Kukula ndi kusamalira maluwa tigridia

Tigridia - maluwa owala komanso osazolowereka omwe amagonjetsa ndi kukongola kwake ndi zosiyanasiyana. Chitsamba chosathachi chimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, okonda maluwa nthawi zambiri amakana kukula pa chiwembu chawo, popeza akuwona kuti ndi kovuta kuti amupatse zinthu zofunika. Tiyeni tiwone ngati izi ziri zoona, komanso kuti mudziwe zomwe zili zofunika kuti kulima tigridia.

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Tigridia ndi mitundu yosatha ya herbaceous yomwe imakhala ku South America, banja la Iris. Kutalika kwa chomera kumafika pa 30 mpaka 70 cm.

Banja la Iris limaphatikizaponso zomera monga: babiana, crocus (safironi), freesia, montbrecia, gladius.

Mphunoyi imakhala ndi mapangidwe amphamvu kwambiri, omwe amawoneka ngati tigridia, pafupifupi masentimita 6 ndi utali wa masentimita 4. Kuchokera pamwamba, babuyi amadzazidwa ndi zowuma, zomwe zimakhala zofiira.

Masamba ali ofanana ndi maonekedwe, okhala ndi utoto wokongola komanso mthunzi wobiriwira. Zimakhala pamwamba pa nthaka ngati firimu molunjika kuchokera ku basal rosette. Pakatikati pa firimu la masamba ndi lophweka kapena nthambi yomwe imakhazikika. Nthawi ya maluwa mu tigridia imayamba kuchokera ku theka la Julayi kufikira yoyamba yophukira chisanu. Kuchokera ku babu amakula pafupifupi 6 peduncles, iliyonse yomwe imabala yokha 2-3 masamba. Chokhacho chimakhala ndi makala 6, atatu mwa iwo ndi aakulu kwambiri kuposa ena.

Mzere wa corolla uli pakati pa 8-15 masentimita. Chifukwa chache, kukula kwake kosadziwika kwa nyama za tigridia kumakhala mtundu wa katatu kapena maonekedwe a maluwa.

Pamphepete mwa maluwawo muli zofiira, zofiira kapena zachikasu, koma mtundu ukhoza kukhala wosasunthika, ma thotho oyera.

Mukudziwa? AM'zaka za m'ma 1500 ndi 1600, Tstec anagwiritsa ntchito mababu a tigridia kuti azidya. Iwo ankaphika ndipo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbale yaikulu kapena mbale.

Pafupi ndi pakati pa maluwa ndi khalidwe la zokongola za iris monga mawonekedwe otchulidwa. Kutalika kwa moyo wake kulibe maola 10, koma maluwawo amatseguka, motero, kuti apange kukongoletsa, tigridia amabzalidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Mu gulu la zomera khumi ndi ziwiri, maluwa 5-7 adzakhala pachimake tsiku lililonse. Nthawi yamaluwa ya chomera chimodzi sichidutsa masiku 30.

Pambuyo maluwa pa chomera zipse zipatso za mabokosi, omwe amanyamula angapo angula bulauni mbewu. Tigridia imafalitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha mbewu kapena mababu. Pamapeto pa nyengo yokula, babu imatha, m'malo mwake chisa cha anyezi chimakula pa rhizome.

Mitundu

Masiku ano, pali mitundu pafupifupi 55 ya tigridia, koma ndi ochepa chabe pakati pa wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi omwe atchuka kwambiri. Ambiri omwe amaimira mitundu yonse iwiri: tubular tigridia ndi peacock tigridia.

Tigridia peacock - ndi maluwa okonda kutentha, malo achilengedwe omwe amadziwika kuti ndi madera a Mexico ndi Guatemala. Nkhumba ya Tigridia Chidwi chosiyana cha mitunduyo ndi kutsegulira kwa masamba, kotero kumapanga maluwa ofanana, komanso corolla yaikulu yomwe imakhala ndi zofiira kapena zofiira ndi mamita pafupifupi 15 masentimita.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mitundu iyi ndi:

• "Alba": amadziwika ndi maluwa oyera a chipale chofewa ndi chokongoletsera choyera cha mtundu wofiira;
• "Aureya": chomera chokhala ndi maluwa achikasu ndi maonekedwe a mtundu wa carmine ngati mabala;
• Carminea: amadziwika ndi maluwa okongola a lalanje ndi chikasu chokongoletsera;
• "Lilacie": mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi masamba a lilac ndi ma carmine pamunsi pawo;
• "Rosalind": maluwa ndi zovuta, zofiira zofiira ndi zofiira;
• "Wapadera": chomera chokhala ndi maluwa ofiira ofiira, komanso madontho ofiira kapena a golide.

Mukudziwa? Mmodzi wa apainiya a tigridia akuonedwa kuti ndi mmishonale wa ku Spain Bernardino de Sahagun. M'zaka za m'ma 1600, m'buku lake "The General History of New Spain Affairs", a monk adalongosola chomera kwa nthawi yoyamba mwatsatanetsatane, ndipo adawululiranso zigawo zake.

Tigridia tubular - chomera choda moto, malo achilengedwe omwe ali mapiri a ku Mexico. Tigridia tubular Mbali yodabwitsa ya mitunduyo ndi kukula kwake. Kutalika kwa chomera sikupitirira 40-50 cm, kutalika kwake kwa maluwa sikuposa 7 masentimita. Mitundu yakunja ya maluwa imakhala yozungulira kwambiri kuposa ya achibale awo, komanso imakhala ndi mthunzi wofiira wofiira.

Tigridia Chess - Mitundu yosakanizidwa, yomwe imakhala ndi masamba achilendo. Iwo ali ndi zingwe zing'onozing'ono za mithunzi iwiri. Mawangawo amasankhidwa mosiyana, zomwe zimapanga zokongoletsera zapadera. Tigridia Chess Tigridia ambiri-anayenda - chomera chasinkhu kukula, chokhala ndi mtundu wa burgundy wa maluwa ndi maonekedwe a mdima pansi. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri za zomera ndi mawonekedwe ake osadziwika. Amayang'ana panja kwambiri, omwe amachititsa chidwi kwambiri ku maluwa onsewo. Tigridia ambiri-anayenda

Kubalanso kwa babu

Kuyala mababu ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimagwirira ntchito tigridia ku dacha. Kuphatikiza apo, pokhapokha ndi chithandizo cha mababu angakhoze kukwaniritsa mphukira yochuluka kwambiri ndi yapamwamba kwambiri.

Komanso mababu amabereka maluwa monga: tchili, chisanu, autcus crocus, gladiolus, kakombo, narcissus, ixia, candike, allium, hionodoksa ndi dahlia.

Ntchitoyi ili ndi ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

1. Kusankha malo okhala: Chiwembu choyenera maluwa amtsogolo chiyenera kusankhidwa mu kugwa; Zabwino kwambiri m'malo oyenera malo omwe ali ndi nthaka yabwino.
2. Kukonzekera kukwera: Masiku 3-5 asanakhalepo tsiku lodzala, chisa cha mababuchi chagawanika kukhala mababu ndipo chimakhala kutentha. Ma Tirgidia mababu
3. Kubzala kubzala: Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yoyendetsera tigridia ndi pakati pa May. Mababuwo amabzalidwa mu nthaka isanafike kumasulidwa pafupifupi 10 masentimita. Mphukira zoyamba zimaonekera patapita masabata awiri.
4. Kusamalira zomera: Kwa masabata angapo oyamba, mababu amafunikira kwambiri madzi asanayambe kutuluka, kuti chinyezi chizidzaza mizu yomwe ikukula. Pambuyo pooneka mphukira zoyamba, madzi amachepetsedwa, ndipo kuthirira kumakhala kofunikira, komabe kuyanika kwa gawolo sikuyenera kuloledwa.

Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala, makulidwe a minda ayenera kupewa, chifukwa izi zingawononge kukula ndi kukula kwa maluwa. Mtunda wocheperapo pakati pa maluwa amodzi ayenera kukhala osachepera 20 onani

Pofuna kukonzanso kubereka kwa tigridium, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. Tigridia ndi mawonekedwe achikondi omwe salola kuti kusintha kwa mlengalenga kukhale kosasunthika, choncho maluwawo adzamveka bwino pamalo otetezeka, otetezedwa ku zojambula.
2. Anthu okhala kumpoto akulimbikitsidwa kuti asanamere mababu. Kuti achite izi, amafesedwa miphika ndi zabwino kwa masabata angapo asanadzalemo, pamtunda pansi chomeracho chimaikidwa pambuyo pa kumera kwa masamba awiri oyambirira.
3. Kawirikawiri, zomera sizifuna zina zowonjezera, koma polima kulima kokwanira, tsinde limakhala lopsa ndipo limafuna kumangiriza.

Zima yosungirako

Kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula, ana angapo amakula muzitsamba za maluwa kuzungulira babu. Panopa kasupe wotsatira iwo akhoza kumera. Ichi ndi chotchedwa chisa cha mababu, chomwe ndi chodzala.

Dulani kumapeto kwa September, chisanu choyamba chisanatuluke, limodzi ndi maluwa a mlengalenga. Pambuyo pake, corms imasungidwa kutentha kutentha kwa mphindi ziwiri kuti zisawonongeke.

Pambuyo pa masiku 14, mbali zouma zamasamba ndi masamba zimadulidwa popanda kusokoneza kapangidwe ka corms ndi kusiya kutalika kwa masentimita atatu. Kenaka, tigridia imayenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicide iliyonse ya zomera.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati chipinda chosungiramo mababu chiri ndi chinyezi chokwanira, ayenera kupanga zinthu zapadera, kupereka mpweya wabwino. Kuti achite izi, mmalo mwa mchenga, iwo amaikidwa mu matope a nylon ndipo amaimitsidwa.

Njira yosavuta ingakhale 0.7% ya emulsion of foundation. Pambuyo pake, corms ayimanso kachiwiri firiji kwa masabata 1-2. Mababu okonzekera amaikidwa mu chidebe ndipo atakulungidwa mu mchenga wouma woyera. Mu mawonekedwe awa, mababu amawasungira pamalo ozizira pa kutentha kwa pafupifupi 5 ° C. Masiku angapo asanafike, zisazi zimachotsedwa ndi kugawanika kukhala anyezi. Kubzala zinthu ndi zizindikiro zoonekeratu za kuwonongeka kapena zowola zatayidwa.

Kulima kuchokera ku mbewu

Kukula tigridia kuchokera ku mbeu yakhala ikuyenda bwino m'madera ambiri kumpoto chifukwa chifukwa cha nyengo ya babu ya maluwa, alibe nthawi yoti azipanda bwino nyengo yoyamba yozizira isanafike.

Zomwe zimafesa mbewu pa gawo lililonse la nyengo ndizokha. M'nyengo yozizira, ntchitoyi imayamba kumapeto kwa February.

Mbeuzi zimakhala ndi izi:

1. Chitsulo ndi gawo lokonzekera: Zida zilizonse zamasamba zidzakhala zoyenera kukula mbande, zikhoza kusinthidwa ndi makapu apulasitiki omwe angathe. Pakuti kulima mbande kukwanira gawo lililonse lamasitolo. Nthaka ikhoza kukonzekera komanso patokha, kuchokera ku sod land, peat ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1.
2. Kuyika ndi gawo lapansi la zamasamba: Nthaka yomwe imayambira kumera imayenera kudzazidwa bwino, komabe kuwonjezereka kwake kuyeneranso kupewa, chifukwa izi zingawononge kukula kwa mbande.
3. Kufesa mbewu: amachitika mwadongosolo; Kuti tichite izi, mbeu iyenera kufalitsidwa mofanana pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndikuphimba ndi dothi losapitirira 3 mm.
4. Kufesa chisamaliro: masabata angapo oyamba, gawo lapansi liyenera kukonzedwa mochuluka ndi madzi osungunuka kutentha. Pambuyo poonekera mphukira zoyamba, sikofunika kuti muthetsenso nthaka, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa ngati gawo lapansi liuma. Koposa zonse, zida za mbewu zidzatentha ndi kuzizira pa kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C.
5. Kuwaza pamalo otseguka: mbande zokhazikitsidwa ziyenera kukhala mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa May, mutatha kusasitsa pa masamba awiri oyambirira. Mutabzala zomera kwa milungu iwiri muyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka.

Zomwe zimaperekedwa poyambitsa kufalitsa mbewu kwa tigridia:

1. Pofuna kuteteza mbande ku matenda opatsirana, mbeu zomwe zisanafesedwe ziyenera kuyamwa kwa mphindi zisanu mu 40% ya madzi omwe amamwa mowa, kenako imatsukidwa bwino.
2. Pofesa mbewu, munthu ayenera kusunga mtunda wa pakati pa masentimita 5 mpaka 6, motero zingatheke kupeŵa kukula kwa kufesa.
3. Mutabzala tigridia mutseguka pansi, nkofunika kuti muwadyetse, chifukwa chaichi, feteleza iliyonse imakhala yabwino kwa mbande kuchokera kumsika wapafupi.

Kusamalira Zomera

Monga chomera china chirichonse, tigridia amafunikira zida zapadera zakumangidwa, zomwe sichidzatha kuona bedi lofalikira maluwa.

Kuunikira

Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, tigridia ndiwoneka wokonda chithunzi, koma sayenera kubzalidwa pambali yowala ya maluwa, motsogoleredwa ndi dzuŵa lomwe lingalowetse maluwa.

Choncho, ayenera kubzalidwa pamalo abwino, koma zobisika kuchokera ku dzuwa.

Kutentha

Duwa ndilo zomera zokonda kutentha, kotero kuti chitukuko chake chikhale chonchi mu nyengo yowonjezera, mpweya wabwino uyenera kukhala 20 ° C.

Ndikofunikira! Maluwa akhoza kukula pa kutentha pansi pa 20 ° C, koma pakali pano sangathe kupanga mababu okhwima kapena mbewu.

Komabe, m'dzinja, kuwala kwachisanu kwa tigridia sikuli koopsa, kotero iwo amatha kusangalala ndi maluwa awo mpaka kuzirala kwambiri.

Nthaka

Tigridia imakula bwino pa dothi lachonde ndi lochepetsedwa bwino, lotetezedwa ku mphepo yamphamvu, ndi pH yosale kapena yamchere. Nthaka imeneyi iyenera kugonjetsedwa ndi zikhalidwe zabwino zaulimi komanso zisanakhale ndi feteleza ndi mineral kapena feteleza.

Phunzirani kufunika kwa nthaka ya acidity kwa zomera, momwe mungazindikire acidity ya nthaka m'deralo, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.

Kuthirira

Panthawi ya kumera ndi mbande yogwira ntchito, tigridia amafunika kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku kuti akhale ndi chinyezi chabwino, koma sikuyenera kuimitsa zomera, chifukwa izi zingawathandize kufa. Nthawi yotentha, maluwa amamwe madzi awiri pa tsiku, pamene kutentha kwa masana kumadutsa 20 ° C - kamodzi pa masiku 1-2.

Chizindikiro chachikulu cha kusowa kwa chinyezi ndi mawonekedwe a kuuma kochepa pansi. Kumapeto kwa maluwa, tigridia akukonzekera nyengo yozizira, chifukwa ichi, kuyambira kumapeto kwa July, kuthirira ndi kotheka, nthawi imodzi mu masiku 2-3.

Chinyezi

Tigridia ndi zomera zowonda chinyezi, komabe chinyezi chochuluka ndi choipa kwa chitukuko chawo ndi chikhalidwe chawo chonse.

Choncho, m'pofunikira kukula maluwa awa m'malo ouma bwino, podutsa mpweya wabwino (koma popanda ndondomeko). Pa ulimi wothirira, kuthirira mbewu zokha sizothandiza, koma moisten nthaka ya flowerbed.

Kupaka pamwamba

Zovala zapamwamba za maluwa awa ndi zofunika. Kwa nthawi yoyamba zomera zokhala ndi umuna pamwezi mutangotha ​​mazira awiri oyambirira, kapena osapitirira 2 masabata mutatha kuziika ku malo osatha.

Nthawi yowonjezera kudyetsa chakudya kumagulu pa siteji yogwira ntchito.

Zomera zimayesetsa kuti feteleza ndi zovuta feteleza kwa maluwa.

Ndikofunikira! Pa nthawi ya maluwa, tigridia sayenera kudyetsedwa, panthawi imeneyi zomera zimasowa madzi okwanira okha.

Kawirikawiri, malangizi othandizira omwe amagwira ntchitowa akukwaniritsa zokhumba za zomera, koma ngati mukufuna kupanga maluwa okongola kwambiri, ndiye kuti pamene mukuyamba kudya muyenera kuwonjezera mamita 30-40 pamtunda umodzi pamtunda. mamita feteleza.

Pamene budding, zimalimbikitsa kuti pachimake maluwa ndi yankho la nitroamofoski ndi ndende 30 g pa 10 malita a madzi.

Mavuto akukula

Mavuto aakulu pa kulima tigridia sizimayambitsa, komabe zovuta pakubereka kwake zimathabe. Pa nyengo yokula, wolima akhoza kupeza maluwa, kufa kwa zitsanzo zina ndi zina. Kawirikawiri, izi ndi zotsatira za kuthirira, kudyetsa, ndi zina zotero. Choncho, bedi labwino la maluwa la tigridia limatheka kokha ndi kusunga mosamala malamulo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa kuti azisamalira.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Tigridia nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa:

1. Virus za Musa za Fodya: amachititsa kusintha mtundu wa masamba pamtundu wa marble ndi maukwati a beige kapena pinki, komanso amachititsa kuti maonekedwe awo apangidwe. Masiku ano, mankhwala osokoneza bongo samakhalapo, choncho, pofuna kuteteza chitukuko chake, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zapamwamba ndi mababu a kubereka kwa tigridia, chaka ndi chaka amagwiranso masamba ndi zina zatsamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu, kuwononga zokolola zakuthupi ndi zipangizo zam'madzi mowa mankhwala oledzeretsa kapena mankhwala ena otsutsa.
2. Rusty: Zikuwoneka ngati mapangidwe apamwamba pamwamba pa chomera. Zitha kukhala zazikulu ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi ufa wofiira wofiira umene umatuluka pamene iwo akusweka. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, duwa liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi mayankho a Alfa-Tebuzol, Flutrivit, Polygard, kapena ofanana.
3. Scab: Matendawa amawonetseredwa ndi zilonda zapakati pazomera, zomwe zimadziwika ndi zigawo zam'mimba, zilonda zam'mimba, ziphuphu, zosaoneka bwino. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, njira zowonongeka za flowerbeds zimachitika 2-4 nthawi pa nyengo ndi njira zothetsera Fitosporin-M, Agat-25K, Albit, Acrobat MC, Phindu Gold, Ordan, Kuproksat kusankha kapena zofanana.
4. Yowola: Kuwonekera kumalo otchedwa zilonda za masamba ndi mphukira za zomera. Pa malo aliwonse, nsaluyo imakhala mtundu wofiira ngati wofiira, wofiira kapena wakuda. N'zotheka kuthetsa matendawa mothandizidwa ndi Kuproksat yankho kapena Bordeaux osakaniza.

Komanso, tigridia amavutika ndi tizirombo:

1. Medvedka: amadya mizu ndi mababu a duwa, zomwe zimayambitsa. Kuzindikira tizilombo tingathe kukhala pazing'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono ndi minks m'nthaka ndi masentimita angapo masentimita. Чтобы предотвратить развитие медведки, луковицы перед посадкой обязательно нужно протравить "Фьюри", "Актарой", "Антижуком", "Децисом", "Конфидором" либо аналогами. Медведка
2. Трипса: определить вредителя можно по характерным мелким черным точкам на листве. В случае масштабного развития паразит вызывает сухие язвы, а также скручивание и отмирание листьев. Komanso chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha tizilombo ndi khalidwe lomwe limauma pa masamba. Thrips ingagonjetsedwe ndi thandizo la "Avertina N", "Abamektina", "Aktelikta", "Agrovertina", "Fitoverma" kapena zofanana. Maulendo
3. Slugs: tizilombo timadya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zimayambitsa chiwonongeko cha maluwa. Mukhoza kudziwa slugs ndi mtundu wamtundu wa ntchentche pa zomera ndi nthaka yoyandikana nayo. Mukhoza kuthana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala monga Mesurol, Glanzit, Snacol kapena ofanana.

Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti

Mtundu wodabwitsa wa duwa umenewu umasonyezedwa pamutu. Makhalidwe ake ndi akambuku, koma mtundu waukulu wa petal ukhoza kukhala wofiira kapena wachikasu. Masamba okongola. Iwo ndiatali komanso akulira.

Kutalika kwa chomera ndi 30-40 cm. Kumakula mofulumira.

Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha Tigridia ndi chakuti maluŵa amamasula maluwa m'mawa kwambiri ndipo amatha madzulo, ndipo tsiku lotsatira, inflorescence yatsopano imapezeka, nthawi zambiri mumthunzi wosiyana. Ndipo kotero mpaka kugwa. Maganizo abwino kwambiri amadzazidwa ndi fungo losangalatsa.

Yofalitsidwa ndi mababu. Kwa nyengo yozizira ndimakumba ndikusunga ngati gladioli. Ndimafesa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, posachedwa kutentha kwa chisanu. Odzichepetsa, amafunika kusamalira ndi kuthirira. Kukula pafupifupi dothi lililonse.

Ndibwino kuti mukukongoletsa malo. Ngati mukufuna kudabwitsa mzako ndi maluwa osazolowereka, omasuka kusankha Tigridia. Aliyense amene anaona Tigridia pa webusaiti yanga ankakonda kwambiri maluwa.

Alena

//otzovik.com/review_9428.html

Tigridia ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri omwe amasangalatsa wamaluwa padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale chiyambi chake, chomeracho sichifuna malo apadera ngakhale m'madera ndi kumpoto kwa nyengo.

Komabe, kuti maluwawo akondweretseni nthawi yonse yomwe ikukula, iyenera kukhazikitsa nthaka yapadera ndi kuthirira, mwinamwake sikungatheke kukwaniritsa maluwa obiriwira.