Chifukwa chake dziko lapansi liri lofiira pachimake, pali nkhungu, midges ndi fungo losasangalatsa

Kuyambira amalima a maluwa posakhalitsa akukumana ndi vuto la maonekedwe a gawo lapansi loyera mwa mphika, ndipo kawirikawiri izi zimayambitsa nkhawa kwa zinyumba zamkati. Ndipotu, dziko lino si vuto lalikulu lomwe lingathe kuvulaza chomeracho, koma izi ndizoopsa. Lero, tipenda mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zimayambitsa nyemba zoyera ndikufufuza momwe tingagonjetsere vutoli ndi zomwe tingachite m'tsogolomu kuti tipewe chikhalidwe choterechi.

Zamkatimu:

• Kuphimba koyera pamwamba
• Nkhungu mu maluwa a maluwa
• Midges mu nthaka
• Fungo losasangalatsa m'nthaka mu mphika wa maluwa
• Njira zothandizira
• Ndemanga

Mavuto Ovuta

Kawirikawiri, m'nyumba zamaluwa zimawonongeka chifukwa chosayenera, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri gawo lapansi ndipo zimayambitsa mizu ya mbewu.

Kuphimba koyera pamwamba

Pamene gawolo limasanduka loyera mu maluwa, ichi ndi chizindikiro chakuti chomera chisasamalire, choncho choyamba ndikofunika kudziwa zomwe zinayambitsa vuto. Zifukwa za

Pali zifukwa zingapo za kuonekera kwa gawo loyera, pakati pawo pali:

• Kuthirira mobwerezabwereza - Mchere umapezeka pamwamba pa nthaka chifukwa cha kutuluka kwa madzi.
• Kusamba madzi kochepa - Zitsulo zingathe kuwonjezeka pa nthaka. Pachifukwa ichi, nthaka yosanjikira mu mphika imasokonezeka, ndipo madzi amatsitsa pamwamba pamwamba pa gawo lapansi, zomwe zimachititsa kuti nyemba zoyera ziwonekere.
• Kusakwanira kwa mpweya Amayambitsa madzi otentha kwambiri omwe agwera mu mphika - pambali iyi, mchere umathamangira kwambiri pamwamba pa gawolo. Nthaka imakhala saline, yomwe imakhudza kukula kwa zomera.
• Feteleza mopitirira muyeso. Ngati maluwawo amadyetsedwa kawirikawiri kapena kavalidwe kakang'ono kwambiri, gawolo likhoza kukhala loyera.
• Gawo losankhidwa mosasankhidwa kuti likhale ndi zomera zowonjezera. Kugula izo mu sitolo, mvetserani chizindikiro. Pali zochitika zogula gawo lachilengedwe lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbande. Nthakayi imachiritsidwa mwapadera ndi zowonjezera zambiri kuti zithandize kukula kwa mbewu. Pankhani imeneyi, maluwa amayamba kuoneka pamwamba, ndipo izi zingakhudze thanzi la maluwa.
• Kusagwirizana ndi chiŵerengero cha mphika wa mphika ku kukula kwa chomera. Monga mukudziwira, alimi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti asankhe kukula kwa mphika kotero kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa mbewu yomwe idzabzalidwe mmenemo. Ngati mumanyalanyaza lamulo ili ndikugula poto lalikulu, tsitsani gawo lalikulu pamenepo ndikubzala chomera, ndiye kuti mizu yake sidzatha kuyamwa chinyezi chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nthaka. Motero, ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya wa madzi, pamwamba pake pamakhala mwamsanga ndi pachimake choyera.

Chithandizo cha dothi

Pali njira zingapo zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito maonekedwe oyera pa nthaka miphika ya maluwa. Muyenera kusankha njira yoyenerera nokha malinga ndi chifukwa cha vutoli.

Kunyumba, ndibwino kukula chlorophytum, aloe, laurel, ficus, kalanchoe, chrysanthemum, cactus, pelargonium, sansevieriya.

Kuyikapo pansi pa gawo lapansi kumapanga pang'onopang'ono ndipo kunali pafupifupi imperceptible, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwaza ndi dongo pamwamba.

Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti patapita nthawi, nyemba yoyera ingathe kukhazikika pa dothi lokulitsa. Pachifukwa ichi, ngalande yam'mwamba imachotsedwa, yasambitsidwa bwino ndikubwezeretsanso mu mphika.

Palinso njira ina yothetsera vuto - pogwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa mtsinje. Amagona pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndikumasula nthaka bwino ndi ndodo. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito koteroko sikudzangoteteza kuonekera koyera pa gawo lapansi, komanso kumathandiza mizu.

Njira yofulumira komanso yosavuta ndiyo kuchotsa pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndi nthaka yoyera, ndipo m'malo mwake nthaka yatsopano imathiridwa. Ngati mwatsimikiza kuti chifukwa choonekera pachimake pansi ndi mpweya wouma m'chipinda, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mphika pachitayi ndi dothi lowonjezera, lomwe nthawi zonse limaphatidwa ndi madzi kuchokera mu botolo la kutsitsi. Mwanjira imeneyi mumapanga chinyezi choyenera kuzungulira mphika ndikuletsa vuto kuti lisayambe.

Nkhungu mu maluwa a maluwa

Kawirikawiri zochitika zapopu yoyera zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chilengedwe - chitukuko cha fungal spores ndi mawonekedwe a nkhungu pa gawo lapansi. Izi zimayambitsa chisamaliro chosayenera maluwa kapena chiwonongeko cha zinthu zina zolakwika zachilengedwe.

Mukudziwa? Nkhungu ndi zamoyo zamoyo zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi: zinawonekera zaka zoposa 200 miliyoni zapitazo. Panthawi yomwe ilipo, nkhungu yatha kukwaniritsa zovuta kwambiri zachilengedwe ndikukhalabe ndi madzi oundana.

Kawirikawiri nkhungu yoyamba imapezeka pamalo omwe nthaka ndi mphika zimagwirizana. Zotsatira za mgwirizano umenewu zimadziwika ndi maluwa oyera kapena obiriwira omwe amafalikira ndi liwiro lalikulu. Ngati simukulimbana ndi vutoli, mpweya umadzaza ndi nkhungu zambiri, ndipo patapita kanthawi zimakhala zofiira, ndipo maluwa amamwalira.

Tikukulangizani kuti mupeze maluwa omwe ali abwino kwambiri pa miphika.

Zifukwa za

Kawirikawiri, kupezeka kwa nkhungu mu mphika ndi chifukwa cha chikoka pa gawo la zinthu zilizonse zoipa.

Pachifukwa ichi, pali zifukwa zingapo zowonjezera nkhungu:

1. Kuthira mopitirira malire ndi kusamba kwa madzi mu gawo lapansi. Chifukwa cha nthawi zonse, spores ya bowa imakula mofulumira, ndipo nkhungu imapangidwa.
2. Kutentha kwapafupi ndi chinyezi chapamwamba mu chipinda ndi malo abwino kuti chitukuko chikule.
3. Nthawi zonse kuthirira nthaka ndi madzi ozizira.
4. Kusasamala kapena kusagwiritsira ntchito bwino madzi kumabweretsa kusungunuka kwa mabowo mumphika ndikupangitsa kuti madzi asawonongeke pansi, zomwe zimayambitsa kufalikira kwa bowa.
5. Kugwiritsira ntchito nkhungu zowonongeka ndi nkhungu za kubzala maluwa.

Ndikofunikira! Kawirikawiri bowawu amayamba kumadera ozizira kwambiri m'chaka ndi m'dzinja, pamene chinyezi chiri pamwamba, nyumba imakhala yozizira, ndipo kutentha kwa nthaka kumakhala kochepa.

Chithandizo cha dothi

Kawirikawiri chifukwa cha kukula kwa nkhungu mu mphika ndi kuthirira madzi ndi chinyezi, kotero ngati zinyama za fungal zinaonekera mu gawo lapansi, choyamba chofunika kukonza ndondomeko ya kuthirira. Pachifukwachi, kuchepa kwafupipafupi kwafupika ndipo mphamvu ya madzi imachepetsedwa.

Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire zomera zogona m'nyumba.

Ngati duwa limakhala losavuta koma kuthirira madzi okwanira, ndikofunikira, pambuyo pa kuthira pansi kwa nthaka, kudutsa mu gawo lapansi ndi ndodo ya mtengo, mpaka kufika pamtunda, kufika pamtsinje.

Pamene kumasula ndikofunikira kuti muchite mosamala kwambiri kuti asawononge mizu.

Pofuna kuteteza maluwa kuti asawonongeke ndi kuchotsa nkhungu mu mphika, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita izi:

1. Chotsani mbali ya kunja ya gawo lapansi lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi bowa. Ndikofunika kuchita izi mofulumira, mwamsanga pamene nkhungu zoyamba zimapezeka. Ngati mudikirira pang'ono ndi kuchotsa, matendawa ayamba kulowa mkati mwa nthaka, zomwe zimayambitsa chomera ndi kufa.
2. Tengerani gawo la pansi pa gawolo ndi madzi acidic. Pa ichi, supuni ya supuni ya citric acid imasungunuka mu kapu yamadzi. Chifukwa cha madziwa, spores wa bowa sudzachuluka ndipo posachedwa amwalira.
3. Gawo losowa la gawolo mu mphika liyenera kudzazidwa ndi nthaka yatsopano, yomwe mungathe kuwonjezera mabakiteriya, omwe amawongolera kukana bowa. Kuti muchite izi, makala oyenera, opunthidwa mu zidutswa zing'onozing'ono, kapena sphagnum.
4. Pambuyo pazochitikazo, gawoli limathiriridwa ndi yankho la "Fundazol" (1 l madzi ndi 2 g ya mankhwala). Ngati nkhunguyo inagunda duwa, imathandizidwanso ndi mankhwalawa.

Gwiritsani ntchito gawo la pansi la substrate ndi citric acid.

Mukawona kuti nkhungu yayamba kufalikira pansi pa gawo lapansi, mukhoza kuyesa maluwa mwa kuziika. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani mosamala m'phika, mosamala mosamala mizu kuchokera ku gawo lapansi. Kenaka pitani maluwa mwachizolowezi.

Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe apangidwa kuti athetse nkhungu, zambiri zokhudza iwo zikhoza kupezeka mu sitolo yapadera.

Ndikofunikira! Mukasankha ndalama zoterezi, m'pofunika kuti muwerenge mosamalitsa kalatayo pamtengowo kuti muwonetsetse kuti sichivulaza chomera.

Midges mu nthaka

Kawirikawiri maluwa amkati amakhudzidwa ndi midges, omwe amapezeka chifukwa chosatsatira malamulo a chisamaliro. Zowonjezeka kwambiri ndi poduras ndi stsiaridy - maluwa pakati, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito nthaka ndi zomera zobiriwira. Sizimapweteketsa maluwa, koma mphutsi zawo zimatha kuwononga kwambiri - zimakhudza kukula, zimayambitsa masamba ndi maluwa. Zifukwa za

Zina mwa zifukwa zazikulu za maonekedwe a midges ndi awa:

1. Kuthirira kwambiri zomera. Nthaŵi zonse nthaka yochulukirapo ndi malo abwino kwa ntchito yofunikira ndi kubalana pakatikati.
2. Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka yomwe idapangidwa pofuna kubzala zomera.
3. Kuthirira duwa ndi zamadzimadzi zomwe sizinachite cholinga ichi. Mwachitsanzo, amayi ena amasiye amakonda kumwa madzi a mphika ndi tiyi mowa, zomwe nthawi zina zimayambitsa matendawa.

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Chithandizo cha dothi

Pali njira zingapo zomwe zingathe kuthana ndi tizirombo. Izi zikuphatikizapo: thupi, mankhwala ndi anthu.

Njira zowononga tizilombo ndizo:

• Thirani ku nthaka yatsopano. Pochita izi, duwa limachotsedweratu mumphika, mizu imachotsedwa ndi dothi loipitsidwa, ndipo imaikidwa mu njira yamba, ndikuganizira zonse zomwe zimakhalapo mmera;

Ndikofunikira! Mphika umene maluwawo anali nawo uyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi odzola ndi kutsukidwa ndi madzi otentha.

• kusankhidwa mwadongosolo kwa gawo lapansi. Ngati mulibe ntchentche zambiri, mungathe kuzichotsa mwa kuchotsa pamwamba pake. Kuti tichite izi, zimaponyedwa mosamala ndi kutayidwa kunja, ndipo voids ili ndi gawo lapansi latsopano.

Mankhwala amatha kuwonongedwa kwa tizirombo amagula m'masitolo apadera. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoterezi ndi zophweka, ndipo mwamsanga amakumana ndi ntchitoyi. Mankhwala oterewa amaperekedwa mwa mawonekedwe a "Muhoed", "Fufanona", "Agravertina", "Fitoverma", "Aktar". Ndikofunika kuzigwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo omwe atchulidwa palemba.

Kawirikawiri, zomera zamkati zimawonongeka ndi tizirombo. Phunzirani momwe mungachotsere tizilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Pakati pa mankhwala ochizira polimbana ndi midges ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Kuti muchite izi, sungani potaziyamu permanganate mu lita imodzi ya madzi - pampando wa mpeni, kuti madzi asinthe kuwala kofiira mthunzi. Imwani madziwa kuti asakanikike maluwa kamodzi pa masiku asanu ndi awiri ndikuwombera nthawi zonse ndi botolo;
• njira zopindulitsa. Izi zimaphatikizapo fodya, phulusa la nkhuni, adyo kapena pepala la orange, zomwe zimagawidwa pamwamba pa gawolo. Njira zoterezi chifukwa cha fungo zimawopseza ntchentche zakuda ndipo musalole kuti zikhalepo nthawi zambiri.

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Fungo losasangalatsa m'nthaka mu mphika wa maluwa

Nthawi zina zimakhala kuti dothi mumphika limayamba kununkhira mosavuta - ichi ndi chizindikiro choyang'ana gawo lapansi ndikuyamba njira yovunda mizu ya maluwa. Vutoli likugwirizana kwambiri ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, ndipo pofuna kusunga chomera, nkofunika kuchita mwamsanga, mutangozindikira zizindikiro zoyamba kuziwona.

Zifukwa za

Zina mwazimene zimayambitsa acidification ya nthaka ndi izi:

1. Kuwedzeredwa kochedwa kwa zomera kuchokera ku gawo lapansi kumene kunali pamene inu mugula ku shopu la maluwa. Nthakayi imatulutsa madzi ndipo imayambitsa zomera.
2. Kukula mu nthaka yolemerera dongo, yomwe si yoyenera kwa chomera ichi ndipo imayambitsa kuvunda kwake.
3. Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, kapena kusuntha duwa m'malo ozizira, ozizira.
4. Palibe mabowo okwirira kapena ngalande.
5. Kusiyana pakati pa kukula kwa mphika ndi kukula kwa mbewu.

Chithandizo cha dothi

Chifukwa cha acidification ya nthaka, chiopsezo chowonongedwa chotheratu cha chomeracho ndi chachikulu kwambiri, chotero, pofuna kuchipulumutsa icho, m'pofunika kuchotsa maluwa kuchokera mu mphika ndikuyang'ana mizu. Ngati mizu sinawonongeke, ndiye kuti dziko lapansi likulumikiziridwa mu nyuzipepala kapena zakuthupi zapadera. Chomeracho chimayikidwa pamalo otentha, kutali ndi dzuwa.

Onani zochitika za mipesa yolima mkati.

Nthawi zonse musinthe zinthu zakuthupi mpaka madzi asamatayikire pansi. Perlite kwa zomera Pambuyo pa clod youma, imayikidwa mu perlite ndikubzala mu mphika wakale. Nthawi ina mutabzala, ndibwino kuti mutulutse nthaka kuti mupereke mpweya ku mizu ya mbeu.

Ngati mutatulutsa phula ladothi, mizu yowola imapezeka, muyenera kubzala mbewu ku gawo latsopano. Kuti muchite izi, mizu ya mbewuyi ingathe kutsukidwa pansi pamtunda, kudulira mizu yovunda ndikuyipitsa malo odulidwa ndi nkhuni. Kenaka, chomeracho chimabzalidwa m'malo atsopano.

Mukudziwa? Foni yamakono Makala amagwiritsiridwa ntchito monga ngalande - amatha kuyamwa mchere umene umapulumutsa dothi kusasaka. Kuwonjezera madzi owonjezera, ma malasha amateteza overmoistening, ndipo popanda kuthirira amapereka chinyezi kwa chomera.

Njira zothandizira

Pofuna kuti zomera zisayesedwe ngati nkhungu zofiira, ntchentche zakuda kapena kudula gawo lapansi, nkofunika kutsatira malamulo ena pa nthaka pa miphika ya maluwa ndipo nthawi zonse amapewa kupewa.

Njira zothandizira ndizo:

1. Nthawi zonse, koma osati kuthirira mopitirira malire.
2. Sankhani mphika molingana ndi kukula kwa chomera.
3. Kusamba bwino, komwe kumasankhidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mabowo mumphika, kuti asawawononge.
4. Nthawi zonse kumasulidwa kwa nthaka kuti mupeze mosavuta oxygen ndi kutayika kwa madzi kumadzimunsi a substrate.
5. Chithandizo cha nthaka ndi njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate 1 nthawi pa mwezi.
6. Kuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane wa chipinda chomwe muli zomera, kukhalabe ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi.
7. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka yabwino, yomwe imagulitsidwa m'masitolo apadera ndikupangidwa mu matumba a fakitale.
8. Kuchotsa mwadzidzidzi nthaka yomwe idagulidwa musanadzale duwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate.

Choncho, maonekedwe a nkhungu, nyemba za patina, fungo losasangalatsa kapena midges mu nthaka ya miphika ya maluwa zimagwirizana ndi kusamalidwa bwino kwa zomera. Pofuna kupeŵa zotsatira zovuta, nkofunika kuganizira zenizeni za kusamalira maluwa ndi kusunga njira zothandizira, ndipo ngati pali vuto, tengani mwamsanga kuti mbeuyo ikhale yathanzi.

Ndemanga