Katsitsumzukwa koyera (Katsitsumzukwa L.) wakhala akudziwika kuyambira kalekale powerenga nkhaniyi ndipo mudzapeza mtundu wa masamba.
Pambuyo pokhala ndi nthawi yowonongeka ndi kutchuka, lero chomera ichi chikukhala chodziwika kwambiri ngati chinthu cholimidwa, chokoma pophika, gwero la mankhwala opangira mu pharmacology.
Kufotokozera
Katsitsumzukwa ndi osatha a kakombo banja, kwambiri chisanu zosagwira, kukula bwino pa chonde ndi yochepa dothi.
Katsitsumzukwa m'minda ikhoza kukhala chiwerengero cha anthu osakwanitsa zaka 20.
Herbaceous dioecious chomera, pa maluwa amphongo omwe amapanga mungu; pazikazi, mazira, ndiyeno zobiriwira zofiira, polysemy.
Kuthamanga kufika mamita awiri ndi michere yambiri ya singano, rhizomes amphamvu amapereka masamba ambiri, kumene mphukira zodyera zimakula.
- Iwo ali nawo
- mavitamini a gulu A;
- amino acid asparagine ndi arginine;
- mavitamini;
- mafuta ofunikira;
- Mitundu yambiri ya mchere ndi zotsatira: selenium, manganese, potaziyamu, calcium, sodium, mkuwa, phosphorous.
Katsitsumzukwa koyera kumapezeka pafupifupi chaka chonse, malingana ndi njira yobzala.
Zithunzi kuchokera ku mbewu zoyambirira za masamba:
Mitundu ina yowonjezera ya katsitsumzu pa webusaiti yathu: Sprenger, Sickle, Pisty, Meyer.
Kubalana, kulima, kusamalira
Kumapeto kwa March, mukhoza kuyamba kukula mbande (njira yobereka yobereka).
Mbewu imayikidwa mmadzi otentha kwa masiku awiri, zimathandiza kuwonjezera kukula kokondweretsa.
Muzitsulo ndi nthaka yokonzedwa bwino (gawo limodzi la peat, mchenga, manyowa m'magulu awiri a nthaka), mbewu zimabzalidwa mozama osachepera 2 cm, pamtunda wa masentimita 5-6 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zimere kumera ndi bwino chinyezi komanso nthaka sizitali kuposa 25 ° C.
Zipatso zikuwonekera pa sabata ziyenera kuwonetsedwanso nthawi ndi madzi.
Kukula kwa mbande ndi pafupifupi mwezi, panthawiyi muyenera kumasula nthaka ndi kuthirira zomera.
Ngati mukukonzekera kupitiriza kukula mbande kunyumba, masiku ochepa muziyenera kutembenuza mabokosiwo ndi mbande kuunika kumbali zosiyanasiyana.
Kusindikizidwa kwa masamba kumalo otseguka kungatheke kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June ndipo kungakhale bwino kuyembekezera ndi kuuma: mbande imasiyidwa mlengalenga kwa ola limodzi, pang'onopang'ono imakula nthawi ndi kubweretsa kwa maola 12. Mbewu zazing'ono zimatha kuikidwa pamalo osatha pakatikati pa mwezi wa June, akuluakulu - masika ndi autumn.
- kumasula;
- kupalira;
- chovala;
- kuthirira ndi chilala.
Chisamaliro chiri panthawi yake
Katsitsumzukwa kakuphulika kungagwiritsidwe ntchito monga njira yodula kubereka: kuyambira March mpaka June, cuttings amadulidwa kuchokera ku chaka chatha mphukira za munthu wamkulu.
Kwa rooting, iwo amabzalidwa mumchenga wouma, wokhala ndi chingwe kapena kuchotsa mbali ya botolo la pulasitiki.
Pazokhazikika, chodzala chiyenera kupopedwa ndi kuwonetsedwa, kuchotsa chivundikiro tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pambuyo pa masabata asanu ndi limodzi, zidutswazo zimaikidwa mu miphika ndikuyang'anitsitsa ngati mbande.
Njira ina yobweretsera, vegetative (rhizomes), imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse m'chilimwe ndi m'dzinja.
Malowa ayenera kuchotsedwa namsongole ndi humus pa nthawi yodzala kasupe, kenaka kukumba ndi manyowa ndi chisakanizo cha feteleza mchere panthawi yopuma.
Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ku mizere yomwe imayenera kubzalidwa, pomwe pansi pa mzerewo pamakhala phokoso limene katsitsumzukwa kamabzalidwa. Mbali iliyonse ya chitsamba chosagawanika ayenera kukhala ndi mphukira imodzi. Mizu ya zomera imawongoka bwino, yolimbikitsidwa ku nthaka ndi kuwaza dziko lapansi.
Oyenera kusonkhanitsa katsitsumzukwa ka mphukira kumapereka chaka chachitatu mutabzala.
Kololani molondola
Zokolola ziyenera kukhala panthawi yomwe mphukira za chimera chachikulu chikuyandikira padziko lapansi - izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi maonekedwe a ming'alu ndi ming'alu.
Nkofunika kuti musaphonye nthawi yomwe mphukira ikuphuka pamtunda, kuti mphukira ya katsitsumzu ikhale yoyera.
Katsitsumzukwa kameneka kamadulidwa mosamala kuti asawononge zomera, kupita ku chipinda chakuda chakuda, kumene chingasungidwe kwa masabata awiri pa ° ° ° C.
Katsitsumzukwa koyera kakhoza kupezeka kutseguka pansi m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuti muchite izi, dera la katsitsumzu kachisanu ndi chaka chimachotsedwa ndi chipale chofewa, nthaka imadzaza ndi manyowa otentha (50 - 60 masentimita) a manyowa otentha ndi matsamba akuwonjezeredwa kuchokera ku ndodo kapena bango.
M'nyengo yozizira, katsitsumzukwa kakhoza kusungidwa mu yosungirako, zipinda zapansi ndi greenhouses.
Tsatanetsatane wa momwe mungakwerere katsitsumzukwa ku mbewu ingapezeke mwa kuyang'ana kanema:
Kulimbana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo
Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa katsitsumzukwa mbewu kungayambitsidwe ndi dzimbiri, matenda a fungal. Ndikofunika kudziwa zizindikiro za dzimbiri nthawi - mawonekedwe ofiira - ofiira, kudula ndi kuwotcha mphukira zokhudzana ndi matendawa kuti asapitirize kufalikira kwa matendawa.
Tizilombo - tizirombo ndizovuta pakubereka katsitsumzukwa.
Katsitsumzukwa kolulu (tsamba kachilomboka) - wofiira - wakuda beetle, wowononga zimayambira ndi masamba a katsitsumzukwa. Kuyambira mwezi wa June mpaka August, kachilomboka kamatulutsa mazira pa mphukira, mphutsi zoyambirira zimadyetsa masamba, mphukira zachiwiri, zomwe zimalowa m'madzi, zimawononga mbewu.
Tizilombo timakololedwa ndi manja, kuonongeka, kumapeto kwa zokolola, mphukira zonse zouma zimachotsedwa pofuna kuteteza mphutsi kubisala m'nthaka ndi kubwezeretsa kachilomboka m'chaka. Pakati pa munda mumatha kupopera zomera ndi pyrethrum kukonzekera.
Katsitsumzukwa kuuluka - Imeneyi ndi tizilombo timene tili ndi mapiko awiri, omwe amauluka kuchokera mu April kufika kumayambiriro kwa June. Mkazi amaika mazira pansi pa mlingo wa zomera. Pakukula kwawo, mphutsi zimayendetsa (migodi) mu mphukira, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa.
Kudziwika kuti mphukira zakhudzidwa zimachoka ndi kuwononga. M'dzinja, mutatha kukolola, zomera zimachiritsidwa ndi phosphamide, nthaka imayang'anitsitsa bwino. Pakakhala vuto lalikulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, katsitsumzukwa kamene kamasunthira kumalo ena.
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
Kawirikawiri, katsitsumzukwa ndi kopindulitsa chifukwa chake chimapangidwa.
Komabe, anthu okhala ndi chiwerengero cha matenda a impso ayenera kusamalitsa katsitsumzukwa mu zakudya zawo.
Zimakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira zake kumaphatikizapo oxalic acid, zomwe zili m'thupi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa za urolithiasis.
Mu mankhwala, kukonzekera katsitsumzukwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mankhwala odana ndi kutupa, kuchita mtima kwa mtima, chilakolako chofuna kudya, komanso matenda a mapapo, gout ndi rheumatism.
Koma katsitsumzu koyera kamagwiritsa ntchito pophika pophika. Zakudya zokoma, zokoma, ndi zokonzedwa bwino, zimaonedwa kuti ndi zokoma monga chakudya chodziimira payekha komanso kuwonjezera pa masamba ena, komanso nyama, nsomba, tchizi.
Kuchokera katsitsumzukwa amaphika supu, kukhuta kwa masangweji ndi pies, compotes, kissels.
Katsitsumzukwa ndi opatsa mavitamini ndi zakudya kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene masamba ena saperewera. Gwero la thanzi ndi zosangalatsa mu kukoma, nyemba katsitsumzukwa koyera kumatsimikizira kuti khama lidalipo pakulima mbewu zabwino zamasamba.
