Momwe mungayang'anire bowa kuti mumvetsetse ndi njira zamtundu, ndipo ndizoopsa?

Bowa wamadzi odzola, woyera, wokazinga mu kirimu wowawasa, msuzi wobiriwira wa bowa - chiwerengero cha mbale ndi bowa sichiwerengera. Anthu ambiri amasankha okha bowa kuti aziphika kunyumba, chifukwa sizothandiza pokha, komanso nthawi yosangalatsa. Komabe, zochitika zoterezi zingakhale ndi zotsatira zovuta ngati simukudziwa zovuta zonse za ndondomekoyi. Mmene mungasiyanitsire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zakudya kuchokera ku poizoni, ndipo ndi zoopsa zanji zomwe zilipo - tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane.

Zamkatimu:

• Kodi n'zotheka kuyang'ana mlingo wokhala ndi "diso", ndi chiyani chomwe chimadzala
• Njira za anthu ndi mphamvu zawo
• Yang'anani ndi uta
• Timagwiritsa ntchito mkaka
• Momwe mungayang'anire bowa ndi siliva
• Vinyo wofiira ndi mchere kuti asamalire bowa
• Malamulo oyambirira omwe amasankha bowa m'nkhalango
• Zabodza ndi zenizeni
• Malo abwino: kumene simuyenera kusankha bowa
• Bowa wambiri
• Chithandizo choyamba cha poizoni wa bowa

Kuopsa kwa poizoni ngakhale ndi mitundu yodyedwa.

Choyamba, bowa wodyedwa akhoza kuvulaza thanzi. Chida ichi chimakhudza zinthu kuchokera ku chilengedwe, nthaka yomwe imakula, manja omwe amasonkhanitsa. Choncho mavitamini achilengedwe omwe ali bowa ali olemera amapezeka mu malembawo, komanso amapezeka mosavuta:

• mabakiteriya. Iwo ali paliponse, kuphatikizapo chakudya. Zamagetsi zopanda kutentha ndi njira yapadera yopita poizoni. Gulu loopsya limaphatikizapo bowa losakanizidwa, zomwe sizikuphatikizapo kuphika. Ndipo chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mchere, marinade otero ndi owopsa kwa thanzi;

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti tiphunzire momwe tingamvekerere mkaka wachisanu bowa, chanterelles ndi ryadovki.

• poizoni. Bowa lawo likhoza kukula monga nthawi ya kukula, kukhala pafupi ndi misewu, zomera ndi mafakitale, ndikukonzekera mbeu yokolola kale. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi zophika.

Kuphatikiza pa maonekedwe ovulaza, perekani poizoni:

• kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso. Mimba ndi yovuta kukonza zakudya zoterozo, choncho zigawo zazikulu zimayambitsa chisokonezo cha njira za m'mimba. Anthu omwe amadwala matenda osatha omwe ali okhudzidwa, okalamba, ana, ndi chifuwa chachikulu makamaka ali pangozi;
• mphutsi, zowonongeka, makope oonongeka. Mu matupi awo a zipatso, zowonongeka zawonekera kale zomwe ziri poizoni kwa anthu;
• bowa sagwirizana ndi mowa. Mitundu ngati govorushka claviform, bowa wofiira ndi woyera, uli ndi poizoni, womwe ulibe vuto lililonse pamoto wophika kapena wothira, ngati suugwiritsa ntchito mowa. Pansi pa mphamvu yake, poizoniyo amasungunuka, ndipo mkati mwa ora zizindikiro zoyamba za poizoni zikuwonekera;
• zolakwika zam'chitini. Bowa wosakanizidwa kapena wosapaka mchere, wosungidwa m'magalasi a magalasi, mwamsanga amawonongeka, ndipo mabakiteriya owopsa amachokera mwa iwo. Izi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha chivundikiro chopotoka.

Ndikofunikira! Kuti mumvetsetse kuti chinthu china chosasangalatsa ndi kusungirako, ndipo ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito, zidzalola kuti chivindikiro chizikulira pa chitha.

Kodi n'zotheka kuyang'ana mlingo wokhala ndi "diso", ndi chiyani chomwe chimadzala

Mwa anthu pali njira zambiri zozindikiritsira bowa chakupha, koma njira zoterezi ndizokayikitsa kwambiri. Okhazikitsa bowa amayamba kukhulupirira kuti kununkhira kudzakuthandizira pankhaniyi: mitundu yoipa imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa.

Komabe, munthu aliyense amazindikira oonetsera m'njira yake, pambali pa mitundu ina yodyedwa imamva fungo losasangalatsa (mwachitsanzo, champignon wamba).

Wina amakhulupirira kuti tizilombo ndi mphutsi sizidya zamkati zoopsa, choncho, zowonongeka zokha zimasonkhanitsidwa. Chizolowezi cholakwika chomwe chiribe umboni wa sayansi. Kuwonjezera apo, timakumbukira zomwe zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi wormy. Koma mawu akuti kumwa mowa ndi bowa kumatha kuchepetsa poizoni wa mitundu yoopsa kwambiri inakhala mawu oopsa kwambiri pa thanzi. Mowa sakhala ndi katundu womwewo, komanso, nthawi zina zimangowonjezera mavuto.

Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zinakula pa dziko lathu lisanakhale ma dinosaurs pano. Ndipo mitundu ina siinasinthe nkomwe.

Njira za anthu ndi mphamvu zawo

Zina mwa njira zofala zomwe zilipo zambiri mwazinthu zodziwika kwambiri, zomwe zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano zikuyesedwa kuchokera ku sayansi yowona.

Yang'anani ndi uta

Anyezi kapena adyo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ayesedwe. Nkhumba zimatsukidwa, kutsukidwa ndi kutumizidwa ku poto ndi madzi a mpweya. Pamene madzi ayamba kuwira, onjezerani magawo pang'ono a anyezi kapena adyo, ndipo penyani mosamala.

Zimakhulupirira kuti masamba azitenga zowonongeka ngati zitsamba zoopsa zophikidwa mu kapu.

Video: yang'anani bowa ndi anyezi Koma, zonse zimakhala zosavuta: anyezi ndi adyo amasintha mtundu pogwiritsa ntchito tyrosinase - puloteni yomwe imapezeka mu bowa zonse zodyedwa komanso zoopsa. Choncho, njira iyi siingaganizidwe ngati yogwira ntchito.

Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yaitali, asayansi sanadziwe kuti ndi bokosi liti omwe ali bowa, chifukwa mwa mapuloteni, ali pafupi ndi nyama, koma kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi mchere kumabweretsa pafupi ndi zomera. Mtsutsowo unathetsedwa mu 1960 ndi kulenga ufumu wosiyana wa bowa.

Timagwiritsa ntchito mkaka

Njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo - yang'anani mkaka wamba. Zimakhulupirira kuti ngati bowa woopsa umalowa m'madzi, mkaka umasintha mofulumira. Kuchokera ku lingaliro la sayansi, mawuwo ndi osalungama.

Organic acids amachititsa acidification, komanso pepsin, mavitamini omwe amapezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa, ndipo samakhudza kuyenera kwawo.

Momwe mungayang'anire bowa ndi siliva

Nthano ina imakhudzana ndi siliva. Njira yotchuka imanena kuti chinthu cha siliva chomwe chimaponyedwa mu chidebe ndi bowa otentha chimakhala chakuda kwambiri poyang'anizana ndi mitundu yoopsa.

Video: Kuyang'ana Bowa ndi Mkaka ndi Silver Ndipo siliva ikuda kwambiri. Osati kuchokera poizoni, koma kuchokera ku sulfure mu fungal amino acid.

Ndikofunikira! Sulfure imapezeka mu mitundu yambiri ya zakudya, koma, ndi yoopsa kwambiri, izi sizipezeka m'mitundu ina yoopsa, choncho sizingatheke kuziwerengera motere.

Vinyo wofiira ndi mchere kuti asamalire bowa

Mankhwala ena amtunduwu sali ndi cholinga chozindikiritsa, koma polepheretsa poizoni. Njira yodziwika kwambiri pankhaniyi ikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito vinyo wosasa ndi mchere.

Pakuphika, m'pofunika kuwonjezera vinyo wosasa-saline ku bowa, ndipo zidzasokoneza poizoni. Inde, zotsatira zofanana ndi zotheka ndi mitundu yochepa kwambiri ya poizoni (mwachitsanzo, zokopa), koma njirayi sichimayesa zitsanzo zoopsa monga Amanita ndi chowotcha.

Malamulo oyambirira omwe amasankha bowa m'nkhalango

Kusonkhanitsa mvula yotsatira m'nkhalango yokolola, kumbukirani kuti wolemba bowa, monga woyang'anira, ayenera kuganizira zinthu zambiri, kufufuza zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, musanasankhe kubwezeretsedwa koyenerera padengu lake. Choyamba, kumbukirani:

• Mitundu yoopsa yowopsa makamaka pang'ono, kotero amafunika kudziwa bwino. Pezani anzanu odziwa bwino ntchito kapena Intaneti omwe mitundu yoopsa imakula m'deralo ndipo muwaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane. Sizimapweteka ngakhale kutumiza chithunzi ku foni yanu kuti panthawi yoyenera pali chitsanzo chofanizira;
• nyengo youma ndi yotentha - osati nthawi yabwino ya "kusaka chete";
• musatenge bowa wambiri (tidzakambirana za zifukwa zina);

Mukudziwa? Bowa wamkulu kwambiri padziko lapansi wakula ku USA. Kulemera kwake kunali makilogalamu 140, ndi kupingasa - 2 mamita.

• Musanagwiritse ntchito, dikirani maola angapo m'madzi wamba., nthawi kusintha kuti kuchotsa poizoni kwambiri. Ngati n'kotheka, yesetsani kuphika bowa, motero kuchepetsa kwa poizoni kumachepa kwambiri.

Ndipo malamulo oyambirira a chotowa cha bowa ichi adzayang'anitsitsa.

Zabodza ndi zenizeni

Aliyense amene wakhala akudyera bowa amadziwa kuti mitundu yonse yodyedwa ili ndi mapasa owopsa, omwe amangozisiyanitsa. Ndi zinthu izi zomwe olemba bowa ayenera kuzidziŵa kuti akolole mbewu zomwe sizikuvulaza thanzi.

Tiyeni tiwone zitsanzo za mitundu yofala kwambiri:

• bowa woyera. Choyambirira chake "chinyengo" ndi chipewa cha mtundu woyera kapena beige. Ngati muwona bowa ndi kapu yofiira, yofiira, yachikasu, musakhudze iyo. Mungathe kuchotsanso kachipewa. Muzoyera zoyera, kupasuka kwa malo sikudzasintha, koma mu bowa la satana kumeneko adzayamba kusonyeza buluu kumeneko;

Tikukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe ndi zamatsenga zam'madzi ndi njira zokolola ndi kuzizira nkhumba m'nyengo yozizira.

• usana. Ndi kosavuta kulakwitsa apa ngati simusamala mwendo nthawi. Zochitika zenizeni kuchokera ku miyendo kupita ku kapu imatambasulira "skirt", ngati kuti ukugwirizanitsa zigawo izi. Zochitika zabodza zilibe "zowonjezera" zoterezi. Chizindikiro chachiwiri ndi chipewa chokhala ndi mamba, zomwe zimapezeka ndi mitundu yokhayo. Mafungo owopsa amavuta mopanda phokoso ndipo amakhala ndi mtundu wowala;

• mbale ya mafuta. Oimira awa amtunduwu amadziwika ndi kapu ndi phazi losachedwa. Kuchokera pa kuwakhudza ndi zala, zizindikiro zimakhalabe, monga mafuta, izi zimaonekera makamaka mvula, nyengo yozizira. Nthaŵi ya dzuwa, khungu lawo limakhala lowala komanso losavuta litachotsedwa ndi mpeni. Pansi pa kapu ikufanana ndi chinkhupule, koma mtundu wa mitundu yodyera ikhoza kusiyana.

Ndikofunikira! Mukhoza kudziwa zitsanzo zosadziwika bwino mwa kudula chidutswa. Mitengo ya mitundu yoopsa idzawombera kapena ikhale buluu.

• champignon. Mbali yake yaikulu ndi grebe woopsa kwambiri. Iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi oyendetsa bowa awo pa khungu (mu mafinya ndi ofewa, owuma, owuma m'madera), kapu (kuzungulira mu bowa wodyera ndi pang'ono kuponyedwa mu bowa wowawa) ndi mbale pansi pake. Mu champignon, zimakhala zakuda, koma toadstool sichimachita. Pa mwendo wa zojambulazo mumawoneka filimu yowala pamunsi, yomwe yofiira yofiira sangathe kudzitama. Kuphatikizanso apo, mabwenziwa amakonda malo osiyana: bowa amakula m'madera otseguka, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mphepete mwa minda ya masamba, pamene mapasa owopsa amakhala mumthunzi wa nkhalango zakuda;

• msuzi wofiira. Pano padzakhala zovuta kuti mudziwe zachinyengo ziwiri. Chizindikiro cha choyamba: bezel woyera. Mabala achibadwidwe kawirikawiri amakhala ndi kulawa kowawa, kotero tizilombo ndi mphutsi zimaziteteza. Chizindikiro chachiwiri: phazi loyera. Iyenera kukhala chithunzi chofanana ndi makungwa a birch. Ngati ikusowa, kapena pali mitsinje yofanana ndi mitsempha ya magazi, tisiye chonchi. Chizindikiro chachitatu: mthunzi wobiriwira kapena wofiirira wa kapu, womwe umapangitsa pansi pa pinki. Maluwa achi brownish alibe mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Chizindikiro Chachinayi: kapezi. Ngati pali velvety pamwamba pa zala, ndizoipa, chifukwa ndi zosavuta kudya. Ndipo potsiriza kuswa thupi - brownberry adzakhala woyera, osati pinki;

Zakudya zokadya

Mukudziwa? Bowa ndiwo omwe amachititsa maantibayotiki. Anali ochokera ku bowa cha yisiti mu 1940 penicillin anachotsedwa.

• boletus. Sizimasokonezeka nthawi zambiri ndi mitundu ina, koma pakati pa mapasa, pafupi ndi iye ndi gorchak (gall fungus). Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chibokosi cha malalanje sichikukula m'nkhalango, chimakhala ndi matope pachimake, chimbudzi chake chimajambula pinki, ndipo thupi pambuyo pang'onopang'ono lidulidwe limasintha kuchoka ku white kupita ku pinki. Ndipo mawere awiriwa amawoneka okongola, ovala bwino, osankha bowa omwe amadziwa bwino kwambiri.

Gorchak (mandulu wamchere)

Malo abwino: kumene simuyenera kusankha bowa

Ngakhale bowa amatha kukula pafupifupi kulikonse, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa paliponse. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chikhalidwe chino chimakhudza kwambiri zinthu zomwe zili m'chilengedwe, ndikuyesera kupewa:

• misewu. Kutentha kwa mpweya sizowonjezera bwino pa umoyo waumunthu, kotero timasamukira m'nkhalango pafupifupi makilomita kutali ndi misewu ikuluikulu, ndipo zidzakhala zokwanira mamita 500 kuchokera pamsewu wamba;
• njanji za njanji;
• mafakitale ndi zomera;
• mafuta storages ndi mafuta oyambira;
• malo ogulitsa katundu;
• makampani opanga ulimi (pamene akukula zokolola zawo, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe amafalitsidwa kudzera mu nthaka kuti bowa ikule pafupi).

Bowa wambiri

Gulu loopsya lokha ndilo mitundu yakale ya mitundu yodyedwa. Ngakhale kumera m'madera otetezeka, amatha kudziunjikira zitsulo zokwanira ndi zovulaza mwaokha okha kwa nthawi yaitali kuti asokoneze thanzi la munthu. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, yesetsani kusonkhanitsa mphukira zazing'ono.

Mukudziwa? Kukumana ndi bowa kumatha kufika ma atmospheres 7, choncho zimapezeka m'misewu ya asphalt. Pa kukula kwake, "mwana" woteroyo amatha kupyola konkire, komanso marble ndi chitsulo.

Koma ngati sizingatheke kupeŵa kugwedezeka, ndiye wiritsani kwa mphindi 20 musanagwiritse ntchito. Pambuyo pa madzi ayenera kuthiridwa, ndipo pokhapokha bowa zidzakhala zokonzeka kupititsa patsogolo.

Chithandizo choyamba cha poizoni wa bowa

Zolakwitsa, mwatsoka, nthawizina zimachitika kwa osankha amwawa omwe amawadziwa, choncho ndi kofunika kwambiri kuti athe kupereka chithandizo choyamba ngati ali poizoni.

Izi ndizo ntchito zomwe zikuphatikizapo:

1. kuyitana kwa ambulansi. Izi ziyenera kuchitika mwamsanga pamene zizindikiro zoyamba zikuwonekera;
2. chapamimba chimasamba. Onetsetsani kuti kuchotsedwa koyamba kwa poizoni kuchokera mu thupi kumatha kusanza. Kuti muchite izi, lolani kuti wodwalayo amwe madzi okwanira 1-2 malita a potassium permanganate (malangizo okonzekera ayenera kukhala pa phukusi). Zotsatira zomwezo zidzachitika chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amatsenga (atayikidwa, malasha oyera) pa mlingo wa 1 gramu ya mankhwala pa 1 makilogalamu a kulemera kwaumunthu. Kuwombera kumapitirizabe kupitiliza ngati palibe madzi otsala m'mimba. Ngati palibe mankhwala apadera, mchere wamba udzachita. Kwa chikho chimodzi cha madzi kuchepetsa 2 tbsp. l mchere ndi kupereka zakumwa. Njira yothetsera vutoli idzakhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwewa ndi omwe amapezeka mofanana (1-2 magalamu pa 1 kg ya kulemera), koma chiwerengero cha mankhwalawa chigawidwe mu magawo awiri masana;
3. thupi lamadzi m'malo mwake. Kuthamanga ndi kutsekula m'mimba kumauma kwambiri, kotero atatha kuchotsa poizoni, chinthu choyamba choyenera kuchita ndi kuchepetsa madzi. Pochita izi, gwiritsani ntchito tiyi wokoma, madzi amchere.

Komanso, sizamupweteka wodwalayo kuti aike penti yotentha yotentha pansi pa mapazi kapena m'mimba mwa wodwalayo kuti azionetsetsa kuti magazi akuyenda bwino. Pamene chithandizo choyamba chikugwiritsidwa bwino, gulu lachangu lidzapitirizabe chithandizo. Zikakhala choncho, nthawi yake ndi yofunika, imathandiza kupeŵa mavuto.

Kulowa m'nkhalango, musadalire njira zodziwika bwino: zilizonse zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zichitike, koma mphamvu za ndalama zotere sizikutsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi. Ngati bowa lirilonse liri kukayikira, musazitenge. Kumbukirani malamulo a kusaka kwa bowa ndi kusamalira thanzi lanu ndi okondedwa anu.