Ukrainians amakonda adyo. Amaonjezera zakudya zambiri, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, amadya shuga ndi borscht. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popewera ndi kuchiza matenda ozizira ndi matenda a tizilombo. Choncho, imakula pafupifupi chiwembu chilichonse cha banja.
Lingalirani zothandiza zothandiza momwe mungabzalidwe nyengo yachisanu.
Phindu la Kukula Kwadzu
Garlic, obzalidwa mu kugwa, ali ndi ubwino angapo pa kasupe "wokondedwa". Iwo ndi:
- Nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito: yozizira adyo amadyedwa m'chilimwe, pamene nyengo yamasika imakhala pansi;
- Kudzala nthawi: Pali nthawi yokwanira kugwa kukonzekera kubzala ndi mabedi, simudzasowa kuchita izi masika, pamene pali ntchito zambiri pa chiwembu popanda icho;
- Mitengo yachisanu imakhala yosakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizirombo;
- ndi bwino kubzala yozizira adopa mantha ozizira;
- palibe kusowa kwa kuthirira, monga chimvula chachisanu ndi mvula yamasika imalitsa dziko mokwanila;
- zokolola za nyengo yachisanu ndi zapamwamba kuposa chilimwe, ndipo clove ndi zazikulu;
- Mabedi samasowa kawirikawiri, chifukwa adyo wachinyamata amawoneka asanamere namsongole ndipo akhoza kuwamwetsa.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za katundu ndi kukonzekera adyo: ubwino ndi zowawa za adyo, adyo mivi, zouma ndi adyowa; maphikidwe pofuna kuteteza adyo ndi adyo mivi; yosungirako adyo.
Yabwino mitundu yozizira adyo
Garlic mitundu wamkulu Ukraine, zambiri. Koma ena mwa iwo adalowa mu Register Register.
Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu yozizira yotere:
- "Sofievsky". Msuzi, mutu wamtsuko, wakuthwa. Mu babu 5-6 akulu clove. Nthawi ya zomera ndi masiku 105-110. Kusungidwa bwino.
- "Prometheus". Gunman. Anyezi woyera ndi mano 5-6. Zamasamba - masiku 103. Kusungirako mphamvu ndi sing'anga.
- "Kharkov Purple". Gunman, akuthwa kwambiri. Pamutu 4-6 mano. Zamasamba - masiku 110-115. Avereji yokhutira. Good chisanu kukana (mpaka -25 ° C). Zokolola zabwino (14-16 t / ha). Mababu amakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba.
- "Madzikuta". Zomera zoyambirira zimakhala masiku 85-100 (kuchokera pa cloves) ndi masiku 60-80 (kuchokera ku air bulbous). Bili ndi loyera ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira, ili ndi ma 5-6 akuluakulu opangira mano. Kwambiri kwambiri.
- "Merefyansky white". Ogwedezeka, okhwimitsa (masiku 105-110). Mutu woyera woyera ndi mano a 5-6 akulu.
- "Spas". Gunman. Mtundu wa Husk ndi imvi-wofiira ndi glitter. Zolemba zonse, zakuthwa. Zakale zosungidwa: muzinthu zabwino zikhoza kunama mpaka kumayambiriro kwa April. Kulimbana ndi nematode ndi fusarium. Angasinthe zinthu zatsopano. Kutsika-ololera.
- "Mtsogoleri". Osasamalidwa. Kutentha kwambiri. Bulub yoyera yakuda, yolemera 30-35 g. Avereji kukana ndi nematode ndi fusarium. Ndi malo osungirako bwino angakhalepo mpaka kumayambiriro kwa March.
- "Kupambana". Mtsinje, wokhala ndi mivi yayikulu (mpaka mamita 2). Ambiri okhwima (masiku 110-115). Purple anyezi (35-40 g) ali ndi 5-6 cloves. Kukoma ndi zokometsera.
- "Malo a Starobelsky". Gunman. Kuyambira pakati (masiku 105-110). Mitu yoyera 4-6 lalikulu mano. Kukoma ndi zokometsera.
- "Chiyukireniya White Gulyaypolsky". Anthu otchuka kwambiri omwe sali owala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ponsepakati, komanso m'nyengo yozizira. Miyezi yolimba (masiku 100-120). Maonekedwe osakanizika a bulbu, mtundu wa siliva woyera, mazinyo ambiri, kulemera kwa 20-23 g. Kusungidwa mpaka kukolola kotere.
Mukudziwa? Garlic amatchulidwa m'mabuku oyambirira a Baibulo. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazo izo zinali kale zonunkhira zotchuka..
Pamene kudzala adyo m'nyengo yozizira ku Ukraine
Pofuna kukolola bwino, adyo ayenera kubzalidwa nthawi. Nthawi yolima iyenera kuwerengedwa kuti musanayambe dzuŵa mano adzika mizu, koma mulibe nthawi kuti muzitha kumera. Ndi mizu yokwanira yokhazikika adyo idzagonjetsa mosavuta ndipo sidzaimitsa ngakhale kutentha kwa -25 ° C. Kuti muchite izi, ziyenera kubzalidwa masiku 35-45 kusanayambe chisanu.
Samalani kutentha kwa nthaka: ziyenera kugwera + 10 ... + 12 ° С ndipo salinso. Apo ayi, omwe anabzala mano amatha kumera msanga, koma sadzapulumuka m'nyengo yozizira.
Chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa ndi dera, akatswiri amalangiza zotsatirazi nyengo yozizira kubzala nthawi:
- mapeto a September - kwa kumpoto kwa Ukraine;
- theka loyamba la Oktoba - kumadera akumidzi ndi kumadzulo;
- theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa October - kumadera akum'mwera ndi Transcarpathia.
Amaluwa ena amavomerezana pa kubzala masamba ndi kalendala ya mwezi. Monga momwe zimadziwira, Mwezi umakhudza osati kokha komanso kutuluka, komanso momwe zomera zimagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chodzala adyo ndi masamba, nthawi yoyenera ndi Kutsika kwa mwezi. Panthawi imeneyi, kuphuka kwa madzi pansi, komwe kumadzaza nthaka ndi zakudya. Mu 2018, masiku abwino obzala chisanu: September 4, 5, 12-15; October 11-13; November 8, 11, 16.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la mzinda wa America wa Chicago limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Indian monga "adyo wonyansa".
Kusankha malo okhala
Garlic amakonda dzuwa lambiri. Choncho, kuti asankhe malo otsegula bwino. Malo ophika ayenera kukhala opanda pake, opanda grooves. Apo ayi, iwo adzatunga madzi amvula, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko ndi matenda zifike patsogolo. Ngati munda uli ndi malo otsetsereka, ndiye kuti adyo amafesa bwino.
Dothi la adyo lisakhale lowawa. Ngati acidity ili pamwamba, ndiye kuti muyenera kupanga laimu. Pansi pa adyo, mchenga ndi loamy dothi ndi abwino, yabwino kwambiri chernozem.
Phunzirani zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka ndi acidity ya nthaka: kufunika kwa nthaka acidity kwa mbewu zosiyana siyana, momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity m'nthaka ndi kuchotsa nthaka pamalo.
Ndikofunikira kulingalira kuti ndi zikhalidwe ziti zomwe zinali zoyambirira kutsogolo.
Zabwino kwambiri ndi nkhaka, zukini, dzungu, biringanya, nyemba, kabichi ndi kolifulawa, radishes ndi mbewu. Pambuyo pake, dzikolo lidabadwanso kale ndi zinthu zothandiza. 
Simungathe kudzala adyo pambuyo pa mbewu zomwe zachedwa kuchedwa (mbatata, anyezi ndi adyo palokha). Amasiya nthaka yowonongeka, yomwe siidzakhala nayo nthawi yobzala musanadzalemo. Garlic ingangowonjezeredwanso muzaka 4-5.
Malo okonzekera
Kukonzekera malo adyo kumayamba ndi kukolola kale chikhalidwe. Izi ziyenera kuchitika pasanathe masiku 30-40 asanafesedwe, kuti dziko lapansi likhale ndi nthawi yopumula.
Gawo lotsatira la kukonzekera liyenera kuchitika masabata awiri musanafike. Malo osankhidwa ayenera kukumba ku kuya kwa masentimita 20-30, pamene achotsa mizu ya namsongole. Pambuyo pake, ndi zofunika kuti manyowa awonongeke. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza ndi organic mineral. Pazithunzi 1. M amatenga 5-10 makilogalamu a humus. Zikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi choko (2 tbsp), Ash (2 tbsp.), Superphosphate (1 tbsp L.) Ndi sulfate ya potaziyamu (2 tbsp L.). Ngati mutathirira nthaka ndi yankho (10%) la mkuwa wa sulfate, izi zidzatetezera matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Musanadzale adyo simungakhoze kubereketsedwa ndi manyowa atsopano. Idzachititsa matenda ndi kuvunda..
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera kubzala
Mtengo wa mbeu umadalira mtundu wonse wa mbeu. Choncho, muyenera kusankha mano okhaokha: wandiweyani, osasokonezeka komanso utoto. Masikelo otetezera ayenera kukhala ofewetsa bwino. Pamunsi pa anyezi ayenera kukhalanso opanda ming'alu. Ngati dzino limodzi liri ndi maonekedwe oipa, ndi bwino kukana anyezi wonse, chifukwa mano ena akhoza kutenga kachilomboka. Kuchokera ku adyo wathanzi muyenera kusankha zisudzo zazikuru ndi zabwino kwambiri. Mababu aakulu amapangidwa kuchokera ku lalikulu cloves. 
Zosankhidwa za kufesa ziyenera kukhala zowonongeka. Zosankha za disinfection:
- pinki yothetsera potassium permanganate (0.05-0.1%): zilowerere tsiku;
- yankho la mkuwa sulfate (1 tbsp pa chidebe cha madzi): achoke kwa maola 24;
- alangizi yothetsera (400 g ya phulusa pa 2 malita a madzi): wiritsani kwa mphindi 30, ozizira ndi kuchepetsa mano kwa maola awiri;
- Mphindi ziwiri akulowa mu mankhwala a saline (supuni 3 pa madzi malita asanu), kenako mpweya wotsekemera wa mankhwala mu mchere wa sulfate (1 tsp pa chidebe cha madzi).
Ndikofunikira! Musathamangire kutulutsa mano ang'onoang'ono. Ngati iwo abzalidwa pamalo othuthuka, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa mtengo, iwo adzakhala gwero lamoto wobiriwira masika ndi chilimwe..
Malamulo obwera
Mukadzala adyo, mfundo zofunika izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- mtunda wa pakati pa mizere ikhale 20-25 masentimita. Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kumasula nthaka ndikuchotsa namsongole;
- Mtunda pakati pa mano umasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwake. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimabzalidwa pambali pa masentimita 7 mpaka 10, ndipo masentimita 13-15 amasiyidwa pakati pa zikuluzikulu. Ndi makonzedwe ameneŵa, padzakhala malo okwanira kukula kwa mababu;
- Kufika kwa nthaka kumalinso kofunika. Zimakhudza kukula kwa makope oyendetsa. Kuya kwa grooves komwe kunapangidwiratu kumaphatikizapo kuchulukitsa msinkhu wa mano. Mwachitsanzo, ngati dzino liri lalikulu mamita 3 cm, ndiye kuti dothi liyenera kukhala osachepera 6 masentimita. Choncho mbeuyo iyenera kusankhidwa ndi kukula;
- Zofunika kwambiri ndi momwe mano amafesedwa mu grooves. Ayenera kuikidwa pamtunda, molimbikizika kwambiri kunthaka, koma osagwedezeka kwambiri. Ayenera kuumirizidwa kuti awawongoke iwo atagona. Kotero mutu udzakhazikitsidwa molondola.
Malangizo akukula adyo: kubzala ndi kusamalira kuthengo; n'chifukwa chiyani adyo amatembenukira chikasu (yozizira adyo mu kasupe), kukolola yozizira adyo.
Video: kubzala adyo mu kugwa ku Ukraine
Ntchito yotsatira
Titatha Mabedi ayenera "kutentha", kuti chifukwa cha chisanu chisatayike mbewu.
- Pambuyo pa kufesa, mizere iyenera kukhala yochuluka: ndi utuchi, peat, humus, singano kapena masamba a mitengo. Mndandanda wa "kutseka" koteroko ukhoza kukhala 2-10 cm.
- M'nyengo yozizira, akulangizidwa kuti aphimbe chigamba cha adyo ndi chisanu. Idzakhala ngati "bulangete" yowonjezera, komanso chitsime cha chinyezi pa kutentha kwa kasupe.
- Ambiri amaluwawa asanakhale mabedi ndi maburashi kuti asunge chisanu pa nyengo yozizira.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, palibe nthawi yopumula, monga adyo amafunika kudyetsedwa. Kutangotha kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, muyenera kumudyetsa: kwa mita imodzi imodzi. m kutenga 6 g wa ammonium nitrate, 9-10 g wa superphosphate ndi 5-6 g wa potaziyamu sulphate. Patapita mwezi, mukhoza kubwereza njirayi, ngati kuli kofunikira.
Masamba otsika a masamba a adyo amasonyeza kuti nthawi yokolola yayamba kale. Zima za adyo zimakololedwa mwezi usanakwane.
Video: kukula nyengo yozizira ku Ukraine
Kukula adyo kumafuna khama. Koma ngati mutachita zonse bwino komanso panthawi yake, ndiye kuti zonsezi zidzabwezeredwa ndi chidwi.
