Maphunziro ndi mbiriyakale ya thirakitala DT-20

Dokotala wa DT-20 - Ichi ndi cholowa chenicheni cha sayansi ya dziko. Ngakhale kuti nthawi yaying'ono yomasulidwayi, izi zakhala zikudziwika pakati pa mabungwe azaulimi komanso pakati pa anthu wamba. Mphamvu, kudzichepetsa posiya komanso kuthekera kugwira ntchito ngakhale nyengo yovuta kwambiri inachititsa thirakitayi kukhala chizindikiro chenicheni cha nthawi yake, popanda ntchito imodzi yaulimi kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, masiku ano, anthu ambiri sadziwa zomwe mbiri ya ulimi wamakono unayambira ndi zomwe zimayambitsa zamakono zamakono zamakono. Ndicho chifukwa chake timasunthira mu nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane, komanso tidziwa chomwe chizindikiro pa tekitala ya DT-20 yatha pambuyo pake.

Ali moyo mpaka nthawi zathu

Dokotala wa DT-20 - Ndilo gudumu laulimi, lomwe lakonzekera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zakumunda. Zaka zoposa 12 za kupanga makina amenewa zidapangidwa kusintha kwakukulu komwe kwasintha terekita. Malingana ndi deta ya boma, thirakitala idatha kuchoka pamsonkhanowo mmbuyo mu 1969. Komabe, izi sizinakhudze kutchuka kwake pakati pa alimi m'mayiko onse a USSR. Panthawi yonse yomasulira mabuku pafupifupi 250,000 adalengedwa, ena mwa iwo adatumizidwa ku France ndi Holland, koma magalimoto ambiri adatsalira kuti agonjetse kukula kwa dziko la motherland.

Mukudziwa? Chipangizo chotero ngati thirakita chinakhazikitsidwa mu 1825 ndi munthu wa Chingerezi dzina lake Keely. Kopi yoyamba inali ndi injini yotsika kwambiri, koma imatha kusuntha ndi kusamalira mitundu yonse ya nthaka.

Terekitayo idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama m'nkhalango, ma robot amapiri ndi m'minda kwa zaka makumi ambiri, popeza kudalirika kwake sikunakayikira pakati pa anthu onse otsutsa. Ndi chifukwa chake amapezeka masiku ano.

DT-20 ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mpaka lero m'mapulasi ena ndipo, ngakhale atakalamba, amakumana bwino ndi ntchito zambiri, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kugulitsa kwaulere ndi mtengo wa madola 1500 US. Komabe, kawirikawiri malo awa a teknoloji amatha kupezeka ngati malo osungirako zinthu zakale. DT-20 imawonetsedwa ku Saratov, yomwe imawonetsedwa ku Sokolovskaya Hill, mu Museum of Mkate wa mzinda wa Bulgar (Tatarstan), ku Cheboksary Museum ya Mbiri ya Trakita, komanso ngakhale imodzi mwa zokopa kwambiri mumzinda wa Belarusian wa Deep.

Mukudziwa? Matrekta oyambirira ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ankhondo monga mphamvu yogwira zida zonyamula katundu. Pofuna ulimi, makina amenewa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1850 okha.

Mbiri ya tekitala DT-20

DT-20 inali sitepe yotsatira pakukula kwa thirakita kumanga zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri za makumi awiri. Makinawa anachotsamo zitsanzo zambiri zochokera ku Kharkov Tractor Plant monga XTZ-7 ndi DT-14. HTZ-7 inali imodzi mwa magawo oyambirira omwe anamasulidwa ku gawo la USSR. Kukula kwa thirakitala ndi chiyambi chake choyambira m'mbali zonse za moyo pambuyo pa nkhondo yapadera kunalimbikitsa kwambiri makampani ambiri. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kufunika kwa makina amenewa kunatsimikizira kuti pambuyo pa zaka zisanu mu 1955, akatswiri a kharkov anamasula njira yatsopano, yotchedwa DT-14.

Ngakhale kuti DT-14 inkayikidwa pazinthu zamakono zamakinale, tekitalayi siinali yosiyana kwambiri ndi zida zamakono. Ngakhale kuti amatha kukwanitsa dziko lapansi, tekitala inachititsa madalaivala mavuto ambiri, chifukwa ankafunikira mafuta kuti ayambe, ngakhale kuti unit yomweyi inkagwira ntchito pa mafuta okha.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge momwe mungasankhire thirakitala kuti mugwire ntchito kumbuyo kwa nyumba, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mini-tractors: Uralets-220 ndi Belarus-132n, komanso phunzirani kupanga tekitala ya mini kuchoka ku motoblock ndi tekitala ya mini ndi kuphwanya chimango.

Kuchotsedwa kwa cholakwika ichi posinthidwa pambuyo pake sikungathetsere vutoli, kotero akatswiri a Kharkov anabwerera kuti apange robot yovuta kwambiri.

Mu 1958, matrekta oyambirira a DT-20 anatuluka, ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa 1969 kupanga makina sikunathe.

Zachilendozo zinalengedwa mothandizidwa ndi DT-14; komabe, zinakhala ndizinthu zambiri zopititsa patsogolo.. Izi zinapangitsa kuti terekita ikhale yosadalirika komanso yogwira ntchito, komanso ikuyimira gawo lonse la ntchito ya kumunda.

Chifukwa cha zonse zomwe zilipo, okonza makina a Kharkov adasula zotsatirazi:

• DT-20-C1: Zogwiritsira ntchito zamakono zimasankhidwa m'njira yopezera wothandizira wokonzanso pakati pa mizere ya zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana;
• DT-20-C2: makina a ntchito zaulimi, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati thirakitala ya maulendo aifupi;
• DT-20-C3: Mtundu wotumizira wotengera wa thirakitala, mosiyana ndi oyambirirawo, mu C3 unali mbali ya magetsi yosinthidwa ndi kuika mapiko ambiri. Kuwonjezera apo, opanga amapereka chitsanzocho ndi mapazi, zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi mapuloteni kwa mbale ya layisensi;
• DT-20-C4: pafupifupi zofanana ndi mtundu wa C3, kusiyana kwake kwakukulu ndi njira zowonjezeretsa zogwiritsira ntchito pamsewu wamanzere;
• DT-20-C5: Galimotoyi inapangidwa ndi France ndi Holland. Kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kuchokera ku zitsanzo zamtundu wapitayi zogulitsa kunja kunali njira yapadera ya magetsi a pambali malinga ndi malamulo a maikowa. Kuphatikiza apo, chipangizochi chakhala chikuwongolera bwino mawonekedwe a injini pogwiritsa ntchito makina opanga magetsi.

• DT-20V: chipangizo chotsatiridwa, chokonzekera kugwira ntchito m'minda yamphesa yokhala ndi mzere wa mamita 1.5;
• DT-20K: makina omwe amadziwika bwino pakati pa miyambo yayitali. Tekitala inali ndi katchi yawombo, koma ndi chiwongoladzanja chachikulu ndi chiyero kuposa mazithunzi;
• DT-20U: tekitala yaing'ono yamakudu, yokonzedweratu kuti ikhale ndi malo ocheperapo, komanso zipangizo zothandizira mafamu.

Mukudziwa? Terekita yothamangitsidwayo inayamba kuonekera mu 1903 chifukwa cha kuyesa kwa katswiri wa zamalonda ndi wamalonda Benjamin Holt.

Kuwoneka ndi luso la thirakitala

Dalakitala la DT-20 ndiloling'ono la ulimi, lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama kugwira ntchito m'minda ndi minda, komanso tekitala ya zosowa zosiyanasiyana m'masitima, kumatauni ndi kumanga. Ngakhale kuti anali ndi mphamvu zochepa, okonzawo anatha kupanga njira yoyendetsa bwino komanso yosavuta kugwiritsira ntchito, ndipo injini ya dizilo yosadzichepetsa inapereka mphamvu yapadera ku galimotoyo.

Talakita ili ndi mawonekedwe a chikhalidwe cha mtundu uwu wa zipangizo. Magudumu ake am'mbuyo amatha kupitirira matayala a kutsogolo, omwe amathandiza kuti agwiritse ntchito pamtundu uliwonse wa dothi lachonde. Magudumu amatetezedwa kuchokera pamwamba ndi mapiko kuchokera ku dothi, zomwe, malinga ndi mtundu wa kusinthidwa, zimakhudzidwa ndi ziboda zotsekedwa kapena mabakita osinthika. Palibenso mawonekedwe a DT-20, engine, gearbox ndi kutsogolo kutsogolo ndi njira imodzi yomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palibe denga pa thirakitala, komabe, pakukonzekera kwina pali mapulani apadera oikapo chivundikiro cha awning.

Dziwani nokha ndi matrekita: MT3-892, MT3-1221, Kirovets K-700, Kirovets K-9000, T-170, MT3-80, MT3 320, MT3 82 ndi T-30, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana mitundu ya ntchito.

Mosasamala mtundu wa kusintha kwa thirakitala ya DT-20, mukhoza kusintha malo otsiriza ndi zida zazitali. Njira zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kukhala ndi malo abwino kwambiri komanso malo otsika nthawi yaitali. Bokosi lagalimoto la galimoto liri ndi zosiyana, zimathandiza kuti kayendetsedwe ka chipangizocho chikhale ndi liwiro lofanana ndi kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo.

Zosintha zoterezi zokhudzana ndi zitsanzo zam'mbuyomu zikugwirizana ndi kuyesayesa kwa okonza mapulani kuti agwire ntchito ndi mitundu yonse ya zipangizo zaulimi pokonza mbewu zochepa zomwe zikukula.

Mukudziwa? Lingaliro lopanga tekitala popanda chithunzi monga monolith imodzi kuchokera mu injini, bokosi la gear ndi kumbuyo kumbuyo ndi Henry Henry. Motero, automaker inachepetsa mtengo wa kapangidwe ka galimotoyo ndipo inapangitsa kuti ambiri apeze alimi.

Zolemba zamakono

Zofunikira zazikulu za tekitala DT-20

Video: kuyang'ana tekitala DT-20

Miyeso ndi kulemera kwake

Dalakita la DT-20 lili ndi kukula kwake. Mipangidwe yeniyeni ya makina ali 2818 mm x 1300 mm x 1231 mm, zapamwamba 3038 mm x 1300 mm x 1438 mm. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kusakhala kwathunthu kwa chimango kwasintha kwambiri kulemera kwace, chifukwa sichiposa 15,600 kg.

Ndikofunikira! Mapangidwe a matakitala a DT-20 samapereka mabakita okwanira a zolemera zoyezera zomwe ndi zofunika kuti aphatikize pneumatics pansi. Chilemachi chimachotsedwa pang'ono chifukwa cha kudzazidwa kwa nyamakazi ndi madzi.

Injini

Terekita imakhala ndi injini yajeremusi inayi yokhala ndi imodzi yamsana. Mtundu wa kuzirala ukuzungulira, madzi apampopi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chozizira. Choyamba cha magetsi chimaperekedwa poyambira injini. Magalimoto ali ndi njira yapadera yomwe imachepetsa kugwedeza. Zili ndi zipilala ziwiri zofanana, zowonongeka bwino. Pampu ya mafuta ndi yosavuta, gawo limodzi.

Kutumiza

Kutumiza pa DT-20 yosavuta, yosakanikirana. Pakati pa injini ndi bokosi la gear ndi mkangano wotsutsana, wokhala ndi diski imodzi. Pamene thirakita ikuyendetsa, sikutseka. Ndodo yothandizira imathandizira kulamulira ichi.

Kupatsirana kumeneku kuli ndi magalasi 4, komanso kuthekera kobwerera. Kuthamanga kwakukulu sikupitirira 15.7 km / h, koma ndiwonjezeka mu injini ikufulumira kufika 1800 mphindi, liwiro likuwonjezeka kufika 17.65 km / h.

Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsa ntchito injini nthawi zonse pamtunda wautali, kufooka kwake kumakula nthawi zambiri, injini iyenera kufulumira ndi mphamvu zopitirira 80% za mphamvu zoposa.

Kuthamanga magalimoto

Chassis DT-20 ili ndi zigawo zotsatirazi:

• magudumu ndi kutsogolo kutsogolo;
• kutsogolo kumbuyo ndi mawilo;
• ndime yowongoka;
• mphutsi yoyendetsa magetsi ndi double roller;
• ndondomeko yosweka.

Zipangizo Zogwiritsira Ntchito

Monga zipangizo zothandizira DT-20, magulu aliwonse omwe ali ndi makina oyendetsa magalimoto angagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe angathe kuyendetsedwa pogwiritsira ntchito magetsi. Chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakati pawo ndi izi:

• LNV-1,5 kumbuyo;
• PAV-000 transporter;
• Wopopera ONK-B;
• Osh-50 duster;
• chophwanya ABH-0.5;
• Sitimayi yothandizira PVF-0.5.

Ndikofunikira! Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupeze zipangizo zamakono zogwirira ntchito ndi matakitala a DT-20, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zipangizozi sizimagwirizana ndi unit.

Zamakono zamakono

Chipangizocho chinasiya zosawerengeka pa mbiri ya makampani opanga matakitala. Anakhala mafakitale enieni a ulimi pa nthawi yake, chifukwa chake opanga makina a Kharkov anadziwika ndi ojambula ambiri. Zithunzi zotsatirazi zotsatizana zinakhazikitsidwa mothandizidwa ndi unit:

• T-25: Kukula kwa Vladimir Motor-Tractor Plant, yopangidwa kuyambira 1972 mpaka 1973;
• T-25A: makina a Vladimir Plant Tractor Plant, yoyamba kuchoka pamsonkhano wa msonkhano mu 1973 ndipo amapangidwa mpaka lero;
• MTZ-50: Chigawochi, chopangidwa ndi Plant Tractor Minsk kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1985;
• MTZ-80: thirakitala ku tchire ya Minsk, yomwe inapangidwa kuyambira 1974 mpaka lero;
• T-40: thirakitala yopangidwa ndi Lipetsk Tractor Plant, yomwe inapangidwa kuyambira 1962 mpaka 1995;
• LTZ-55: malo a akatswiri a Mitengo ya Matakitala ya Lipetsk, thirakitala yapangidwa kuyambira 1995 mpaka lero;
• Agromash 30TK: imodzi mwazinthu zatsopano zomwe zachokera ku Vladimir Motor Tractor Plant, zomwe zinayambira pamsonkhano wazaka khumi zapitazo.

Ndemanga za wogulitsa tekitala DT-20

Popeza amzanga ena ali ndi chidwi ndi thirakiti yakale iyi, potsiriza ndinaganiza zopanga mutu wa DT-20. Terekita iyi ndi ya banja langa kwa zaka 30. Mu nthawi za Soviet, preobreli kale. Sindikudziwa kuti zinali zotani pa nthawiyo, koma mtsogoleri wa dziko lino adayang'anira chilolezo chogula ndi kukonzekera zikalata za thirakitala, yemwe adatolota wina ku Lithuania anapulumutsidwa ku chitsulo chosungiramo chuma, chobisika kwa zaka zambiri ndikugulitsa ku Latvia. Chaka chilichonse timakhala ndi ntchito yocheperapo, monga makolo ali kale kale ndipo ali ndi ng'ombe imodzi yokha. Ndipo izi zisanachitike panali munda wabwino. Ndili ndi bambo anga, thirakitala inakonzedweratu nthawi imodzi, chikhalidwechi chinali chabwino, koma sizinatheke kupenta pazaka 30 izi.

Poyamba ndidzalemba apa zithunzi izi. Ngati wina ali ndi chidwi ndi zina, ndikutha kutenga chithunzi, ndiuzeni.

//content3-foto.inbox.lv/albums/m/menips/1K62-29-01-2011/DSC07908.jpg

//content3-foto.inbox.lv/albums/m/menips/1K62-29-01-2011/DSC07933.jpg

//content3-foto.inbox.lv/albums/m/menips/1K62-29-01-2011/DSC07941.jpg

//content3-foto.inbox.lv/albums/m/menips/1K62-29-01-2011/DSC07924.jpg

//content3-foto.inbox.lv/albums/m/menips/1K62-29-01-2011/DSC07923.jpg

//content3-foto.inbox.lv/albums/m/menips/1K62-29-01-2011/DSC07920.jpg

//content3-foto.inbox.lv/albums/m/menips/1K62-29-01-2011/DSC07915.jpg

//content3-foto.inbox.lv/albums/m/menips/1K62-29-01-2011/DSC07915.jpg

maris_grosbergs

//www.chipmaker.ru/topic/155751/

DT-20 ndi malo enieni a sayansi yapamwamba ndi zamakono. Zaka zochepa chabe, bungweli linagonjetsa mitima ya antchito azaulimi ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali linakhala luso lapamwamba lamakono komanso odalirika. N'chifukwa chake nthawi yotsatira, olemba mapulani ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina opanga makina a Kharkov kuti apange makina abwino komanso odzichepetsa pa ntchito ya kumunda ndi kumunda.