Bowa wonyenga: mitundu, momwe mungasiyanitse ndi kusasokoneza

Osankha ambiri a bowa amakonda kusonkhanitsa bowa chifukwa cha kukula kwawo. Bowa izi ndi zokoma, zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamalingaliro aliwonse ophika. Komabe, pali mabodza a uchi agaric, omwe angathe kutha mwachangu mudengu la mtola wa bowa ndikupanga chiwonongeko, chotchedwa poizoni woopsa. Pofuna kuti musatenge nkhuni zachinyengo, m'pofunikira kudziwa malamulo osiyana pakati pa bowa wokadya kuchokera kwa anzawo omwe sagwirizana nawo. Izi ndi zomwe nkhaniyi ikunena.

Zamkatimu:

• Coniferous madzi
• Swallowtail Kandoll
• Bwalo khoma lofiira
• Chovala chobiriwira chachikasu
• Thumba cone seroplastichny
• Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa bowa wonyenga ndi zinyama
• Mtundu
• Fungo
• Maonekedwe a kapu
• Chikopa
• Zolemba
• Sakani
• Zizindikiro za poizoni
• Thandizo loyamba
• Video: momwe mungasiyanitse bowa weniweni kuchokera ku bowa wonyenga ndi osadulidwa
• Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti

Kodi bowa wonyenga ndi chiyani?

Mycologists amasiyanitsa mitundu 5 yosiyanasiyana ya agaric yonama. Mmodzi mwa mitunduyi ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi bowa wodyetsedwa: mtundu, kapangidwe ka kapu, kapangidwe ka mwendo, ndi zina zotero.

Coniferous madzi

Mtundu umenewu umatchedwa spatially kapena hydrophilic psatirella. Amapezeka m'nkhalango zam'madzi, pafupi ndi mabanki a mtsinje, pa stumps kapena m'nkhalango zotsalira. Ambiri amapezeka ku Eurasia ndi North America. Nthawi yokolola imakhala mu September - November.

Mukudziwa? Kalekale, zotupa zinkaonedwa ngati bowa wamatsenga. Anthu amakhulupilira kuti chuma chiyenera kuikidwa mmanda m'malo ambiri a mbewu.

Achinyamata achinyamata a bowa ngati amenewa ali ndi kapu yooneka ngati belu, yomwe imakhala ndi ambulera yofanana ndi zaka. Chinthu chosiyana ndi kuthira madzi ndi chipewa chomwe chinang'ambika m'mphepete mwake. Mtundu wake umadalira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha chilengedwe chikukula: mu nkhalango zam'mapiri chipewa chili ndi mtundu wa bulawuni, m'mapiri ndi chinyezi chakuda mtunduwo umayandikira mthunzi wa kirimu.

Mudzidziwe nokha ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.

Msowa wa bowa uwu umakhala wolimba komanso wofewa, womwe umakhala utali wa masentimita 8-10 ndi mamita a masentimita 0,5. Ma mbale a oimira achinyamata amakhala ndi mthunzi wowala. Kupeza mdima wamdima kumayamba pamene Psatirella ndi yozungulira. Pali mikangano yokhudzana ndi kuonekera kwa woimira dziko la mycology. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti mchere wamadzi sungathe kuvulaza kwambiri ntchito zogwirira ntchito komanso zogwirira ntchito, koma ndibwino kuti musadye.

Swallowtail Kandoll

Bowa ili liri ndi mayina ena:

• Candall wosalimba;
• Gifolom Candol.

Amapezeka pafupifupi ku North America, Europe ndi Asia. Amakula m'mitengo yambiri komanso yosakanikirana, imapezeka m'minda, m'mapaki, pa stumps. Kawirikawiri limakula m'magulu akulu. Nthawi ya fruiting imagwa kumapeto kwa May - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa September. Mtundu wa kapu ndi kusintha kwake ndi msinkhu kumachitika molingana ndi mfundo ya woyimira kale. Kulemera kwake kwa kapu kawirikawiri sikudutsa kuposa masentimita 7. Mtundu wake umasiyana ndi choyera choyera mpaka chokoleti cha dzuwa. Mnofu wa Candolla uli ndi mtundu woyera, zonunkhira ndi bowa wambiri. Mipata ya achinyamata omwe amaimirira amajambula ndi utoto wofiira, umene umakhala ndi mitundu yakuda.

Ndikofunikira! Pastirella Candolla ndi kope lamoto, momwe maonekedwe ake amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zambiri: kutentha kwa mpweya, chinyezi, zaka, malo okula. Nthawi zina bowa izi sizingatheke kusiyanitsa ndi bowa zomwe zimadya, chifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti fungolo likhale labwino kwambiri (ngati silikukondweretsa, perekani bowa).

Mafuta a spore a lamapopu a Candoll amasiyana ndi mtundu wa mdima, pamene spores ali ndi ellipsoidal structure. Msolo uli ndi kuwala kowala komanso mawonekedwe ozungulira. Amadziwika ndi petescence yaing'ono m'munsi. Kutalika kwa mwendo kungapangidwe pakati pa 4 ndi 8 masentimita, madigiri - kuyambira 4 mpaka 6 mm. Bowa uwu amaonedwa kuti ndi oyenera kudya, nthawi zina sungatheke. Ena osankha bowa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ufa wochuluka wa Candol pambuyo pa chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha kutentha.

Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kudziwa momwe mungasiyanitsire toadstool yakuda ndi bowa woopsa womwe ukukula pamitengo, kuchokera ku mafunde odyetsedwa ndi ma boletus.

Bwalo khoma lofiira

Bowa ili liri ndi mayina ena ambiri. M'mabuku ena olembedwa pali mawu ofanana awa:

• Hypholoma perplexum;
• Hypholoma sublateritium;
• Agaricus carneolus;
• Agaricus lateritius;
• Geophila sublateritia.

Nkhosa yofiira ya njerwa ikukula zonse pamalo omwewo monga abale ake. Kawirikawiri nthumwi ya dziko la mycology ingapezeke pa zotsalira za mtengo wolimba. Nthawi ya kukula kwachangu imakhala mu September - November. Kusiyana kwakukulu ku uchi wowona weniweni ndi chipewa, chomwe chimakhala ndi chokoleti cha mdima wamdima. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi belu, ndipo mtundu umakhala wopepuka pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwake. Msola uli wowongoka, mkatimo mulibe kanthu, fungo losasangalatsa likuwonekera pa mfundo yochepetsedwa. Chipewa mkati chimakhala ndi chophimba chamatsenga, chomwe chimayamba kumangoyamba. Mtundu wa mbalewo umasiyana ndi chokoleti mpaka dzuwa lokasu.

Mukudziwa? Mitundu yonse ya agaric imatha kusinthanitsa ndi nthaka yomwe yatha.

Mabuku ambiri olemba mabuku amalembetsa kuti bowa wamtundu uwu mutatha kuchiza kutentha kungadye popanda mantha. Komabe, ochita kafukufuku ena amanena kuti analemba zolemba za poizoni ndi abambo ofiira njerwa. Ndicho chifukwa chake zokhudzana ndi kulumikizana zimatsutsana.

Dziwani nokha ndi bowa monga: bowa la satana, nkhumba ndi morel.

Chovala chobiriwira chachikasu

Bowawa ndi owopsa, ndipo simungawadye ngakhale atalandira chithandizo cha kutentha. Pali maina ena a bastard wa sulfure-chikasu:

• Agaricus fascicularis;
• Geophila fascicularis;
• Dryophila fascicularis.

Nthawi ya fruiting imagwa kumapeto kwa kasupe - kuyamba kwa autumn. Habita: North America, Europe ndi kumpoto kwa Asia. Amamera m'magulu, omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri pa stumps, mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo kapena pafupi nawo. Imafuna nkhalango zakuda zakuda. Bell ili ngati belu lokhala ndi mamita 2-7 cm. Lili ndi sulfure-chikasu mtundu umene umakhala wakuda pakati. Mthunzi wa mandimu uli ndi kukoma kosasangalatsa komanso fungo losasangalatsa. Ma mbalewo ndi ochepa, sulfure-chikasu, kenaka pangani mthunzi wobiriwira. The spores ndi ellipsoidal, spore ufa ndi chokoleti mtundu. Mwendo uli ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 10 ndipo uli ndi mandimu-chikasu. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti poizoni wa zakudya amapezeka pamene mukudya bowa sulfure-chikasu, chomwe chikuphatikizapo kusanza, kunyoza, kuzizira. Poizoni wa poizoni ukhoza kuchititsanso kutaya chidziwitso pambuyo pa maola 2-6.

Thumba cone seroplastichny

Kawirikawiri amapezeka ku United States, Canada, Eastern ndi Western Europe. Amakonda nkhalango za coniferous. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magulu pa stumps kapena mitengo ikuluikulu ya mapiritsi ovunda. Kupusa kwa seroplastinchaty kumatchedwanso:

• Geophila capnoides;
• Dryophila capnoides;
• Agaricus capnoides.

Palibe zotsutsana za kuyang'ana kwa mtundu uwu wamanyazi, chifukwa ndi bokosi lopanda chitetezo ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pokonzekera kukonzekera maphunziro oyambirira ndi achiwiri. Nthawi ya fruiting imayamba pakati pa chilimwe ndikutha mpaka kumapeto kwa September. Bowa uwu ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi foxfish ya poizoni ya sulfure. Mitundu iwiriyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mbale: mu nthumwi yoopsa, kutembenuka kwachikasu kobiriwira mpaka kubiriwira, seroplastin bowa ali ndi mbale ya mtundu wachikasu kapena wofiirira (palibe matani obiriwira amawonedwa).

Ndikofunikira! Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa fungo lonama ndi loona ndi mphete pamlendo. Mafilimu onyenga alibe mphete yotereyi.

Chipewa cha nkhandwe zonse ndi mzere wa belu. Mtundu - wonyezimira, wakuya - masentimita 8. Mwendo uli wochepa thupi, wokhala ndi phula pang'ono, umakhala ndi fungo lokoma la bowa podula. Mtundu wa miyendo imasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku chikasu mpaka ku dzimbiri bulauni.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa bowa wonyenga ndi zinyama

Pali zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi bowa woopsa kwambiri. Chosankha chilichonse cha bowa chiyenera kuloweza zizindikiro izi, chifukwa nthawi zina mtengo wolakwika ukhoza kukhala wathanzi komanso moyo.

Phunzirani momwe mungayamire bowa wa oyster, mapuloteni a pickle; kuzimitsa ming'oma, bowa zakutchire, chanterelles, bowa wa oyster ndi porcini bowa.

Mtundu

Omwe amapeza bowa amadziwa kuti mtundu wa kapu ndi miyendo ya adyo yonyenga ili ndi zinthu zina zovuta kuziwona. Kawirikawiri nthumwi zosawerengeka za bowa za agaric zili ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri, wowopsa kwambiri. Chofiira cha njerwa, uchi-bulauni, lalanje, wofiira-wofiira - zipewa zomwe ziri ndi mtundu wofanana, ngati kuwonetsa ngozi. Tengani bowa okhawo, muzovomerezeka zomwe inu muli otsimikiza 100%.

Fungo

Fungo ndi khalidwe lodziwika bwino la agaric yonama. Kumalo ophulika, bowa losayambika amayamba kutulutsa kununkhira kosautsa, matenda, kapena udzu wovunda. Pamene bowa weniweni ali ndi fungo lokoma la bowa, lomwe silingasokonezedwe ndi china chirichonse.

Maonekedwe a kapu

Pakatikati pena kapena padzaza ndi zisoti - izi ndi chizindikiro chowonekera chokumana nacho. Misampha yonyenga ilibe mamba pamapiko awo, nthawi zambiri imakhala yowala komanso yosalala.

Ndikofunikira! Zokhazo zokhazokha zokha popanda mamba - nyengo yozizira. Koma sizingatheke kupeza mu nyengo yosonkhanitsa nkhandwe, choncho sipangakhale mantha.

Komabe, ngati bowa wokalamba ukhoza kutaya kapangidwe ka kapu, kotero ngati mukukayikira, ndi bwino kusonkhanitsa oimira achinyamata okha.

Zothandiza kwambiri kuti mudye bowa monga:, boletus, boletus ndi champignons.

Chikopa

Mketi ndi imodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zomwe mwakhumudwa pa gulu la uchi weniweni wa agarics. Chovala ichi chiri pamlendo, pang'ono pansi pa kapu. Uchimo wonyansa wa agarics uli ndi siketi yakusowa.

Zolemba

Pa nthawi yosonkhanitsa uchi agarics ndikofunikira kuyang'ana pansi pa zipewa zawo (izi ndi zoona makamaka kwa atsopano ku bizinesi ya mushroom). Oimira abodza a honey agarics ali ndi mdima wandiweyani, mbale zonyansa, zomwe zimakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira. Pamene bowa amodyedwa ali ndi mbale zofiira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino.

Sakani

Zizindikiro zomwe tazitchula pamwambazi ziyenera kukhala zokwanira kusiyanitsa pakati pa chakudya ndi chakupha. Ndicho chifukwa chake sikuvomerezeka kulawa bowa, ngati mukukayikira kuti akuwoneka bwino. Koma ngati mutaphika kachigawo kakang'ono kouma uchi ndikumva kuwawa mu kukoma kwawo, ndiye mutha kutsimikiza kuti mukudya poizoni! Pankhaniyi, muyenera kumangokhalira kugwedeza m'mimba ndikuitana gulu lapadera la madokotala.

Zizindikiro za poizoni

Ndithudi anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti vuto la poizoni wa bowa chaka ndi chaka silikhala lochepa. Izi zikhoza kusonyeza kusadziŵa kwa osankha bowa kapena kudzidalira kwawo. Koma tsoka ngatilo likhoza kuchitika kwa wina aliyense, ndipo nthawi zonse muyenera kusiyanitsa zizindikiro zoyamba za poizoni, kuti mupereke thandizo kwa odwala mwamsanga mwamsanga.

Pezani zomwe bowa zodyedwa zimawoneka ngati.

Kotero, zizindikiro zazikulu za poizoni ndi abodza abodza:

• kusanza ndi kunyoza;
• ululu m'mimba, limodzi ndi kutsekula m'mimba;
• kupopa, kutsika kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi;
• miyendo yozizira;
• ziwonekedwe zikuwoneka, kutentha kwa thupi kumatuluka;
• Nthawi zambiri gastroenteritis imayamba.

Mukudziwa? Asayansi atsimikizira kuti uchi woyamba unayambira padziko lapansi ngakhale ndi dinosaurs (pafupifupi zaka 400 miliyoni zapitazo). Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, chisinthiko sichinakhudze mtundu umenewu wa bowa. Pokhapokha kuti adagawidwa kuti adye ndidye.

Ena oimira nkhungu angayambitse munthu kukhala ndi matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha, yomwe imaphatikizidwa ndi chidziwitso cha chidziwitso, chikumbumtima, chinyengo komanso ngakhale zovuta. Kuwonjezera apo, nthawi zambiri, msinkhu wa shuga wa magazi ukutsikira mwamphamvu.

Thandizo loyamba

Zizindikiro zoyamba za poyizoni ndi tizilombo tonyenga ziyamba kudziwonetsera okha pambuyo pa maola 1-2 (nthawi zina zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera pambuyo pa maola asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi awiri, zonse zimadalira mtundu wa bowa, kuchuluka kwa chithandizo cha kutentha komanso chiwerengero cha kudya mafano onyenga).

Konzani bowa wothira mchere m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuphika caviar nawo.

Asanafike ambulansi, wodwala ayenera kupatsidwa thandizo lotsatira:

1. Poyamba, mimba imatsuka ndi madzi owiritsa. Imwani mowa kwambiri monga momwe mungathere. Kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino, madzi ayenera kuthiridwa mchere komanso potassium permanganate ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
2. Ndiye nkofunika kuyambitsa kusanza ndi njira zilizonse zomwe zimadziwika kwa inu (kukanikizira pazu wa lilime, kumwa zakusamba, etc.).
3. Sambani matumbo ndi enema kapena laxative.
4. Imwani mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amachotsa poizoni mopitirira muthupi. Chitsanzo chosavuta kwambiri cha sorbent chimachokera ku carbon.
5. Kuti athetse ululu m'mimba, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi spasms, nkofunikira kutenga antipasmodics. Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino cha antispasmodics ndi "No-shpa" kapena mankhwala aliwonse ochokera ku "Drotaverin".
6. Chifukwa cha poizoni, miyendo ndi manja zimayamba kuzizira, kotero mumayenera kukhala ndi mapepala apadera otentha kapena mbale zotentha, kumene wodwala akhoza kuika manja ndi kutentha.
7. Onetsetsani kuti mugwiritsire ntchito madzi ofunda kwambiri, monga poizoni amachititsa kuti madzi asamatenthe. Koma madzi omwe ali ndi gasi ndi bwino kuti asagwiritse ntchito, chifukwa amatha kupweteka m'mimba.

Ndikofunikira! Yesetsani kupereka mankhwala osakanikirana ndi antisteroidal mankhwala othandiza kupweteka (Analgin, Diclofenac, Nalgezin" ndi zina zotero) Kukonzekera kwa gululi kumavulaza chapamimba mucosa, chomwe chawonongeka kale ndi zida zoopsa za bowa.

Ngati muli ndi mwayi wopereka wodwala kuchipatala chanu nokha, ndi bwino kuti musayembekezere gulu la ambulansi, chifukwa nthawi zina poizoni amatha kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu (botulism, gastroenteritis). Chithandizo choyamba ngati poizoni ndi bowa. M'nkhani ino, tinayesetsa kufotokozera momveka bwino kusiyana pakati pa mazira abodza ndi bowa. Onetsetsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito chidziwitso ichi ndipo musawononge thanzi lanu komanso thanzi la okondedwa anu.

Video: momwe mungasiyanitse bowa weniweni kuchokera ku bowa wonyenga ndi osadulidwa

Ndemanga kuchokera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti