri choncho - njira yoyamba yothetseratu siyikuchitika. Komabe, kuchenjeza n'kofunika: kulimba mtima kwakukulu kumadzaza ndi mfundo yakuti mapiri a dzenje aphwanyidwa, ndipo bokosilo lilowa mmenemo, atataya mfundo yothandizira.
Kuonjezerapo, pazitsamba zowumitsa, zisoti zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuti woyendetsa magetsi akugwirizanitse ndi magulu ambiri a nyumbayo - chipangizocho n'chodula, koma chogwira ntchito.
Kukonzekera positi
Onse atatu (mu nyumba zakale - ziwiri) otsogolera a chingwe omwe ali mu bokosi adzayikidwa mosiyana. Kuti mudziwe momwe angayikidwire, mosamala mosadulidwa.
Atagawanitsa mitsempha yowamasulidwa, iwo amabweretsedwa kumapeto osungirako. Izi ziwonetseratu momwe waya amafunika kudula (kawirikawiri pamtunda wa 6-7 masentimita kuchokera pamphepete mwa mbale yapansi).
Mpiringidzoyo imatsukidwa mosamala, kuchotsa masentimita 1-1.5 pamtunda. Malangizo a mawaya akuwongolera muzeng'onoting'ono - izi zidzawonjezera malo oyanjanako. Onetsetsani kuti "tsitsi" lirilonse silinatuluke. 
Mukamalowetsa bokosi, nthawi zina pamakhala vuto ndi wiringwe - zingasokonezedwe pamapeto, kapena nkofunikira kulumikiza wopanga zamkuwa ndi aluminiyamu imodzi. Zikatero, zimathandiza malo osinthira. Ili ndi njira yabwino kwa iwo amene akufuna kuonetsetsa ngati atayika.
Mukudziwa? Zolemba zoyamba zolembedwa za kudodometsa kwa magetsi zimayikidwa mpaka 2750 BC. M'malemba akale a ku Aigupto, zochitika zausodzi wa catfish zamagetsi zimatchulidwa (ndipo amatha kupereka 360 V pulse).
Ikani izi monga izi:
- Malangizo a mitsempha amakonzedwa. Kutsekedwa kumachotsedwa ndi 5 mm, ndipo wiring'onong'ono amaikidwa chimodzimodzi (popanda kupotoza).
- Mitengo imabedwa kotero kuti waya wophikira pafupifupi 0,5-1 mm. Chophimba chiyenera kutsekemera ndi kutseka.
- Malangizo kumbali zonsezi amamangiriridwa ndi mapiritsi, ndipo mawayawo amamveka ndi chofufumitsa.
Nthaŵi yochepa, koma odalirika. Chinthu chachikulu - kuyika otsiriza mu bokosi (koma osati mu pulasitiki).
Chigwirizano chatsopano
Chiwembu chogwirizanitsa chingwecho ku chingwe chachinsinsi chachikulu n'chosavuta:
- Waya wonyezimira (nthaka) umamangirizidwa ku chitsimikizo chapakati.
- Buluu kapena buluu loyera "zero" likukhazikika pamtunda wamanzere.
- Kumanja, gawolo lichotsedweratu ndi lokhazikika (choyera kapena choyera).
Monga mukuonera, palibe kanthu kowopsya: kuyeretsa kumatha kumamangirizidwa mwamphamvu ndi zowonongeka kapena kumapeto kwa kasupe. M'nyumba ndi zingwe zakale popanda kutsogolera pansi, mfundoyo ndi yomweyo.Chiwalo chachiwiri, wopangidwa ndi unit umodzi, imagwirizanitsa mosiyana. "Dziko lapansi" limangowonjezedwa kumtunda wotsiriza, Phase ndi "zero" amawonetsedwa kumanzere ndi kumapeto komwe (palibe chifukwa pa mbale imodzi - izi zidzatsogolera pafupipafupi).
Kutsegula kunja
Kuonetsetsa kuti mgwirizanowu ndi wodalirika komanso wodalirika, mawaya amawongolera mwachidwi ndi kuikidwa pamodzi ndi chingwe mu bokosi. Pa nthawi yomweyo yesetsani kusakaniza wiring.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamalowa, onetsetsani kuti waya wothandizira sakhudzana.
Kenaka makinawo amawongolera ndi zikopa zamkati. Ndikofunika kufufuza momwe malo enieni aliri, komanso ngati pali skew mu ndege yowona. Pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi makoma a konkire simuyenera kukanikiza ndi mphamvu zake zonse, mwinamwake phirilo limayambitsa ngozi. Zomwezo ndi mowonjezera.
Kukonza katsulo
Amatsalira kuti aziyika ndondomekoyi ndikuyigwira pambali. Gawo lotsiriza la ntchito - kukhazikitsa zokongoletsera linings. Ayenera kuvala mosavuta, popanda kuwoneka kuti akuwombera. Kulimbitsa ndizitsulo zapakati. 
Zomwe mungachite ngati bokosi likuyikidwa molakwika
Mkhalidwe ndi wosiyana, ndipo kulakwitsa poika "galasi" -kusiyana.
Njira yoyenera (koma nthawi yomweyo ndi nthawi yowonongeka) njira yothetsera ndi kuchotsa pulasitiki, osayiwala kuyang'ana kuyika ngati sichisewera pa chingwe chomwe chinatuluka kuchokera kumalo ozungulira.
Pofuna kupewa izi, amazipanga mozama kwambiri m'dera lino.
Inde, ndege zonse ndi wiring nthawi yomwe amaloledwa kukakamizidwa zimayang'aniridwa.
Mukudziwa? M'madera osiyanasiyana a Japan, zamakono zimaperekedwa kwa magulu osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi maulendo osiyanasiyana: kumadera akummawa - omwe ndi 50 Hz, ndi kumadzulo - 60. Izi ndizo chifukwa cha kukula kwa mphamvu m'dziko: kumayambiriro kwa magetsi, zipangizo zosiyana zinagulidwa, ndipo patapita nthawi, kugwirizana kumeneku kumafuna ndalama zambiri .
Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi khoma losungunuka ndi thovu, ndipo n'zosatheka kusuntha chingwecho pang'ono chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malo oti pakhale malo otetezeka, yankho lina lidzakuthandizira:
- Chotsani chivundikirocho kuchokera pazitsulo zosungidwa;
- mu chimango (pafupi ndi momwe mungathere ndi thupi), mabowo obowola 3-3.5 mm m'mimba mwake, ndi zipsera zojambulazo zimayikidwa pamenepo;
- Pambuyo pazitsulo, nthawi zonse zimakhazikitsidwa mmbuyo.
Njira yamakono, koma yothandiza. Musaiwale kuti muyang'ane othandizira.
Zizindikiro za kukhazikitsa zigawo ziwiri
Kwa nyumba yamakono yokhala ndi zipangizo zambiri zam'nyumba, zitsulo ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Koma chizoloŵezi chimasonyeza kuti "jumper" yotchuka mwa podozetnik imodzi yofunika kuti ikhale yofanana ndi kugwirizana kwa malo awiri (ndi chingwe chowombera aliyense) - kotero amatha kupirira zolemetsazo.
Video: momwe mungagwirireko katatu
Ngakhale musanayambe kukhazikitsa, muyenera kuwerengera katundu pa chipangizo: sikuyenera kupitirira 16 A.
Mukamaliza kumapeto kwa waya, ndibwino kuti muzisungunuka, komanso bwino - gwiritsani ntchito mkuwa. Izi zidzawonjezera moyo wa machitidwe awiriwa.
Video yowonjezera malo okhala mu nyumba
Tsopano mumadziwa kukhazikitsa chingwe ndi manja anu, ndi zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukamagwira ntchito.
Nthaŵi zambiri, alendo osalandiridwa amapezeka m'nyumba zogona ndi nyumba zapadera, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa eni ake. Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi nsikidzi, ntchentche ndi njenjete.
Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi inathandiza kumvetsa nkhani yaikuluyi, ndipo wiringiti idzagwira ntchito popanda mavuto. Ndipo lolani njira iliyonse ikhale yabwino!
