Mitengo yosiyana imakhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimapindulitsa kwa anthu, ndipo ngati zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokha zophikira kapena zokongoletsera, ena akhoza kutumikira tsiku ndi tsiku. Zomalizazi zimaphatikizapo loofah, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndibwino kwambiri popanga sponge.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Lyufa ndi woimira zomera za liana, ndipo amawombera mpaka mamita 4-7 m'litali. Zonsezi zakhala zikuphatikiza ziphuphu komanso zozungulira. Masamba - palmate-five-lobed (nthawi zina amatha) ndipo amakonza zina.
Patsambala, mapepala a tsamba amafanana ndi mtima wokhala ndi mamita 15-27 masentimita ndi mano omwe ali pambali. Zonsezi zimamasuka kwambiri chinyezi, kotero chomera chimafuna nthawi zonse kuthirira.
Wokongola lalikulu loofah maluwa - monoecious, dioecious, utoto woyera kapena chikasu.
Mitundu yambiri imasonkhanitsidwa mu racemes, pamene mitundu ya pistillate imadziwika ndi njira imodzi. Maluwa amatha kuwonetsedwa kuyambira June. 
Zipatso zobiriwira zobiriwirazo zimafanana ndi "nkhaka" zomwe zimakhala zozungulira, zomwe kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50, ndi mamita 7-12 masentimita. Zitangoyamba kucha, zimayamba kuuma, ndipo mafinya opangidwa ndi sclerenchymal amayamba mwa iwo.
Mbewu za "nkhaka" zoterozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovoid ndi malire akumalire. Mbewu ya kutalika imatha kufika ku 1.2 masentimita. Kukwera kwathunthu kwa zipatso kumadziwika kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Mphepete mwa mipesa ndi yofooka ndipo ili pamtunda wa nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Mbewu yomwe imalongosola ili ndi mayina ambiri okondweretsa ndipo, kuwonjezera pa "loofah", mpesa umatchedwa chotchedwa Vietnamese, nkhumba ya ku China, dzungu la umidzi komanso ngakhale nkhaka zakupha.
Mitundu
Masiku ano, pali mitundu makumi asanu ya loofah, komabe, ndi ziwiri zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polima m'munda: ostrorebristaya ndi cylindrical.
Spiky
Mitunduyi imaimiridwa ndi liana ya pachaka, yomwe imakhala yaitali mamita 3-6. Mitsempha ya Pentahedral imakhala pamphepete mwa nthiti ndipo imayikidwa ku chithandizo mothandizidwa ndi nthambi za nthambi.
Mapepala amafika pamtunda wa masentimita 20, nthawi zambiri amakhala 5-7-malasha kapena amagawidwa m'magawo angapo osiyana.
Kukhazikika kwa masamba ku phesi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito petioles yaitali - pafupifupi 8-12 cm aliyense.
Maluwa onse a chomera ndi amtundu wapakati paokha ndipo akhoza kukhala ndi masentimita awiri a masentimita awiri otumbululuka. Mitundu ya stamen imapanga ma racemes, 17-20 aliwonse, ndipo pistillate ali okhaokha ndipo ali m'magulu ofanana ndi masamba.
Zipatso za ostrekobristoy loofah ali ndi chibonga chowoneka mawonekedwe ndi kufika theka la mita yaitali, ndi awiri a 6-10 masentimita. 
Kukoma kwa zitsanzo zazing'ono zikufanana ndi nkhaka, kupatula kuti thupi ndi lokoma. Zipatso zikangokhala zouma, siziyeneranso kudya, koma pansi pa peyala pamakhalabe siponji yokhazikika yomwe imapangidwa ndi matabwa opangira.
Mbewu mkati mwawo ndi yofanana ndi dzira ndikufika mamita sentimita kutalika. Mu chipatso chokoma, iwo ali achikasu-chakuda kapena opangidwa ndi utoto wakuda.
Werengani momwe mungakwerere loofah ku mbewu.
Ostreobreistaya loofah wakula kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nkhaka zazing'ono kuti azidya zakudya, makamaka, pokonza ma curries. Zipatso sizili zoyenera kudya, chifukwa zimapweteka kwambiri.
Pophika, mbali zina za zomera zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito: masamba, masamba, mphukira, ngakhale maluwa, ndi zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti mupeze chakudya chokoma ndicho kungowatentha kapena kudzaza mafuta.
Chimake
Chomera chotchedwa loofah chimakhala chomera chimodzimodzi, koma kutalika kwake kumatalika mpaka mamita 9. Maluwa okongola amakhala aakulu monga iwo aliri, ndipo "nkhaka" zosaphika ndizofunikira kwambiri mbale zambiri. 
M'kupita kwa nthawi, amafika pamtunda wa 60-75 masentimita, omwe amakhala oposa awiri oposa ostrorebristoy. Kachilombo kameneka pamtengowo kamakhala kasupe, amatha kuchotsedwa ndikuyamba kuyesa, kuchotsa zamkati.
Ndikofunikira! Yesetsani kuti musagonje pa loofah pa tchire, chifukwa zowuma zouma zidzakhala zoipitsitsa kwambiri.
Mitengo yambiri ya "nkhaka yamisala" ndi yabwino kwambiri popanga nsalu, ngakhale kuti zomera sizitsutsa zomera: Kuwonjezera pa zipatso zokha, masamba olemera a carotene amagwiritsidwa ntchito (zomwe zili ndi masamba oposa 1.5 kuposa zamtundu wotchuka monga karoti ndi okoma Tsabola wa ku Bulgaria).
Zothandiza
Mofanana ndi zomera zina zambiri, loofah sichinazindikiridwe ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka, koma ntchito yake idzakhala yoyenera pazochitika zingapo.
Monga tanenera kumene, pali mchere mu zipatso zomwe zimathandiza thupi laumunthu, kuphatikizapo zomwe ziyenera kuwonetsa zofunikira monga pirinspenoids, pectins ndi carotene.
Msuzi "nkhaka" amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza conjunctivitis ndi mavuto ena a dermatological, makamaka ogwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta a khungu.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zipatso zazing'ono komanso ovary wa dzungu la Vietnamese zidzakhala zothandiza pochiza matenda a kuchepa kwa magazi, kupuma kwa matenda, kapena kungoti thupi likhale lolimba. 
Madzi a Loofah ndiwopangidwa bwino kwambiri popanga mankhwala a matenda omwe amaphatikizira mavitamini kapena kupatsirana ndi matenda a mitsempha. Madchikoma a gruel amathandiza kuthetsa kutsokomola ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi, komwe kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ochiritsa a Kummawa.
Pezani zomwe zimakhala masamba a masamba ndi zomwe zimathandiza.
Kuonjezerapo, masamba ochepa adzakhala othandizira amayi okalamba, chifukwa amathandizira kuwonjezera mkaka. Mndandanda wothandiza uwu ukhoza kupitilira kwa nthawi yaitali, koma zikuonekeratu kuti loofah ndiwotheka kwambiri masamba.
Kukula
Ngakhale kuti ambiri wamaluwa amalankhula zenizeni za kukula loofah, izo zingabzalidwe pafupifupi iliyonse ziwembu, zonse zotseguka nthaka ndi wowonjezera kutentha. 
Kubzala pamalo otseguka
Akubwera "nkhaka zakupha" nthawi yomweyo kumalo otseguka, makamaka omwe amakhala ndi anthu okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, kumene chilimwe chimakhala chotentha ndipo nthaka ikuwomba mwamsanga.
Werengani zambiri za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka, feteleza machitidwe awo, komanso phunzirani momwe mungathandizire kubereka kwa nthaka.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, mu nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kudzala chomera mmera, makamaka ngati mukuyembekeza kuti mutenge nsalu zazikulu. Zaka za mbande pa nthawi yosamukira kumalo osatha a kukula siziyenera kukhala masiku osachepera 30-40.
Mulimonsemo, ziribe kanthu ngati mubzala mbewu nthawi yomweyo m'mabedi okonzeka, kapena mudzafesa mbewu mu bokosi, gawo lokonzekera pazochitika zonsezi lidutsa njira yomweyo:
- Tikuyang'ana mbewu zabwino.
- Timawawotcha sabata pa betri kapena dzuwa lachindunji (chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kutentha kumakhala pafupifupi +40 ° C).
- Lembani madzi a solution aloe (kuchepetsedwa 1: 1 ndi madzi) kuti mutsegule ndi kuyambitsa kukula kwa ntchito.
- Timabzala m'nthaka (pabedi kapena mabokosi).
Mbewu za loofah Ngati mwasankha kukula mbande, kenaka mudzaze zitsulozo ndi nthaka yowonongeka, ndipo mukulitse mbeu za loofah mu gawo 2 cm.Ndikofunikira! Chomeracho sichimalola kuika, kotero, kupeŵa mavuto osafunikira, akatswiri amalangiza mbeu kubzala miphika kapena pepala lina lililonse lopangidwa ndi zinthu zokwana 6-7 masentimita. Kawirikawiri, njira yobzala mbewu imapezeka mu April.
Kuyika mbeu mu gawo lapansi ndikuzaza ndi dothi, limangokhala kuthira ndi madzi, komanso kumaphimba (kapena miphika) ndi pulasitiki, malo otentha, kuyembekezera maonekedwe a majeremusi amphamvu.
Mawindo awindo pamwamba pa batri kapena kutentha kwa nyumba adzakhala malo abwino kwambiri kuti apange mbande, chifukwa momwe zizindikiro za kutentha kwa mbewu zimamerekera ndipo kukula kwake kukuyambira pa 28 ° + 30 ° C.
Mphukira zoyamba zimawoneka pambuyo pa masiku 6-8 mutabzala, ndipo izi zikadzachitika, muyenera kusuntha zitsambazo ndi zomera zazing'ono ku chipinda choziziritsa, kutentha kutadutsa +20 ° C. 
Magulu onse akamalimbikitsidwa, filimuyi imachotsedwa ndipo mbande imatsanulira ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein, kuchepetsedwa m'madzi mwa chiŵerengero cha 1:10. Izi zakudya zamadzimadzi zidzakulitsa kukula kwa loofah, ndipo pamene 6 woona masamba adzawoneke, adzafunika kumangirizidwa ku chithandizo.
Mitengo yaing'ono imabzalidwa padera pokhapokha kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwakhazikika pa +13 ° C. Kuyika kwa mbande kumachitika ngakhale m'mizere, ndi mtunda wokwanira (1 mamita). Chofunikira ichi chiyenera kutsatiridwa, chifukwa cha kukula kwa masamba a mipesa.
Werengani momwe mungakonzekerere nthaka ya mbande, momwe mungasankhire chophimba choyenera, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito kubwezeretsako kwa mbande kunyumba, bwanji mutenge mbande, komanso ngati mugula makaseti a mbewu.
Mukamabzala mbeu nthawi yomweyo mu nthaka yotseguka (yoyenera kulima loofah chifukwa chazakudya), muyenera kukonzekera mitsuko yokwanira 30x30 cm ndi 25 masentimita akuya, theka ladzaza ndi ndowe yamphongo yothira nthaka. Muzisakaniza ndikuyika mbeu, kuwaza ndi nthaka yotsalayo.
Njira ya mmera imapindula kwambiri kuposa mbeu imodzi, chifukwa chakuti mutayika mafafitawo pasanapite miphika, simungotenge kanthawi kochepa, komanso kukolola kwambiri.
Kusankha malo
Kusankha malo pamtunda kuti mukhale ndi nkhaka zachilendo, muyenera kumangoyang'anitsitsa bwino ndi kutetezedwa kumadera a mphepo ndi nthaka yachonde ndi tebulo lakuya pansi pake.
The loofah amasangalala kwambiri ndi dzuwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusowa kwa dzuwa kumayambitsa kuchepa kwazomera komanso kuchepa kochepa. 
Chisamaliro
Kusamalira zomera zomwe anabzala sikovuta kwambiri, ndipo mudzafunikila kuchita zochepa zokhazokha:
- kuthirira - 1-2 pa sabata;
- Kutsegula - maola angapo mutatha kuthirira;
- kuchotsa udzu - poyeretsa.
Chimodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha mabedi a m'munda ndicho kupewa ndi kuchotsa namsongole. Phunzirani zambiri za magulu a namsongole, ndi momwe angagwirire ndi mankhwala achilendo, zipangizo zamakono ndi herbicides.
Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuchuluka kwa ulimi wothirira kwafupika, komwe kuli kofunika kuchepetsa nyengo yokula ndikufulumizitsa kukolola kwa mbewu.
Kupaka pamwamba
Enanso, mbali ina yofunika kwambiri ya chisamaliro cha loofah ndi zakudya zamasamba. Chomera feteleza choyamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yoyenda, pamtunda wa makilogalamu 5 a manyowa pa 1 sq. Km. m chiwembu.
Kuwonjezera pa manyowa, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophatikizapo amchere, ndi kutenga ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu sulphate ndi superphosphate. Mlingo wokhazikika wa chida chilichonsecho chiwerengedwenso potsatira zizindikiro za nthaka pa malo (malangizo pa phukusi amathandizira kumayambiriro).
Pambuyo pake, m'kati mwa kukula kwa loofah, feteleza imachitidwa nthawi zonse 2-3 nthawi pa masiku 30, yomwe yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yokonzedwa ku galasi la phulusa, 1 makilogalamu a mullein ndi ndowa.
Panthawi ya maluwa mipesa imatha kudyetsedwa ndi mankhwala a nayitrogeni, ndikuwerenganso kuchuluka kwa malingana ndi ziwonetsero zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pa phukusi. 
Kusonkhanitsa
Makhalidwe enieni omwe amakolola zipatso za loofah zimadalira mwachindunji zolinga za kulima kwake. Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito "nkhaka zamisala" mukuphika, ndiye kuti mukufunika kuwombera, koma pakatikati pamapeto a August ndi kutalika kwa 10-15 cm.
Mukudziwa? Maiko otentha otentha amaonedwa kuti ndi dziko la loofah: India ndi Africa, ndipo kumapetoko kuli malo omwe anthu sanafikeko.
Pokhala pang'ono, amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zopangira zakudya zamakina kapena zosavuta.
Komabe, ngati chomeracho chikukula pofuna kupeza chovala chabwino, ndiye kuti m'pofunika kuchoka chipatso pa tchire nthawi yaitali kuti muthetse chinyezi chokwanira momwe mungathere. 
Mukhozanso kuwadula kumapeto kwa nyengo yokula (kumapeto kwa September) ndi kuwapachika mu chipinda chowuma ndi chotentha kuti asakhudze wina ndi mzake, mwinamwake kuvunda kungayambe kuchoka.
Kuti mupeze zofufumitsa zofewa, mawu akuti "kucha" kunyumba amachepetsedwa pang'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukupitirizabe kukula pa chiwembu chanu, pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu zomwe zatulutsidwa chaka chathachi, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kuthetsa zipatso zachitsamba, zomwe dzenje limatha kutsekedwa.
Mukakulira m'madera otentha, loofah imawoneka ngati yayamba bwino pamene chipatso cha chipatso chimakhala chachikasu, ndipo zimangowuma mwamsanga.
M'madera ozizira, tikulimbikitsanso kuchotsa "nkhaka" zomwe ziri zobiriwira ndipo zitatha kuyanika mu chipinda chofunda, yambani kuyeretsa.
Njira yopangira nsalu
Pambuyo popanga bwino loofah, n'zosavuta kupanga nsalu yachakudya kuchokera ku zipatso zakupsa. Zonsezi zimachitika motsatira izi:
- Zipatso zachinyamata kapena zofiirira ziyenera kukololedwa ndi kuziwidwa bwino (kutentha pafupifupi +40 ° C), potero kukonzekera kukonza zina.
- Pambuyo kuyanika, chomeracho chimayikidwa m'madzi kwa mlungu umodzi kuti akwaniritse khungu lake.
- Kenaka muyenera kuchotsa khungu ndi kuyeretsa utsi ku zamkati.
- Zimangokhala kusamba ndi loofah m'madzi, nadzatsuka ndikuchoka kuti muume padzuwa.
Video: momwe mungapangire loofah yosamba Ndondomeko ikatha, mukhala ndi chovala chokonzekera m'manja mwanu, ndipo zonse zomwe zatsala ndi kupanga mabowo awiri kuchokera kumapeto amodzi ndikukankhira chingwe kudzera mwa iwo kuti muzisunga mosavuta. Ngati mwatenga chipatso chamtali, mukhoza kuchikwetsa ndi ulusi wa nylon m'mphepete ndikugwirizanitsa ziwalo, ndikupanga bwalo.
Ntchito
Lyufa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana a ntchito za anthu: kuchokera kuphika kupita ku cosmetology, ndipo pafupifupi kulikonse palibe chofanana. Ganizirani phindu la ntchito yake pa aliyense wa iwo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati simukulima ndiwo zamasamba, ndiye kuti posankha lofah, ndibwino kuti musamalidwe ndi maonekedwe ake: mwanayo asamawonongeke pakhungu kapena otsika kwambiri, malo ovunda bwino.
Akuphika
Zipatso zosafa zosavuta zimakhala ndi zokoma komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri, kukumbukira chisakanizo cha nkhaka ndi zukini, komanso kuwonjezera pa izi tikhoza kuzindikira fungo lokoma kwambiri. Manyowa ndi ochepa nthawi zonse amatsukidwa, chifukwa ndizosafunikira chakudya.
Maluwa ndi masamba a zofah omwe ali pamwambawa ndi abwino kwambiri popanga saladi: iwo ndi crispy kwambiri, ali ndi chokopa choyambirira ndi zonunkhira. Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi, masamba a chomera sayenera kuiwala za kulawa kwawo kowawa. 
Nkhumba zazing'ono zingadye kapena zowonongeka: mphodza, mwachangu, chithupsa, ngakhalenso zinthu kapena marinate. Nkhumba za Vietnamese ndizoyeneranso kuzigwiritsa ntchito mu saladi zosaphika m'malo mwa nkhaka.
Ndikofunikira! Pophika mbale zosiyana, ndi bwino kusankha zipatso mpaka masentimita 15 m'litali, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokoma kwambiri komanso zonunkhira.
Ndi mankhwala abwino ophikira, loofah ikhoza kusandulika kukhala mbale yabwino kumbali ya nyama kapena nsomba, ndipo izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zipatso zonse ndi mphukira, masamba ndi maluwa. Kuwonjezera apo, "nkhaka zamisala" ndizopangira kuphika koyamba kapena masamba a masamba, ndipo thupi lidzakhala labwino kwambiri kuwonjezera pa omelets.
Kwa iwo omwe safuna kuthera nthawi yambiri kukhitchini, pali njira zosavuta zokonzekera loofah: mukhoza kuthamanga zipatso zake mu mafuta, ndikugwiritsa ntchito tsabola ya cayenne ndi soya msuzi. Pochita khama pang'ono, mutha kuphika masamba, ndi kuwonjezera mpunga kapena nyama, ndi ku China loofah ndi nkhumba ndi bowa zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.
Mwachidule, chomeracho chingagwirizane ndi pafupifupi mankhwala alionse, koma zosankha pogwiritsira ntchito soya msuzi, maolivi, adyo, tsabola, ginger, chitowe, nsomba, nyemba, mpunga ndi mpunga.
Maluwa okongola ndi abwino kwa saladi yatsopano, ndipo mbewu za mpendadzuwa zimawotchedwa.
Ŵerenganiponso za ubwino wa ginger kwa thupi la abambo ndi amai.
Mu mankhwala
Kuchokera kuchipatala, loofah idzakhala yopindulitsa osati kwa anthu okha, komanso kwa zinyama, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino ndi ziweto. Komabe, mu njira iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, pamene thanzi laumunthu liri kwambiri. Makamaka, zipatso, masamba ndi mazira a mbeu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zotsatirazi:
- ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi ndi kuperewera kwa magazi (kugwiritsa ntchito infusions ndi decoctions ya mazira ochuluka);
- Zodzoladzola ndi mavuto ndi impso (Zipatso zamakono ndi mankhwala oopsa pa thupi ndizobwino kupanga mankhwala);
- pochiza jaundice (kuyamwa kwa chomera chochokera ku loofah chowawa kudzera mu nsalu ndi choyenera);
- m'matenda opatsirana pogonana (kukonzekera za matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito zipatso ndi mbewu za zomera zimathandiza);
- mu matenda a dermatological (mafuta a mbewu ndi othandiza makamaka);
- zovuta zodzikongoletsera ndi conjunctivitis kwa ana (ndi madzi ochepetsedwa m'madzi, awononge malo okhudzidwa ndi kusamba maso, ndi kuwongolera maonekedwe a khungu akukonzekera masikiti apadera);
- pa kutentha kwakukulu, monga febrifuge;
- kufulumizitsa machiritso a zilonda komanso kusokoneza makina.
Kuonjezerapo, loofah yochepa idzakhala ya azimayi okalamba, chifukwa imathandizira kusintha kwa lactation, panthawi imodzimodziyo kuthetsa mavuto omwe angatheke ndi dongosolo la kudya.Mukudziwa? Zipatso zowonjezereka kwambiri zimakula mumunda wa Beidaihe wa ku China, ena mwa iwo amatha kutalika mamita 4.55.
Monga momwe mukuonera, loofah ndi chida chonse chomwe sichidzaza thupi ndi zakudya zokha, komanso kuchiza matenda omwe alipo kapena kuthetsa mavuto a cosmetological, osati kutchula kugwiritsa ntchito zouma zamasamba monga chovala chabwino kwambiri cha nsalu. Zonsezi ndi chifukwa chabwino chodzala masamba pa chiwembu chanu, ndipo mukudziwa kale momwe mungachitire bwino.
Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti
