Zachilendo conifer psevdotsug: zizindikiro za kukula

Okonza masewero amasiku ano akugwiritsabe ntchito phokoso la mapulaneti, mapaki ndi njira, koma anthu ambiri, akudutsa mtengo wokongola uwu, adzawutenga ngati fir. Inde, mitundu yonse iwiri ndi ya banja lalikulu la Sosnovykh, komabe mosiyana ndi achibale awo, nthanoyi ndi yovuta kwambiri kuti iisamalire, ndipo korona yake imakhala yothandiza kwambiri kukongoletsa. Koma kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali ndi wamphamvu ukhale wokongoletsa, ndikofunikira kudziwa zinsinsi zobzala ndikukula.

Nthano

Lero chomera chokongola ichi chimakhala ndi mayina osiyanasiyana - pseudo-hemlock, wabodza-abodza, Douglas, Douglas fir, omwe amawoneka kuti akugwirizanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa mitundu iyi.. Anapezeka koyamba kumpoto kwa America ndi Scot Archibald Menziz, koma adatenga mtengowo. Pambuyo pake, kulakwitsa kwake kunakonzedwanso ndi David Botglas, yemwe ndi wojambula bwino wa Chingerezi, yemwe adanena kuti mitundu yatsopanoyi ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa fir.

Mukudziwa? Ataphunzira zochitika za phokoso-reader, asayansi anadza kumapeto kuti mtengo ukhoza kukhala ndi moyo zaka 1000. Pa nthawi yomweyo, woimira wakale wa banja lino ali ndi zaka 700. Chitsanzo chodabwitsachi chikukula ku USA, chiri ndi thunthu mamita 100 m'litali ndi mamita 4 m'lifupi.

Maonekedwe

Luso lachinyengo lingathe kudziwika ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kutalika kwake. Ku North America, mtengowo umakhala wamtunda wa mamita 100, m'madera ozungulira nyengo za ku Ulaya iwo samawoneka pamwamba pa mamita 50, koma kale ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa wamba wamba;
• mawonekedwe a korona ndi mtundu. Mnyamata wabodza amakhala ndi khalidwe la korona wofanana ndi banja la Pine, limene, pamene likukula, limakhala lozungulira, lozungulira. Gawo la pansi, ndi nthawi, limakhala ndi imvi chifukwa cha resin yotulutsidwa ndi mtengo;
• kuphuka. Zipatso zotambasula kutalika (mpaka 12 masentimita) ndi miyeso yowongoka imapachikidwa kuchokera ku nthambi, nthawi yomweyo kukopa chidwi. Mitundu ina, pansi pa mcherewu ndi wofiirira, womwe umapatsa chithumwa china; Magulu a nthiti
• singano. Poyamba, iwo amafanana ndi fir, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti salinso ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri. Ngati mukupukusa singano ndi zala zanu, fungo la pine loyera lidzawonekera nthawi yomweyo.

Kwenikweni, phokoso lachisokonezo limasokonezeka ndi fir, spruce chifukwa cha nthambi zofanana: mwa iye, zimakulira mofanana ndi thunthu.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungamere firiti pa webusaitiyi ndi mumphika, momwe mungatulitsire, komanso zomwe zili zothandiza.

Chikhalidwe makhalidwe

Psevdotsugi ali ndi ubwino wambiri womwe wamaluwa amaukonda. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• kukula msanga. Chaka chilichonse chomeracho chimachotsedwa ndi masentimita 40-50, kotero mkati mwa zaka zingapo kale "wokhala mmalo" wokongola kwambiri adzawonekera pa webusaitiyi;
• chisanu kukana. N'zosatheka kukumana ndi nkhonya kumpoto kwa Europe, koma kugawo lakutali kumaloledwa ndi chisanu ndi kuzizira, ndipo chifukwa cha thumba lamphamvu, silikusamala mphepo;
• osaopa chilengedwe choipa. Mtengo uwu umakhala wabwino m'madera a m'tawuni komwe mlingo wa zinyalala za poizoni ukutha.

Kumene kumakulira

Kumayiko a kumpoto kwa America nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti malo obadwirako-hemlock, kumene akatswiri a zomera amayamba kuganizira za mtengo umenewu. Komabe, padziko lapansi muli mitundu 18 ya matumba onama, ena mwa iwo amakula ku Japan, China, ndipo pambuyo poonekera mtengo ku England m'zaka za m'ma 1900, anayamba kufalikira ku Ulaya konse. Wonyenga wapachiyambi lero amapezeka kuthengo, pafupi ndi mitsinje, mumadambo odyera. Ndipo chifukwa cha zokongoletsera, makamaka kuswana mitundu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Sizikwera kwambiri, korona yawo imakhala pamlingo wa maso a munthu wamkati, ndikupatsa mpata wokondweretsa kufalitsa mafiyumu ndi ma kondomu okongola.

Mukudziwa? Masiku ano padziko lapansi mulibe zizindikiro zambiri zoposa zaka 100-200. Mofanana ndi sequoia wamphamvu, nthawi zambiri mtengo umenewu umagwidwa ndi mitengo yosavomerezeka, chifukwa mankhwala opangidwa kuchokera ku mtengo wapadera pa msika wakuda ndi okwera mtengo.

Mitundu yayikulu

Mitundu yonse 18 ndi yofanana, kotero timasankha okhawo omwe ali ndi makhalidwe apadera.

Chijapani

Dzina lapadziko lonse la zosiyanasiyana likuwoneka ngati izi - Pseudotsuga japonica. Mtsogoleri wa zamoyozi amatha kukomana pa chilumba cha Honshu cha Japan pamtunda wa mamita 500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Mtengo umamva bwino pafupi ndi mitsinje, mabowo aakulu, ozunguliridwa ndi zina zotchedwa conifers. Mkhalidwe wocheperako wa m'deralo ndi dothi kuchokera ku miyala yamapiri zakhala zikuyambitsa mikhalidwe yabwino ya kukula ndi kubereka.

Tikupempha kuti tipeze zomwe mitengo ya coniferous ndi baka.

Chijeremusi-kambuku cha Japan sichimafika mamita 30, ndipo mtengo wake si waukulu kuposa masentimita 150.

Korona pamtengo umayikidwa mu hafu yapamtunda, kuponyera mabala a emerald pamwamba pa pamwamba komanso pang'ono pansi. Nthambi zachikasu zonyezimira zikukwera mmwamba, zikutsekedwa mu mtundu mu April ndi mbewu za mbeu mu October. Kunja kwa chilumbacho, mtengo umapezeka kokha mu arboretums, kumene sichimera mizu.

Ndikofunikira! Masiku ano ku Japan, chiwerengero cha maulendo osasamala sichimawoneka ngati 2,000, chifukwa iwo adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kugula mitengo nthawi imodzi, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kuyambiranso.

Ng'ombe

Pseudotsuga macrocarpakapena kukula kwakukulu, limatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha zipatso zazikulu pakati pa mitundu yonse ya pseudo-sutsug: zimatha kufika kutalika kwa 15-18 masentimita. Mbewu ya mbewayi imakhala yaikulu kwambiri, sangathe kuyenda, chotero kugawa kwa mazira abodza kumaperekedwa ndi mbalame.

Ngakhale zovuta zoterezi, kukula kwa mtengo wokha ndi kochepa - 15-30 mamita. Chimodzimodzinso ndi makungwa a ribbed, omwe ndi oonda kwambiri ndi oweta chingwe zigawo zina. Ndi khungwa lapaderayi limene limapulumutsa nthawi zonse moto wamoto womwe umafika ku California, kumene mtengo umakula. Mutha kumakomana naye kumadzulo ndi kumpoto kwa mapiri, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi mumthunzi pamphepete mwa mitsinje.

Ngakhale kukula kwake kwakukulu-kambuku ndipo amakonda chinyezi, chimakula bwino m'madera ouma, m'chipululu, kuti anthu awo asakhale pangozi.

Mu nthawi zovuta, mtengo umapanga singano ndipo uli m'tulo kwa zaka ziwiri, ndipo mutatha kusintha zinthu zimakhala ndi mphamvu yatsopano.

Mukudziwa? Mng'alu wamkulu wonyenga amatha kukula m'mikhalidwe yapadera: zitsanzo zambiri zimakhala pamapiri otsetsereka pamtunda wa madigiri oposa 35.

Menzies

Pseudotsuga menziesiikapena wonama wa Menzies - chokhacho choyambirira chachinyengo chomwe chimakula ku Ulaya. Mtengo wobiriwira wamtengo wapatali womwe uli ndi korona wamakono uli ndi mitundu pafupifupi 10. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimasiyana ndi mtundu wofiira wa nthambi za malalanje, kuuka pang'ono, ndi khungu losalala pa thunthu. Okalamba amtunduwu ali ndi mdima wakuda, ndipo khungwa kamene imapeza hillocks ndi makwinya. Mitsempha ya Mensez ndizovuta, ndipo singano ndizochepa, ndizitali 2-3 masentimita.

Mitundu imeneyi imatchedwanso Douglas fir.popeza ndiye amene adakumana ndi David Douglas koyamba paulendo wopita ku North America. Kuoneka kwa Menzies kunakhala maziko a mitundu yosankhidwa, yomwe ndi yotchuka kwambiri "Compacta", kakang'ono "Densa" ndi Glauca Pendula.

Koma chikondi chapadera cha wamaluwa ndi okongoletsera chinapindula "Glauca", chofanana ndi maluwa okongola a buluu.

Chinese

Pseudotsuga sinensis wamba ku China, Taiwan ndi Vietnam. Apa nthawi zambiri amagonjetsa nsonga zapamtunda wa mamita 3300 pamwamba pa nyanja, komabe mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhanza, amafuna kukhala pakati pa mitengo yovuta.

Mukudziwa? Akatswiri a zachilengedwe amagwiritsa ntchito pseudo-tosug kubwezeretsa nkhalango pamoto. Izi ndizo chifukwa cha kukula kwawo kwakukulu.

Mwina ndichifukwa chake mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Chitchaina ili ndi korona waukulu, mawonekedwe ake omwe amafanana ndi mitengo yovuta. Pa maziko a singano zochepa, mikwingwirima yoyera imaoneka, ndipo nsonga zawo ndi zobiriwira. Mbewu yolimba imakondwera ndi nsalu yofiira, yofiira-bulauni pafupi ndi mapeto a Oktoba. Poyambirira, pamene ziphona zakale zomwe zinali ndi thunthu m'mimba mwake kufika mamita 2 zidakalipo, phokoso lachinyengo linagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba ndi milatho, koma lero nyengo ino yatha.

Kulima mtengo umenewu sikunayeneretsedwe kuchokera ku chuma cha China, choncho, n'zotheka kukomana ndi wopusa kumalo otsika kwambiri a dzikoli, m'masungiramo kapena m'mabwalo ang'onoang'ono.

Mavuto akukula

Kukula pakhomo pakhomo pakhomo sikutanthauza ndalama kapena khama lalikulu, chinthu chachikulu ndichotsatira njira zoyenera posankha malo ndi dothi.

Ngati malo amalola chiwembucho, ndiye kuti mungagwiritse ntchito mitengo ina ya coniferous kumalo okongola. Kungakhale thuja kumadzulo "Brabant" kapena "Kolumna", mjunipoti "Skyrocket"; M'madera ochepa omwe mungabzalitse: Canada spruce amamera, cypress, phiri pine kapena yew mabulosi.

Kusankha malo

Ngakhale kuti wamkuluyo ndi wolimba, zidutswa zazing'ono zimafunikira kusamalidwa bwino. Sankhani malo awo okhala komwe kuli mdima wandiweyani.

Mphukira sizingakhale dzuwa, lomwe lidzawononge khungu lawo lodziwika bwino, koma kusakhala kwathunthu kwa kuwala kumayambitsa kukula kwa mtengo wamtsogolo.

Zosowa za nthaka

Pseudo-hemlock imatha kukula pamtunda uliwonse, kupatulapo mtsinje wouma. Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa kukula kwa mtengo wamtsogolo, ndiye gwiritsani ntchito zomwe mungasankhe:

• okosijeni olemera loamy nthaka, koma kupewa dothi lakuda ndi mchenga woyera;
• podzolic carbonate nthaka;
• gawo lopanda masamba (magawo atatu), peat ndi humus (magawo awiri payekha).

Njira zoberekera

Kulima pa tsamba lokopa nkhono kumatheka m'njira ziwiri: pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu ndi cuttings.

Ndikofunikira! Ndifunikanso kuti phesi liphimbedwe ndi mphepo kwa nthawiyo mpaka ilo likhale lolimba mokwanira, mwinamwake thunthu lidzasinthidwa.

Mbewu

Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, koma chifukwa chake mudzalandira mbande zambiri. Kutalika kwowonjezereka kumapangitsa kukhazikika kwa mitengo yamtsogolo, kumawapangitsa kukhala amphamvu.

Mbewu mu cones imapezeka nthawi zonse zaka 2-3 mu October. Ndipo mu November angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kufika kumapangidwira m'zitsulo zing'onozing'ono ndi gawo lapansi ku kuya kwa 2 cm, pamwamba pa mulch. Kwa mbande kumera mtsogolo zimayikidwa mu chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kosapitirira 20 ° C. Mbewu zachinyengo Kwa zaka zisanu zoyambirira, ndibwino kuti zomera zikhale m'nyumba, ndipo zikafika zaka zino, zikhoza kubzalidwa poyera.

Chimodzimodzinso ndi chilengedwechi chikhoza kukhala mufiriji wamba. Ikani chimbudzi chakuda pamtengo wapulasitiki ndikuyika mbewuzo.

Ikani furiji kwa masiku 2-3, ndipo zomera zakonzeka kubzala. Stratification imalimbitsa mbande zamtsogolo, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azivutika mosavuta m'nyengo yozizira.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati mbeu ya chaka chatha kapena mbewu zowonjezera zimatengedwa chifukwa chodzala, ndiye kuti kukakamiza kumafunika.

Koma kumbukirani kuti kuti musunge mbewu kuti mupitirize kubzala mu chipinda chozizira, muzinthu zoterezi, iwo amanama ndi zaka 10. Koma m'chipinda chofunda, mbeu idzawonongeka mkati mwa chaka.

Kumera mbewu kumayambiriro kwa masika. Pa nthawi ino, ndi zofunika kuti muwatenge kumsewu, ndipo kumapeto kwa autumn, uwaphimbe ndi filimu patsogolo pa chisanu.

Cuttings

Amene safuna kudikira mbewu zatsopano zaka zisanu ayenera kusankha cuttings. Ndondomeko yowonetsera izi ndi izi:

• kumapeto kwa nyengo, kusanayambe kwa masamba oyambirira, timasankha mtengo osachepera zaka 4;
• pakati pambali amawombera, kudula phesi, koma nthawizonse ndi chidendene - chidutswa cha nkhuni pamunsi;
• timachepetsa mphukira mu kukula kwa stimulator kwa masiku angapo kuti tipatse mphamvu zowonjezera;
• pamene kutentha kwa kunja kudzafika 20-23 ° C, pamalo osadetsedwa omwe timapanga chitsime, tchidzazani ndi gawo lofotokozedwa pamwambapa, musaiwale za ngalande;
• Timatenga phesi ndikuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono madigiri 60-70, ndikuyendetsa masingano.

Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti njirayi imavomerezedwa kuti mubzala pamalo otseguka, akatswiri amavomereza kuti tsinde likhalebe mu mphika chaka kuti chitukuko chizikhala bwino.

Pasanathe miyezi 1-1.5, mbeu yobadwa kumene imayamba mizu m'malo atsopano. Ngati zomera zingapo zikukonzekera kuti zibzalidwe kamodzi, ndiye kuti mtunda wautali ndi mamita 1.5-4, malinga ndi kukula kwa mitengo.

Ndibwino kwambiri kufalitsa nthano

Njira zonsezi zimakhala ndi ubwino komanso zowononga, koma akatswiri amakonda kugwira ntchito ndi mbewu m'malo mocheka. Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yolimba, mbande zake zimagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, tizirombo, ndi nthaka yosauka.

Cuttings amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imene pakufunika kukula msanga mtengo.

Mbali yosamalirira mbande zazing'ono

Njira iliyonse yomwe mungasankhire, mphukira zazing'ono zidzasamalidwa mofanana:

• yang'anani nyengo. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, pamene pali mwayi wa chisanu, musaiwale kuphimba mmera ndi nsalu yopanda nsalu usiku: chimfine m'nyengo ino cha kukula kwake ndi chowononga. Ndipo kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira mudzakola phesi ndi masamba kapena nthambi za spruce kuti azitha kutentha;

Mukudziwa? Mu mndandanda wa mitengo yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, phokoso lachinyengo limatenga malo atatu okha, kumbuyo kwa Australia ndi eukalyptus ndi American redwoods.

• kumbukirani dzuwa. Mvula yam'mawa ndi yamadzulo ndi yabwino kwa achinyamata omwe amathawa, koma masana amayenera kukhala mumthunzi, makamaka m'chilimwe. Apo ayi padzakhala zotentha pamakungwa;
• kuthirira. Ngati palibe mvula yakhala ikuwonekera kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo nthaka pansi pa phokosoyo imayamba kukwiriridwa ndi ming'alu, kuthira madzi mphukira kamodzi pa sabata (25 malita a madzi adzakhala okwanira kamodzi). Ndi kutentha kwakukulu, pitirizani kuchuluka kwa madzi okwanira. Komanso, chomeracho chimakondwera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa m'mawa ndi madzulo;
• kumasula. Pofuna kuti chinyezi chidyetse bwino nthaka, komanso kupeza mpweya ku mizu, musaiwale kuti nthawi zonse mutulutse nthaka yozungulira mtengo;
• kudula. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti atulutse masamba omwe amapezeka masika ndi autumn, koma kukongoletsa korona sikofunikira kwa mthunzi wachinyamata. Kawirikawiri zimapangidwira cholinga chopatsa mtengo mtengo wokongoletsera;
• kumveka pamwamba. Sapling popanda izo sizikhala zosavuta kusamalira mu zaka 2 zoyambirira za kukula, kotero nthawi zonse manyowa nthaka yozungulira ndi peat kapena humus.

Ndikofunikira! Ambiri wamaluwa, kusamalira mphukira zazing'ono psevdotsugi, kumangiriza nthambi zake mu kugwa. Apo ayi pali ngozi yoti m'nyengo yozizira idzaphwanya pansi pa chipale chofewa.

Malamulo akusamalira chomera chachikulu

Zaka 2-3 zoyambirira mutabzala mutseguka ndizofunikira nkhuni. Ngati kuli koyenera kusamalira ziphuphu panthawiyi, m'tsogolomu nthano-hemlock idzadutsa muvuto lililonse popanda thandizo.

Kuthirira ndi kusamalira nthaka

Ngakhale wabodza samatsutsana ndi chinyezi, amalekerera chilala mofatsa. Kwa nthawi yaitali, palibe mvula, koma ngati mukufuna kupanga moyo mosavuta pa nthawi ya nyengo, ndiye kuti tidzalola madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina 10-12 malita a madzi. Malingana ngati kambuku kakang'ono ndi kamphindi kakang'ono, zimathandizanso kuti apange korona.

Korona kukongoletsa

Zitsanzo za anthu akuluakulu sizikusowa kudulira, koma ndizolekerera ngati kuli kofunikira. Chifukwa cha luso limeneli, mitengo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo okongoletsera, chifukwa pa korona wawo ndi zophweka kupanga mawonekedwe omwe amafunidwa.

Kupaka pamwamba

Pambuyo pa zaka zachisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu za moyo, wonama ali kale mtengo waukulu kwambiri umene sufunikira kudyetsa kwina. Okalamba amapeza, yaikulu ya singano ya singano pansi pake, yomwe imavunda, ndikudyetsa nkhonya.

Mukudziwa? Mamembala onse a m'banja la Pine ali ndi singano zomwe zili m'manja. M'chaka ndi chilimwe, amachoka pambali pa nthambi, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, amatsutsana ndi makungwa, ngati kuti amayesera kuti azibisala.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Kuwonjezera pa korona wokongola, wamaluwa amakonda chigoba chawo chachinyengo pofuna kukana matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Pokhapokha pokhapokha, imatha kukhala ndi bowa kapena nsabwe za m'masamba.

Bowa limayambitsa mizu ndi thunthu. Chifukwa chake maonekedwe ake ndi chinyezi chochuluka kapena matenda ochokera ku chomera china. Ngati n'kotheka, chifukwa ichi chiyenera kukhazikitsidwa mofulumira ndikuchotsedwa. Komanso pofuna kuthandizira malo okhudzidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Baktofit, Vitaros). Aphid saopsezedwa ndi machitidwe osokoneza bongo, imatsutsidwa ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Komabe, ngati, ngakhale anthu osagonjetsedwa nawo amapezeka, ndiye kuti mtengowu uyenera kutsukidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ("Aktara", "Commander", "Corado").

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ta conifer.

Psevdotsuga - chokongola kwambiri pa malo aliwonse. Mtengo uwu wochokera ku mitengo ya Pine umataya pansi ndi kusamalira, komabe, zimakondweretsa mwiniwakeyo ndi korona wamtengo wapatali. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti okonza mapulaneti akugwiritsira ntchito kwambiri monga malo a mapaini ndi ziphuphu.