Njira yayitali ya chisinthiko ndi sayansi-kupita patsogolo kwa munthu kunkayenda ndi mzanga wokhulupirika ndi womuthandiza - kavalo. Mpaka ku injini zotsika mtengo, alimi amagwiritsa ntchito nyama zothandiza izi. Lero tidzakhala tikukamba za mitundu yozizwitsa ya akavalo - wotchuka wa Soviet.
Mbiri yamabambo
M'masiku akale, m'madera a ku Russia, kumene nkhalango zambiri zimakumana ndi steppe, nthawi zonse kunali kufunsa kufunika kwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito poyendetsa nkhalango ndikulima minda yaulimi. Vuto kwa anthu okhala m'maderawa ndilo kavalo wosavuta, omwe anthu okhala kumpoto gubernias ayenera kukhala okhutira nawo, sangathe kupirira ntchito zofunikira chifukwa cha kusowa mphamvu ndi chipiriro. Pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wochepa wa kavalo wakulima komanso zosowa zazikulu za anthu a m'deralo, nthawi zonse ankakonda akavalo akuluakulu. 
Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1900, mahatchi akuluakulu ankagwira ntchito yotchedwa bityugs - mahatchi otchedwa Tambov omwe amatchulidwa pamtunda wa mtsinje, komanso ma hybrids a mahatchi awa ndi azaka. Koma kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, eni eni ndi amalonda, posankha kukhala mbali ya kumadzulo, adayamba kutumiza amaloli akuluakulu a ku Ulaya - Brabantons ndi odwala - ku Mordovia ndi Nizhny Novgorod gubernia, zomwe m'tsogolomu zinakhala zothandizira kupanga galimoto yatsopano ya Soviet.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito akavalo, mwamuna ndi mkazi.Kawirikawiri, gulu lalikulu la akavalo a Braban likhoza kuwonekera ku Russia, koma silinakhazikitsidwe bwino ndi dziko la Russia, linali ndi lamulo losasunthika, ndipo, malinga ndi alimi, anali ndi mawonekedwe osiyana. Chifukwa chake, adasankha kuwoloka amuna a Brabancons ndi mazonda am'deralo. Mbewu zapambukira izi sizinali zazikulu monga "abambo", koma anali ndi thupi lolimba kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Achikulire omwe ali ndi thanzi labwinoli akhoza kumasuka treni imodzi yolemera matani 15.Pa Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe, mahatchi a ku Ulaya sanadulitsidwire, ndipo gulu lalikulu la mafukowa linali pamapulasitiki a Pochinok ndi a Mordovia. Panthawiyi, kudutsa kosalamulirika pakati pa ziweto kunkachitika, ndipo pakati pa zaka makumi atatu ndi makumi asanu ndi zitatu za ana mazana asanu ndi atatu adatha kuyamba kubadwa omwe anali ndi zizindikiro zowonjezera za mtundu watsopano. Kuwonekera komweko kwa zizindikiro zakunja kunakhala maziko a ntchito yosankhira ndikukonzekera zochitika za nyama.
Koma chifukwa cha zochitika za nkhondo yachiŵiri ya padziko lonse, obereketsawo anatha kupanga mahatchi atsopano pokhapokha mu 1952 ndipo anazitcha kuti Soviet heavy truck. Mpaka zaka makumi asanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, mtunduwu unayesedwa bwino ndikuwongolera, ndipo ma stallion ndi mares adadziwonetsera m'masewera ambiri apadziko lonse ndi mpikisano. Koma pambuyo pa kugwa kwa USSR, ogulitsa katundu wa Soviet anayamba kuvutika nthawi zosangalatsa kwambiri: chiwerengero cha akazi a ku Mordovia ndi Nizhny Novgorod ziphuphu chinachepera pafupifupi 50%, kupititsa patsogolo mapulogalamu a ziweto kwa ana adasiya, chiwerengero cha ulamuliro chinaloledwa kuganiza za kutha kwa mtundu wonsewo.Ndizosangalatsanso kuwerenga za suti zabwino za akavalo.M'nthaŵi yathu ino, zinthu zasintha pang'ono, koma kusintha kumeneku kunangochitika kokha chifukwa kavalo wolemera ndi wofunika kwambiri m'mayiko a Ulaya mpaka lero. Amagula akuluakulu a galimoto ya Soviet heavy ndi omwe amapanga ulimi omwe akuda nkhaŵa za chilengedwe ndi chisamaliro chotsika mtengo. Polimbikitsidwa ndi mavuto ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali, alimi awa amakumbukiranso mahatchi awa. Mpaka pano, anthu ogulitsa Soviet heavy breeding akupitirizabe ku minda ya Mordovia ndi Nizhny Novgorod stud, komanso malo otukuka a Vologda ndi Kostroma a Russian Federation.
Kuwonekera kwa galimoto ya Soviet heavy
Maonekedwe a nyama yolemekezekayi ndi yamphamvu imanena momveka bwino za mphamvu ndi chipiriro chake. Mahatchi a mtundu uwu ndi aakulu kwambiri pa zoweta nyama m'dera la Russian Federation. Tiyeni tiphunzire mwatsatanetsatane za maonekedwe akunja a akavalo a mtundu uwu. 
Kunja
Chinthu choyamba chimene chimapatsa kavalo kugwira ntchito yake ndicho chifuwa chachikulu, cham'mbuyo ndi champhamvu. Tsitsi lamphamvu loperewera limakhala ndi mutu wausinkhu waukulu, ndi minofu yosaoneka bwino ya masaya ndi minofu yayikulu kwambiri, koma, ngakhale kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri, mawonekedwe amenewa amawoneka okongola komanso olemekezeka. Pali makutu owongoka pamutu, ali aang'ono, koma amasiyana mochepa, ngakhale pali oimira galimoto yaikulu yomwe imakhala ndi makutu ambiri.
Zowola sizitchuka makamaka pa nsomba zofewa, zochepa. Koma kumbuyo kwa kavaloyu kumafuna chidwi chenicheni, chifukwa mwa izo mungathe kuweruza momveka bwino mphamvu ndi chipiriro cha nyama iyi, chifukwa ndi yamphamvu, yayikulu ndipo imathera ndi kuzungulira kwakukulu, kothamanga, pang'ono.
Onani mitundu ya mahatchi: Vladimirskaya, Arabian, Shire, Orlovsky trotter, Frieze, Tinker, Falabella, Akhal-Teke ndi Appaloosa.Alimi amene amagwiritsa ntchito malori olemera chifukwa cha cholinga chawo, amakhala omasuka makamaka kumbuyo kwa kavalo, chifukwa amaweruzidwa ndi ntchito yake. Soviet heavyweight sichikhumudwitsa motere: kumtunda kwakukulu kumakhala ziuno zazikulu zamphongo ndi nsapato zazing'ono ndi agogo aakazi. Miyendo imatha ndi mapazi akulu ndi ziboda zazikulu za mawonekedwe abwino. Zitsulo zazikulu za mtundu uwu ndi izi: zofiira, zofiira, bulauni, bay ndi bay-roan. Nthaŵi zambiri, palinso oimira wakuda, koma izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Kukula
Ngati tilankhula za kukhumudwa, ndi bwino kulingalira kusiyana pakati pa akavalo ndi mares. Kulemera kwake kwa munthu wamkulu wamkulu ndiko pafupifupi makilogalamu 900, pamene mare wamkulu amakhala 700 kg. Kukula kwa mtundu uwu ndi lingaliro losinthika, zazikazi zimakhala zochepa pang'ono kuposa akavalo, koma kutalika kwake kumasiyanasiyana ndi 1.5 kufika 1.7 mamita.
Makhalidwe a khalidwe
Kuchokera kwa makolo awo, a Belgium - Brabancons - magalimoto olemera kwambiri a Soviet analandira ukali ndi bata. Amamvera mwamtendere pamene akugwira ntchito, musasonyeze zachiwawa popanda chifukwa chomveka.
Werengani za mahatchi amphamvu, okwera ndi okwera pamahatchi.
Kodi ndi zochepa bwanji zolemera za Soviet
Ngati mutenga kavalo wokwanira, ndiye kuti mumupatse buku la mibadwo. Mtengo wa kavalo ungasiyane malinga ndi kuyera kwa magazi, malo olima, zaka ndi kugonana, komanso ubwino wake. 
Ndikofunikira! Musanagule nyamayi, onetsetsani kuti wogulitsa ali wodalirika, onetsetsani kuti mufunse zambiri zokhudza katemera wa zinyama, komanso zolemba zamatenda pa thanzi lonse la kavalo.Mtengo wa mbidzi umodzi uli pafupi madola 1250 US, pamene mwanayo amakula mpaka chaka chimodzi kapena chimodzi ndi theka, mtengo wake uli kale 1875 US $. Munthu wamkulu akhoza kukuwononga $ 2500-3125.
Kusamalira ndi kukonza mahatchi
Kuti nyamayo ikhale yabwino, m'pofunika kupanga zofunikira pa izi.
Zinthu zomwe zilipo
Soviet draft draft horse si akavalo wovuta kwambiri, koma makamaka amafunikira malo okwanira, gawo loyenda ndi laulere, madzi oyeretsedwa ndi kudya kolimba. Pofuna kusamalira thanzi labwino ndi chinyama, mwiniwakeyo ayenera kudya zakudya zoyenera kuti asunge mphamvu ndi mphamvu za kavalo. M'pofunikanso kuyendetsa galimoto yaikulu pambuyo patsiku lotanganidwa kuti pasakhalepo kuvulala ndi matenda. 
Ndikofunikira! He Izi ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa moyo wa kavalo wa veterinarian - dokotala ayenera kuchita katemera wa chizoloŵezi, komanso kufufuza koyenera kwa nyama kamodzi pachaka.Ndiyenso kuyang'anira ukhondo wa kavalo. Musaiwale kuyeretsa mphuno za akavalo pambuyo pa ntchito kapena ntchito zina, komanso kusamba ziboda za mahatchi ndi phula kuti lisatope chifukwa cha kutopa. Kusamala ndi kufuna tsitsi la akavalo: mane ndi mchira kusamba kawiri pa sabata pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino. Pambuyo pouma tsitsi, muyenera kuthira ndi burashi kuchokera ku zipangizo zachilengedwe.
Zochita Zamagetsi
Mahatchi amafunika kudya nthawi zonse, omwe ali ndi udzu wouma komanso watsopano, komanso mbewu zokolola. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kupereka kavalo, mbewu, musaiwale za madzi. Kukula koyenera, kamwana kakang'ono kamayenera kudyetsedwa ndi vitamini complexes. Monga chilimbikitso ndi zokoma, mungapatse nyama zamasamba, shuga, kaloti yaiwisi ndi mbatata. 
Kubereka kuswana
Zizindikiro za kulera za mtundu uwu ndi 75%. Pofuna kubereka mazira amatha kufikira atakwanitsa zaka 16-17, ngakhale kuti mahatchi a mtundu uwu amabweretsa ana ali ndi zaka 20. Mahatchi a Soviet amalemedwa m'malo mwa mahatchi oyambirira; nthawi yamadyerero, anyamata amapeza 2 kg tsiku lililonse, ndipo pakadutsa miyezi 6, kulemera kwawo kumakhala kufika pa theka la tani. Kwa ntchito, achinyamata adakopeka kuyambira ali ndi zaka 2.5, ndipo kubereka kwagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira zaka zitatu. Chikhalidwe cha mtundu umenewu ndi ma mkaka ambiri.
Mukudziwa? Mbiri ya mkaka wa mkaka wa akavalo inali 6137 malita.Mkaka wa mkaka ndi 3000 malita pa nthawi ya lactation. Mitundu ya galimoto ya Soviet heavy imatha kukhala ngati chuma cha dziko la Russia. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zaulimi kungathandize kusunga zinyama izi, kuphatikizapo ntchito za minda ya akavalo. Kufunika kwa mahatchi amenewa kulipo masiku ano, chifukwa mbali zina za ulimi zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mahatchi.
