Mbalame yobereketsa ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri. Ndikokwanira kuwerengera encyclopedia iliyonse, ndipo zidzatsimikizirika kuti kupanga zinthu zabwino kwa ziweto si zophweka. Ngati matenda amathanso kusokoneza nkhaniyo, alimi amatha kumvetsa chisoni. Matenda a Newcastle, omwe adzakambirane, ndiwo kachilombo koopsa kwambiri kamene kamakhudza nkhuku.
Zimayambitsa matenda
Matenda a chideru ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a tizilombo kamene kamayambitsa zizindikiro za thupi laumphawi. Amadziwikanso pansi pa mayina a mliri wa Asia, pneumoencephalitis, ndi zina. Gwero la matendawa ndi mbalame yodwala, komanso mbalame ya matenda.
Zomalizirazi zimapangitsa chilengedwe kukhala ndi zinthu zofunikira, mazira komanso kupuma. Kufalikira kwa kachilombo komweku kungakhale munthu, ndi ziweto, ndi makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale tizilombo.
Mukudziwa? Mavairasi sali azinthu zamoyo, chifukwa alibe maselo, koma sangathe kutchedwa akufa - ali ndi majini ndipo amatha kuberekana.Amapatsirana kudzera mumlengalenga, ndi malo akuluakulu ogawa - mpaka 10 km. Nyenyezi imatenganso kachilombo kawombola, kafukufuku, zovala ndi nsapato za mlimi wa nkhuku, malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mawonekedwe a mpweya wabwino.
Vutoli ndilo banja la Paramyxoviridae. Izi ndi tizilombo ta RNA pafupifupi 150 nm kukula. Amakhala ndi hemagglutinin, michere (mwachitsanzo, polymerase), lipids, chakudya. Kachilombo kameneka sikalolera chloroform, kutentha ndi ether.
Mawonekedwe a kachilombo
Vutoli liri ndi kusiyana kwakukulu ndi zotsatira zosiyana za zotsatira. Pali mavuto omwe aliwonse, ngakhale osatemera katemera, koma mbalame yathanzi idzasuntha popanda zotsatira, ndipo pali zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa anthu onse.
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi zofunikira zokhudzana ndi nkhuku zotere monga Foxy Chick, Bielefelder, Kuban Red, Golosheyky, Hayseks, Hubbard, Amroks, Maran, Master Gray, Great "Lohman Brown", "Redbro", "Viandot", "Sussex", "Faverol", "Rhode Island", "Minorca", "White Russian", "Kuchinsky Jubilee", "Zagorsky Salmon nkhuku".
Fomu ya mliri
Mtundu wovuta wa matenda a tizilombo omwe amachititsa imfa ya gawo lalikulu la famu ya mbalame. Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo kutsokomola ndi kupuma kovuta, conjunctivitis. 
Foyle mawonekedwe
Fomu iyi imakhala yovuta kwambiri ndi mbalame: kusowa kwa njala, mitsempha ya minofu, kufooka, zovuta zovuta za uchimo wamphongo (kusungunuka kwa ntchentche), kutsekula m'mimba ndi magazi osaphatikizapo. Nyama nthawi zambiri imakhala khungu, kufooka kwa miyendo.
Mawonekedwe a Bodetta
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu yapitayi, iyi siili ndi kupweteka kotere: magawo awiri mwa atatu a anthu amakhalabe. Koma nkhuku zazing'ono zimadwala kwambiri kuposa achikulire ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafa pambuyo powonongeka kwambiri dongosolo la manjenje. Fomu iyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga katemera wamoyo.
Fomu ya Hitchner
Kuphweka (kofanana ndi ena onse) kupsyinjika. Mbalameyi imasiya kudya, imakhala yochepa, imachepetsanso ntchito yonse. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake, ndi mtundu uwu wa kachilombo koyambitsa matenda ambiri. 
Ndani akukhudzidwa
Mbalame zonse zakutchire ndi zakutchire zimadwala matendawa. Njira ya matendawa imadalira mtundu ndi zaka. Nkhuku ndi nkhuku zimadwala ndi pneumoencephalitis nthawi zambiri ndipo zimakhala zazikulu kuposa abakha ndi atsekwe. Mwamuna samapezeka kachilombo ka HIV, koma ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Zotsatira za matendawa kwa anthu
Kwa akuluakulu, matendawa si owopsa. Koma ndizotheka kutenga kachirombo ka HIV - chifukwa chopezeka ndi mbalame yodwalayo, chifukwa kachilombo ka HIV kamapezeka m'mlengalenga. Chizoloŵezi chodula maso ndi manja onyenga chingathenso kusewera nthabwala. Nthawi yosakaniza munthu ndi sabata.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti muwerenge chifukwa chake nkhuku zimatulutsa mazira, ubwino ndi chiopsezo zotani nkhuku sizikhala bwino, chifukwa nkhuku sizigwira bwino, komanso chifukwa chake nkhuku zimanyamula mazira ang'onoang'ono.
Zizindikiro zimakhala zofanana ndi zizindikiro zoyamba za chimfine: zofooka, malungo, mphuno. Conjunctivitis kapena kutsekula m'mimba n'kotheka. Njira zothandizira ndizochapa ndi kusamba manja mukatha kugwira ntchito panyumba, osati kugwiritsa ntchito mazira oyipa, kuvala chigoba pa nthawi ya katemera. 
Ndikofunikira! Vutoli ndi loopsa kwa ana! Ngakhale kuti matendawa ndi osowa, mwamphamvu kwambiri, kachilombo ka HIV kangayambitse ubongo m'mwana.
Pitani pa mbalame zina
Atsekwe, mosiyana ndi nkhuku, ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri. Komabe, amathandizanso katemera, makamaka kuyambira atsekwe amanyamula kachilombo ka HIV ndi opambana kwambiri. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi abakha.
Choncho, iwo amatetezedwa kuti asamayanjane ndi achibale awo zakutchire ndi makoswe. Mitundu ya mitsempha imakumana ndi mliri woopsa, umamva ululu woopsa ndi kufa m'masiku owerengeka chabe. Matenda a Newcastle amakhudza mbalame zokongola.
Mwachitsanzo, ziphuphu zimadwala komanso ziwalo. Mpheta ndi nkhunda zimatha kuwona kuyenda kosagwirizana, kusawonongeka, kusokonezeka. Mbalame sizingakhoze kudya ndipo imangomwalira chifukwa cha kutopa ndi kupunduka pang'ono. 
Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo
Kuzindikira kumathandiza kuti pasakhale matenda, zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi mapiritsi. Mwachitsanzo, typhus, kolera, kapena mliri weniweni. Matendawa amatengedwa poganizira chithunzi cha matendawa, komanso kuyesedwa kwa ma laboratory pofuna kuyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV ndikuzindikira kuopsa kwa matendawa. Kafukufuku amaganizira ubongo, ziwalo za kupuma, chiwindi.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha za nkhuku za dzira ndi mitundu ya nyama.
Zizindikiro ndi kufotokozera za matendawa
Dzina lina la matenda a Newcastle ndizolakwika. Nthaŵi zambiri, imapitirira mofulumira, mu mawonekedwe ovuta, komanso imafalikira mofulumira, kuchititsa mbalame yaikulu kufa.
Matendawa ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati mbalame yalandira katemera woyenera, koma ili ndi chitetezo chofooka, ndiye kuti munthu ameneyo ndiye matendawa, osatchulidwa. 
Mukudziwa? Analandira dzina lake loyambirira la malingaliro okhudzana ndi mliri woyamba mu 1926 mumzinda wa Newcastle, England.
Nthawi ya chitukuko cha matenda (makulitsidwe) amayambira masiku atatu mpaka sabata, nthawi zambiri, kawiri nthawi yaitali.
Chithunzi cha kuchipatala chimadalira zinthu zambiri:
- zaka za munthu wodwalayo;
- mkhalidwe umene mbalameyo ili nayo;
- mtundu wa kachilombo.
Zizindikiro zambiri za matendawa zimakhala zopanda tsankho komanso zowonongeka, mwa kutentha kwa thupi (mpaka 44 ° C), kuvutika maganizo, kulephera kupuma, opacities zamakono. Nthawi zonse kusonkhanitsa kwa ntchentche mumlomo kumakhala koonekera ngakhale kumbali. Ndi njira yofulumira kwambiri ya matenda, zizindikiro sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti ziwonekere, mbalame imaphedwa mwadzidzidzi. 
Zizindikiro za mtundu wodwala wa matendawa:
- kutsokomola, kunjenjemera;
- kupuma kupyola mumlomo wamlomo;
- madzi obiriwira (nthawi zina ndi magazi);
- Kufa kwa miyendo, khosi, ndi mapiko;
- khalidwe losavomerezeka (kuyenda m'magulu, kusokoneza, etc.).
Ndili ndi matendawa, amatha sabata yokha kuti munthu amene akukhudzidwayo aphedwe chifukwa cha kutopa kwakukulu komanso kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo lachitsekemera. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Asia omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu.
Zizindikiro za pseudocnomas zosatha:
- kusokoneza;
- kunjenjemera, kunjenjemera;
- Kufa kwa miyendo, mapiko;
- kutaya;
- kupotoza khosi.
Njira zochotsera matendawa
Mwamwayi, ngakhale mbiri ya zaka zoposa 100 za matendawa, chithandizo cha mliri wa Asia sichingatheke. Zonse zomwe ziri mu mphamvu ya mbalame iliyonse yowonongeka ndikuteteza kuti kachilombo kafalikire. Choncho, njira zowonongeka zonse zikuchitika, zomwe zidzakambidwe pansipa.
Kusokonekera kwachuma
Pseudoencephalitis imayambitsa mavuto aakulu ndipo nthawi zina sangawonongeke ku nkhuku za nkhuku. Kuonjezera apo, mwini mundayo ayenera kulipira ndalama zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi kachilomboka komanso chithandizo chamagulu, komanso katemera, omwe ndi ndalama zambiri kwa minda yaing'ono.
Kupewa
Aliyense amadziwa kuti matenda ndi bwino kupewa kuposa kuchiza. Choncho, pa minda ya nkhuku, mbalame zonse zimapatsidwa katemera woyenera. 
Kuchepetsa nkhuku ndi nyumba zonse zapakhomo kumachitika kawiri pachaka. Zimadziwika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (2%) ndi njira ya bleach (3%).
Ndikofunikira! Zipangizo zamagetsi zimatha kuchotsa chlorine kapena alkali, choncho zimayambitsidwa ndi njira yamadzi.
Famuyo iyenera kukhala yotsekedwa, ndipo kuloledwa kumaloledwa kwa antchito okha. Ndikofunika kutenga njira zothandizira kutuluka kwa mazira, nkhuku, zipangizo, chakudya, zogona. Ngati famu yavutika ndi mliri, kusungulumwa kumakhala kwa mwezi umodzi ngakhale ataphedwa mbalame yodwala ndi matenda operewera.
Pofuna kuteteza kufalikira kwa matendawa, mbalame ndi mazira zimawonongedwa pambuyo pophedwa. Kutsika ndi nthenga kuchokera ku mbalame zodwala, komanso kwa omwe akuganiza kuti ali ndi kachilombo, amatenthedwa. Mitembo ndi "okayikira" akhoza kuwiritsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zosowa zapakhomo.
Zochita zonyansa
Kuti afotokoze mwachidule, njira zowonongeka ndizo katemera wa mbalame zowonongeka, kuperewera kwa magazi ndi kupha mbalame zodwala. Pamakhala katemera. 
Katemera wa ziweto
Kugwiritsira ntchito katemera kumadalira malo omwe famu ya nkhuku ilipo, popeza maderawa agawanika kukhala opindula ndi osagwirizana ndi matenda a chideru.
Osauka kwambiri ndi mbali ya kumwera kwa Russia ndi North Caucasus. Popeza nthawi ya katemera mbalame imafunika kuchulukitsa chitetezo, yesetsani kuwonjezera mavitamini A, B (gulu lonse) ndi D ku zakudya.
Mitundu ya katemera
Kusankhidwa bwino kwa matendawa kumathandiza kupeza katemera woyenera.
Phunzirani zambiri za kuchiza nkhuku monga pasteurellosis ndi colibacillosis.
Inactivated
Katemerayu amachitidwa kuti ndi otetezeka kwambiri pa nkhuku. Ndikofunika kuti mutenge katemera wamoyo ndi osachiritsidwa ngati ndizofunika zowononga, ndiko kuwonjezeka kwa chitetezo chamthupi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Video: Katemera wa nkhuku Komanso, ngati kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamene kamakhala kamene kakufala pa famu ya nkhuku, ndipo kachilomboka kamene kamapezeka ndi 1: 1024, kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wamoyo sikungateteze mbalame kuchokera kumtunda, ngakhale katemera nthawi zambiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, anapiye a nkhuku amatha katemera (panthawi imodzi yobereka), ndiyeno mukhoza kupitiriza kupewa matenda a chideru ndi katemera wamoyo. Ku Russia, kuyambira nthawi za Soviet, ndi mwambo kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wosatetezedwa.
Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mbalameyo imatha kufika masiku 120. Chitetezo cha m'thupi chimapitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Makampani opanga mankhwala omwe amachititsa katemera, tsopano akupereka zambiri, mwamsanga kuchokera ku mavairasi angapo.
Mtengo wa katemera wotero ndi emulsion ya jekeseni. Panthawi yosungirako, kupota kumaloledwa, komwe kumathetsedwa mosavuta ndi kupukuta botolo. 
Kukhala ndi moyo mwachibadwa Katemerayu ali ndi madzi omwe amapezeka ku mazira omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda (Matenda a La Sota, Bor-74, H, ndi zina zotero), komanso mkaka wokometsetsa kapena peptone ngati chinyezi.
Madziwo amapezeka motere: kuyimitsidwa kumakonzedwa kuchokera ku ziwalo za mbalame yakufa, imene, motsogoleredwa ndi akatswiri, imayambitsa mazira a nkhuku zisanu ndi zinayi; ndiye mazira awa, atayesedwa mayeso onse, amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera katemera.
Dziwani kuti mazira omwe anafa mkati mwa maola 96 amachotsedwa ndipo amakhala okha, atakhazikika mpaka madigiri 4. Fomu ya mlingo - mapiritsi omwe amadzipukutira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira kapena kuika mbalame.
Ubwino wa katemera uwu ndi wakuti umapereka zotsatira mofulumira. Koma nthawi yachitapo chake ndi yotsika - miyezi ingapo chabe. Zaka za katemera, komanso momwe zimakhalira zimadalira wopanga mankhwala ndipo nthawi zonse zimasonyezedwa m'mawu omveka bwino. 
Malo opangira zinthu zofooka anafooka Katemera uwu si wosiyana kwambiri ndi wapitawo, kupatula kuti kufooketsa kwa vutoli kumachitika mu labotale, osati ndi zovuta zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matenda a mazira ndi zotsatira zawo.
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe mungaganizire ndi reactogenicity ya katemera wamoyo. Nyama ikhoza kupeza matenda opuma, kutulutsa kwake kungachepetse. Choncho, kumanga zakudya zowonjezera n'kofunikira.
Katemera wa katemera
Pamene katemera ndi wofunika kwambiri kutsatira ndondomekoyi, komanso ndondomeko zina. Mwachitsanzo:
- Simungagwiritse ntchito katemera omwe ali ndi mavuto "B1", "C2", "VH", ngati tikukamba za nkhuku, omwe ndi okalamba okha. Katemerawa amalepheretsa chitukuko chawo komanso ana awo.
- Katemera wothandizira "Clone-30" umagwiritsidwa ntchito payekha, mwachitsanzo, kwa phiri kapena mbalame yokongola. Mu famu sizothandiza.
- Matenda otchuka kwambiri pa ulimi ndi La Sota ndi Bor-74.
- Malangizowo nthawi zonse amadziwika bwino, sayenera kusintha kapena kusweka.
Ndikofunikira! Ku Ulaya, mosiyana ndi maiko a CIS, vuto la La Sota siligwiritsidwanso ntchito chifukwa chapamwamba kwambiri.Katemera umapangidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupititsa munthu m'mphuno kapena maso, komanso kuthirira (pa matenda a mbalame zambiri).
Momwe mungakankhire mkati
- Mu botolo lokhala ndi katemera kutsanulira saline pa mlingo wa 0,1 makilogalamu. masentimita 1 masentimita.
- Njira yothetsera vutoli imalowetsedwa ndipo imalowetsedwa m'mphuno malinga ndi ndondomekoyi: chimbudzi chimodzi chatsekedwa, mu madontho awiri achiwiri.
- Ngati simungathe kupukuta mphuno, maso akudontha.
Momwe mungamwe
- Yerengani kuchuluka kwa momwe mbalame imodzi imamwa madzi kwa ola limodzi ndi hafu, ndipo pangani mlingo 10 wa mankhwala osakaniza intranasal kwa bukuli (funsani malangizo).
- Musanayambe kuthirira ndikofunika kuti muime ndi kuti musadyetse mbalame (3 maola ndi okwanira kuti mitundu ya nyama ikhale yochepa, nthawi ya nkhuku ziwiri).
- Thirani yankho kutentha kutentha kuti azitsuka bwino (mkaka wokometsetsa ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa bwino kupasuka mankhwala).
- Lolani mbalame kwa omwa.
- Musanapereke madzi osakanikirana, khalani maola angapo mutemera katemera.
Momwe mungayambitsire katemera pa anapiye
Kupopera mbewu kwa anapiye a masiku ano kumachitika motere:
- Zimathetsa mpweya wabwino.
- Nkhuku zimabzalidwa mabokosi kapena m'misasa apadera.
- Katemera umachepetsedwa pamtingo wa mlingo wa 1000 pa 200 ml ya madzi kutentha (funsani malangizo).
- Kuunikira sikung'ono.
- Njira yothetserayi imatsanulidwira muzitsulo zapadera, ngati nyumba, kapena muzitsulo zina zilizonse zopanda kanthu, ngati mabokosi.
- Kupopera mankhwala omwe amapangidwa pamwamba pa anapiye kuchokera kutalika kwa masentimita 40.
Muyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za mtundu wabwino wa nkhuku zowonongeka, za malamulo omwe akusungirako, komanso momwe angapangire chisa ndi kubzala nkhuku, momwe angapangire zigawo, zomwe zingawathandize kuti azidyetsa, ndi mavitamini ati omwe amafunikira kuti apeze nkhuku.
Mulimonse mmene zilili ndi matenda a tizilombo, ndibwino kuti tipewe njira zowonongolera ndikuzisunga bwino. Musaiwale katemera mbalame pogwiritsa ntchito njira zothandiza. Ngati mliriwu sunayambe wadutsa famu yanu, musataye mtima, tsatirani malangizo ndikuyesa zofunikira zoyenera ma laboratory. 
Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti
