Mbatata ndi chomera chovuta kuti asamalire. Kuonjezera zokolola za phwetekere ndikusinthira kusintha kwa nyengo, okolola amapeza mitundu yonse yatsopano ya zomera. Amazoloŵera kuwoloka, kusankhidwa kwa hybrids, amalandira zipatso ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Mitundu yosakanikirana ndi mitundu yozizira yomwe imapeza mwamsanga misa, imakhala yotchuka kwambiri. Imodzi mwa mitundu imeneyi ndi phwetekere yotchedwa "Leningrad Giant". Nkhaniyi idzafotokoza za zikuluzikulu za zipatso za Leningrad, zomwe zimafunikira kuti mbeu izi zikhale zovuta kumudzi ndi kumunda, komanso malingaliro pa kusankha mbeu.
Malingaliro osiyanasiyana
Chomera chokha ndi shrub pamwamba pa pafupifupi, mpaka masentimita 70 cm. Nthambi yofooka, yaying'ono, yopanda kufalikira. Mizu imayimilidwa ndi ndodo, yofooka, nthambi (mpaka mamita awiri m'lifupi). 
Mizu ya m'mlengalenga imaonekera kumunsi kwa tsinde lopambana, kotero kuti zosiyanasiyana zimaphatikizidwa ndi cuttings. Masamba ndi aakulu ndi ojambula, koma osati osiyana. Pakati pa maluwa kamaluwa kasupe kakang'ono kamaluwa kamapezeka pamtengo, womwe umatha kudzipangira.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo ya maluwa, ziboliboli za chipatso zikuwoneka pa burashi yamitundu yambiri.
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, izi ndizopambana, zomwe zimadziwika ndi kudzichepetsa.
Mitundu ya phwetekere oyambirira imaphatikizapo monga "Siberia oyambirira", "Riddle", "Chimongole", "Kiss of geranium", "Balcony miracle."
Ndizosavuta kulekerera chilala, chipatso cha zipatso chimatchulidwa kuti chimawoneka bwino, chomwe chimapatsa chipatso cha mchere.
Zimasiyanitsa zokolola zochulukirapo ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa zipatso pa tchire chochepa. Zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo maonekedwe a khungu pakhungu mvula komanso nyengo youma chifukwa cha kukula kwa zipatso. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mudzamwetsa tomato pogwiritsa ntchito njira yothirira, kutentha kwa madzi kudzagwira ntchito ngati mapuloteni, ndipo mazira a bulauni adzawonekera pa masamba a tchire. Pofuna kupewa izi, sungani tchire la tomato pamzu ndipo muzichita madzulo kapena m'mawa.
Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
Gawo lakupsa kotsiriza limayamba 80-90 patapita masiku kumapeto kwa mmera mapangidwe. Kulemera kwake kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi 400 g. Zokololazo ndi zapamwamba: mu nyengo imodzi kuchokera pa 1 mita mita. M ndi chisamaliro chosamalitsa chingasonkhanitse makilogalamu 10 a tomato.
Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira ndipo zimatchulidwa. Iwo ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mdima wandiweyani wambiri pa tsinde. Pamene ikupsa, chipatso chimasintha mtundu wobiriwira kupita ku pinki yowala, nthawi zina ndi mzere wowala.
The peel wa tomato ndi osalala. Mnofu ndi wowometsera, wanyama, wokoma ndi dongosolo labwino. 
Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
Posankha mbande, choyamba mverani chidebe chomwe mbuto imaperekedwa. Ngati rhizomes imadzaza ndi matumba osavuta, zomera zimatenga nthawi yaitali komanso zovuta kuti zikhale mizu chifukwa cha microdimages za rhizome.
Sankhani mbande zomwe zimabzalidwa m'magawo osiyana-siyana kapena bokosi laling'anga ndi nthaka - zomera zoterozo zidzakula mofulumira. Gulani zomera pafupifupi kukula ndi msinkhu wofanana kuti mutenge mapangidwe ndi zipatso za nthawi yomweyo.
Rassad sayenera kukhala yoposa miyezi iwiri. Mu miyezi iwiri ya mbande, tsinde limadzafika penipeni penipeni, masamba a sing'anga kukula amakhala wobiriwira mtundu. Masamba pa tsinde sayenera kukhala osachepera 9 ndipo osapitirira 12.
Fufuzani pamunsi pamapepala. Ziyenera kukhala zoyera, popanda mphutsi ndi mazira a tizirombo. Mitengoyi imachepetsanso nsonga za masamba ndi tsinde zimasonyeza kuti feteleza ndi feteleza kwambiri. 
Mukudziwa? Pali maina awiri ofanana ndi zipatso zodabwitsa izi - phwetekere ndi phwetekere. Mayinawa adayambira m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana. "Matimati" - mawu a chi Aztec. Izo poyamba zinkawoneka ngati phwetekere. Mawu oti "phwetekere" anabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Italy dzuwa. M'masulira, amatanthawuza "apulo ya golidi".
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Choyamba, nthaka ya "chimphona cha Leningrad" chiyenera kukhala chosasunthika, chodzaza ndi oxygen, chabwino kuti chidutse chinyezi. Inu simungathe kukhala ndi nthaka yozizira kapena dongo. Nthaka imene madzi amatha, kapena omwe awonjezeka acidity, amavutitsa tomato.
Njira yowonjezera yowonjezera ndikukula kunja ndikugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe nettle ndi nyemba akhala akukula kwa zaka zitatu zapitazo. Ngati mulibe nthaka yotere, karoti, zukini kapena kabichi ziwembu zidzakwanira. Mitengoyi sayenera kubzalidwa kumene mbatata idakula chaka chatha.
Oyenera kubzala nthaka ndi ndale kapena alkaline pH. Musanayambe kubzala pamabedi a mbande, mulole nkhuku izi. Iwo amamasula pamwamba wosanjikiza dothi ndikunyamulira mphutsi ndi mazira a parasitic tizilombo. 
Ngati mulibe nkhuku, dulani nthaka ndi madzi otentha (3 malita pa 1 mita imodzi). Sakanizani muyeso yofanana ya mchenga wa mtsinje, phulusa ndi peat. Pangani chisakanizo pamwamba pa nthaka pamtunda wa 2 kg wa osakaniza pa 1 mita imodzi.
Tsiku lotsatira, chekeni chiwembucho ndikuchimasula ndi mamba. Mlungu umodzi musanadzale mbande, pitirizani kukonzanso mabedi ndi madzi otentha ndikuphimba ndi filimu yakuda.
Yambani kupanga mineral feteleza pa tsiku la khumi mutatha kuziika. Pali feteleza ziwiri zothandiza kwambiri. Izi ndi potaziyamu monophosphate ndi calcium nitrate. Saltpeter imalepheretsa maonekedwe a zowola pa tchire.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka kawiri - pasanafike maluwa ndi masiku awiri kapena atatu asanayambe mapangidwe a mazira (10 g wa feteleza pa 10 malita a madzi). 
Monophosphate imathandizira kuti asungunuke shuga mu chipatso ndikuthandizira kusunga khalidwe lawo mutatha kukolola. Amachenjezanso maonekedwe a khungu, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa "chimphona cha Leningrad."
Kukonzekera kusakaniza kwa ulimi wothirira, onjezerani 15 g wa monophosphate mpaka 10 malita a madzi. Mukhoza kupanga katatu kapena kanayi pa nyengo ndi nthawi ya masiku 15-20.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mutapeza Medvedka pa chiwembu chanu, yang'anani madyerero onse a phwetekere ndi dera loyandikana nawo, musonkhanitse pamodzi ndi kuwononga tizirombo zonse ndi mphutsi zawo. Mankhwala a Medvedka osati zipatso zokha. Ikumba makina aakulu pansi pa tchire la tomato ndipo motero imawononga mizu.
Mavuto akukula
Ndi chikhalidwe cha chikondi cha chikondi chomwe sichilekerera shading ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Kuwala kwa dzuwa kumathamangitsa kwambiri kupanga mbewu. Kutentha kwa mpweya kwa "chimphona cha Leningrad" ndi 50-60%, chinyezi cha nthaka ndi 60-70%, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa madzi pang'ono pambuyo pa kuthirira. 
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula mbande ndi mapangidwe a zipatso ndi 23-25 ° С. Kutsika ndi kutentha kutentha, kukula kumaima, ndipo ku 34 ° C, zomera zimayamba kufota.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba
Mbande, yomwe imakula kale miphika, imakhala ndi mkhalidwe wambiri wosagwirizana ndi nyengo ndipo imapereka zokolola zambiri poyerekeza ndi mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa pamtunda.
Phunzirani momwe mungabzalidwe ndikukula mbatata, pamene mungathe kubzala tomato kwa mbande, momwe mungamere phwetekere mbande mu nkhono kusiyana ndi kudyetsa mbande za phwetekere.
Kukonzekera Mbewu
Mbewu ya phwetekere ndi yabwino, kotero imayanjidwa ndi saline. Ku kapu ya madzi mupange 1 tsp. mchere, kutsanulira mu mbewu zomwezo, sakanizani yankho bwino ndikusiya kuyima kwa maminiti khumi. 
Mbeu zoyandama zimachotsedwa, njirayo imasankhidwa kupyolera mu sieve. Mbeu zolemera zathanzi zimakhalabe pa sieve. Amatsukidwa pansi pa madzi, mofanana amaikidwa pa chidutswa choyera chachabe ndipo amaikidwa pamalo otentha kuti aziuma (masiku 2-3). Ndiye kuchita disinfection.
Konzani njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate, nyembazo zimapangidwira mu chidebe chaching'ono, ndipo chimadzaza ndi yankho la mphindi 15-20.
Poonjezera kumera kwa mbeu, zimadonthozedwa tsiku limodzi mwapadera. Monga sing'anga yamchere, mungagwiritse ntchito madzi a mbatata kapena aloe, komanso njira zina zamakono zomwe zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo komanso kumapwando.
Patatha tsiku, yankho limatha, ndipo mbewu zouma firiji popanda kusamba. Musanafese, mbewu zimamera kwa masiku awiri zothira madzi odzola kapena zowonongeka. 
Chinyezi panthawi ya kumera chithandizira nthawi zonse, kuti mbewu zisamaume. Kutentha kumafunika kukhala mkati mwa + 22-25 ° С.
Mukudziwa? Pambuyo pa tomato adadziwika m'mayiko otukuka, ankawoneka kuti ndi zipatso zopweteka kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali. Milandu yambiri yodziwika bwino ikudziwikanso pamene abambo apamwamba amawombera poyesa kupha ambuye awo ndi mbale ndi kuwonjezera kwa tomato. Kotero, wozunzidwa ndi "phwekere la phwetekere" anali George Washington mwiniwake. Yankhulani, Pulezidenti "Dished Dish" anali ndi kukoma kwambiri.
Zokhudzana ndi malo
Mbeu zowonongeka zimafesedwa mu nthaka yokonzedwa. Izi zikhoza kukhala zoyamba zogulidwa pa sitolo yapadera, kapena kusakaniza kosungidwa kunyumba. Pofuna kusakaniza osakaniza, peat ndi humus zimatengedwa mofanana.
10 g wa osakaniza awonjezere 10 g wa phulusa ndi 7 g wa superphosphate. Dothi la nthaka limasakanizidwa bwino. Chisakanizocho chiyenera kulowetsedwa kwa sabata. Musanafese, osakanizawa amagawidwa m'matumba apulasitiki ndi kapangidwe kakang'ono ka 10-12 masentimita. 
Njira yobzala mbewu
Kubzala mbewu kumapanga tsiku limodzi kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zochitika zonse zikukula. Musanadzalemo nthaka muzitsulo pang'ono tamped ndi kumasula pamwamba.
Nthaka imathiriridwa ndi yankho la mchere wa humic acid (mtundu wa yankho ukhale wodzaza ndi bulauni). Grooves amapangidwa pa nthaka pamwamba ndi mpweya wa masentimita asanu ndi limodzi ndi kuya kwa masentimita 1.5 aliyense.
Mbewu imafesedwa mu grooves masentimsita asanu ndi limodzi (1.5) masentimita asanu ndi atatu (100 cm). Mitengoyi imasakanizidwa ndi nthaka yofanana, nthaka imakhala yochepa.
Zitsulozi zili ndi filimu yambiri ndipo amavala mawindo a dzuwa. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri ndi 25-28 ° С, chinyezi - 90%. Kuti asunge chinyontho chimenechi, nthaka imakhala ikuwongolera ndi botolo la kutsitsi. 
Kusamalira mmera
Mbeu zowonongeka ziyenera kuonekera patatha masiku atatu mutabzala, ngati zisungidwe kutentha zosachepera 25 ° C. Chinthu chachikulu cha kukula kwa mbande ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala.
Ngati tsikuli ndi lalifupi, m'pofunikira kuunikira mbande ndi nyali za fulorosenti kuti nthawi yonse yowonjezereka ikhale maola 12 pa tsiku.
Ndikofunikira! Zipatso zikangoyamba kulemera, tayikizani burashi yonse ku chithandizo kuti tsinde lisaphwanye pansi pa kulemera kwa zipatso zolemetsa ndipo mbewu siinataye.
Chinyezi m'mitsuko imachepetseratu pang'onopang'ono, kuchotsa filimu pa masentimita atatu anayi tsiku lililonse. Mphukira zazing'ono zimayambanso kuvulazidwa ndi chilala ndi madzi okwanira kwambiri. Imwani nyemba pansi pazu, kuti asawononge ofooka omwe amayambira, monga pamwamba pake. 
Yambani kuumitsa zomera pa tsiku loyamba la dzuwa. Chotsani zitsulo kumalo osungira mawindo ndipo mutuluke kwa mphindi 5-7. Kutentha kwambiri kwa dzuŵa kungayambitse tsamba. Bwerezani izi kuumitsa tsiku lirilonse, pang'onopang'ono kuonjezera nthawi yomwe mumakhala mu mpweya mpaka ola limodzi.
Kuwonjezera pa kuphuka kwa mphukira ayenera kudyetsa. Kuyambira kupanga feteleza organic kumafunika masabata awiri pambuyo kumera.
Monga feteleza, mungagwiritse ntchito udzu, whey, peyala ya mbatata, zipolopolo za mazira, zikopa za nthochi.
Chifukwa chaichi, gumin ndi biohumus yabwino, yomwe ingagulitsidwe m'masitolo apadera.
Kuti mudyetse bwino, tenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mlingo womwe wawonetsedwa pa phukusi. 
Sankhani mabala amathera patatha masabata atatu atakula. Ngakhale tomato amalekerera bwino, asamalidwe bwino. Pofuna kusokoneza mizu, sungani zitsamba kuchokera ku chidebe chodziwika ku makapu pamodzi ndi nsalu yotchedwa earthy clod pa rhizome.
Choyamba, khalani makapu a peat ndi mphamvu ya 200-300 ml. Nthawi yachiwiri kusamitsa mbande mu miphika ya lita imodzi iliyonse. Zimafika ku makapu sichifikira, zidzasokoneza nthaka mutatha kuthirira ndipo zidzakhala feteleza wabwino kuti zizitha kukula.
Kuwaza mbande pansi
Ndikofunika kuyamba kuika mu miyezi iwiri ndi theka-mbili mutabzala. Pa msinkhu uwu, mbande zimayamba kuponyera maluwa oyambirira maluwa. Kuloledwa kuchepetsedwa pamalo otseguka kumadza ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola. Nthaŵi yabwino yoyendetsera dziko lapansi ndiyo chiyambi cha April.
Pa nthawi ino ya chaka, kuthekera kwa kubwerera kwa chisanu, chomwe chimawononga achinyamata, chimatuluka. Masiku atatu musanayambe kuika, sungani mbewuzo momasuka. Musamanyowetse nthaka, kotero kuti ikhale yosiyana kwambiri ndi mphika pamodzi ndi nyongolosi. 
Mukudziwa? Zomwe anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti tomato ali ndi poizoni, amatha kusokoneza pulezidenti wamkulu wa ku America wotchedwa Johnson. Mu 1822, adadya ndowa ya tomato kutsogolo kwa gulu la anthu oopsya. Ngakhale anthu oposa zikwi ziwiri anatsutsa chifukwa chake msilikaliyo sanagwidwe ndi imfa, Johnson ananyamuka ulendo wake ndikupita kunyumba kwake. Kuchokera apo, zipatso za phwetekere zinayamba kutchuka mofulumira monga mabulosi amchere ndi zakudya zabwino za saladi ndi mphodza.
Sankhani kutsitsa tsiku lowonongeka. Pewani bedi lokonzedwa m'magalasi ndi mbali ya masentimita 40 ndikumba dzenje la mbande m'makona a malo. Kuzama kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa mphika wa miphika kumene mbande imayima.
Thirani 5 g wa superphosphate mu chitsime chilichonse ndi kuwadzaza ndi madzi mpaka pamtunda. Dikirani mpaka madzi atengeke, ndikubwereza madzi okwanira.
Bzalani mbande m'zitsime. Mukasamukira, sungani zimayambira masentimita atatu kapena anayi pamtunda wa mizu kuti tsinde limasule mizu yowonjezera ndipo mizu imawuma. Mutabzala, kutsanulira pansi pa mphukira ya 0,5 malita a madzi ofunda. Mukhoza kuyamba feteleza ndi organic ndi feteleza feteleza kamodzi ndi theka patapita masabata. 
Zipangizo zamakono za kukula kwa phwetekere pamtunda
Njira iyi ndi yabwino kwa iwo omwe alibe nthawi yogwira ndi mbande ndi omwe akufunika kudzala malo akuluakulu ndi tomato.
Zochitika kunja
Tomato ndi zomera zokonda kutentha, choncho ngati mumakhala nyengo yoziziritsa kapena yozizira, mudzafesa mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mbeu zoyera ziyenera kupereka tsiku lowala kwambiri, kutentha kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwachinyezi.
Zomwe zimapezeka m'mundawu zimathetsa kuthetsa kuyatsa ndi kutentha, kotero anthu okhala m'madera ozizira amafunika kusamalira malo okhalamo.
Zonse mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutseguka, tchire zimadzasowa kubzala ndi kudyetsedwa. Mitengo yosavala zovala zapamwamba imatulutsa ndipo imataya mtundu wawo, ndipo zokolola pamtunda uliwonse zimachepa. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mbeu ya tomato imayikidwa mufiriji kwa maola 6 musanayambe kufesa, kenaka pang'onopang'ono amayaka firiji, kumera kwake kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, monga momwe zidzasinthire kusintha kwa kutentha.
Ngati mutenga malo otentha otentha kwa tomato, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zosavuta kukonzekera nthaka za zomera zamtsogolo. Mukaswa mundawo mumabedi, zindikirani kuti simungathe kufesa tomato kumene nightshade (mwachitsanzo, mbatata) idabzalidwa chaka chatha ndi chaka chatha.
Tengani malo apansi pansi pa chikhalidwe ichi, pansi pa madzi amvula omwe sagwedezeka ndi madzi apansi samachitika. Tomato ndi ovuta kwambiri kulekerera chilala kusiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Mabedi a phwetekere ayenera kuyatsa bwino ndi kutetezedwa ku zojambulazo, kuti zipatso zizimveka kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Njira yobzala mbewu pansi
Pofuna kufupikitsa nthawi yofesa kubzala, mbewu zimayenera kumera. Mbeu zowonjezereka zidzamera pa tsiku lachitatu kapena lachinai mutatha kufesa, ndipo zinthu zosakonzekera zidzakwera masiku asanu ndi awiri kapena khumi. 
Yambani kufesa mwamsanga pamene kutentha kwa masana kufikira + 15 ° C ndipo chisanu chikubwerera. Pakatikati pa nyengo yocheperapo, nthawi yabwino yoyendamo idzakhala yachinayi cha May.
Gwiritsani masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi pakati pa mizere ya mizere ndikukumba mabowo mumzere mumatha masentimita makumi atatu. Kutsikira kwa zitsime ndi 3-4 masentimita. Lembani madzi phando lirilonse mpaka pamtunda, dikirani mpaka ilo litalowa.
Sakanizani mbeu zitatu m'mitsitsi ndikuziphimba ndi nthaka. Dulani nthaka ndi dzanja lanu. Kuthirira mbewu asanayambe kumera kumafunika.
Mukudziwa? Matenda ambiri a tomato ndi 600 g. Matimati wa tomato wokalamba unakula ndi mlimi waku America waku Wisconsin. Sitikudziwika mosapita m'mbali kuti feteleza ndi njira zomwe adagwiritsira ntchito kuti akwaniritse zotsatirazi, koma mabulosi amalenga analemera 2.9 kilogalamu!
Kuthirira
Amachitidwa ndi madzi otentha kwambiri komanso pansi pazu. Njira yokonzera tomato si yabwino, masamba awo sakonda chinyezi. Momwe chimbudzi chimawongolera nthaka, tsanulirani 0,5-1 l madzi pansi pa mphukira iliyonse. 
Yambani kuthirira posangomera masamba atayamba kukula. Nthawi zambiri kuthirira madzi kumadalira nthawi yomwe nyengo ikukula. Ngati nyengo imakhala yofunda komanso yotentha, madzi amamera tsiku lililonse.
M'nyengo yotentha, khalani usiku kutsirirakotero kuti ziphuphu zimadyetsedwa usiku wonse. Mvula yamvula, yophimba tomato ndi mafuta owala.monga masamba a mbewu iyi salola kuti ulimi wothirira wochuluka. Yambani kuthirira mvula ikangotha ndipo nthaka pansi pa tchire imatha.
Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira
Nthaka yotsekemera yodzaza ndi mpweya ndi yabwino kwambiri sing'anga ya Leningrad Giant. Kutsekula kumayenera kuchitika pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira kuti zouma zouma zisawononge kutuluka kwa mpweya ndikusunga chinyezi.
Samasulani nthaka mofatsa komanso mopepuka (mpaka masentimita 8), kuti musawononge mizu. Gwiritsani ntchito izi pamunda wake (pakati pa mizera) ndi munda waung'ono (pansi pa tchire). Kutsekemera kwa nthaka kumatchedwa kuthirira kouma chifukwa chakuti kumakhalabe ndi chinyezi m'madera ozungulira nthaka. 
Kutentha, kumasula nthaka tsiku lililonse.kotero kuti zomera sizikuvutika chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi. M'nyengo yamvula, khalani omasuka kumasula awiri.
Pankhani ya kupalira, m'pofunikira kuti namsongole akule pakati pa tomato osungidwa samatulutsa zakudya m'nthaka ndipo samapewa dzuwa kuti lifike ku tchire. Gwiritsani ntchito kupalira ndi kumasula. Kuchokera ku nthaka yosakhwima namsongole amakopeka mosavuta.
Ndikofunikira! Masamba asanu enieni atangowonekera pa tsinde lalikulu la phwetekere, perekani mu mphika waukulu wa lita imodzi. Izi zidzasintha kukula kwa tsinde lake ndikulola kuti likhale ndi mizu yolimba.
Masking
Ndi kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo m'munsi mwa chitsamba, zomwe zimatenga zakudya, kuchepetsa zokolola za kuthengo. Mukhoza kuchotsa mphukira zomwe zafika kutalika kwa masentimita 6. 
Pasydal madzulo, pamene mpweya umayamba kuziziritsa, ndipo chomeracho sichitha kutaya chinyezi kupyolera mu malo oswa. Musayende pang'onopang'ono tchire masana.
Kuyeretsa koyamba kuyenera kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa July, pamene tchire lidzakhala lamphamvu. Pasynkovki yotsatira iyenera kubwerezedwa masiku asanu ndi awiri kapena khumi alionse.
Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire tomato panja ndi kutentha.
Belt girter
Mbalame ya Leningrad imakhala yofunikira kwambiri garter chifukwa cha zipatso zolemera ndizitali zotalika. Garter ku trellis kapena pamtengo. The trellis ndi galasi ndi malo akuluakulu, omwe amaikidwa kutalika kwa groove ndi mabowo.
Mapesi ndi zipatso amangiriridwa ndi burashi yakumtunda ku imodzi mwa maselo a gridi omwe ali ndi minofu yofewa. Ngati garter imatengedwera pamtengo, ndiye kuti imakhala yokwera mamita 1 ndikuyendetsedwa kuchokera kumpoto kwa chitsamba. 
Mitengo imamangirira pamtengo wokhala ndi chida chachiwiri cha tepi ya nsalu ndendende pansi pa burashi ndi zipatso. Ndi njira iti yomwe imakusankhirani bwino - sankhani nokha. Mizati imafuna malo ochepa, trellis otetezeka kuti akhale pansi.
Dziwitseni ndi malamulo a phwetekere garters mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kunja.
Kupaka pamwamba
Ikani feteleza kwa nthawi yoyamba pa sabata pambuyo pa maonekedwe a maluwa okongola. Kwa malita khumi a njira yofooka ya mullein yowonjezera 15 g ya superphosphate. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumakhala kokwanira kuthirira tchire khumi.
Patapita masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu, pangani feteleza - superphosphate mwakuya pa mlingo wa 20 g pa 10 l madzi ofunda. Patapita milungu iwiri, idyani ndi mchere wa potashi ndi saltpeter.
Fukani feteleza awa pansi pa tchire komanso pambali pa mlingo wa 10 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi 10 g wa potashi mchere pa tchire 10, ndiyeno muzitsuka zambiri mumtunda. 
Zomera zimasonyeza kusowa kwa zakudya zina. Mawanga a chikasu pa masambawo amasonyeza kuti alibe sulfure, ndipo masamba ofiira amasonyeza kusowa kwa mankhwala a boron m'nthaka.
Mukudziwa? Ambiri obereketsa amapeza ntchito yofunikira pomagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi tomato. Mlimi wochokera ku Oregon dzina lake Baur anasankha kusakhutira ndi ang'onoang'ono. Mu 2003, adalembetsa kalata wosakanizidwa wa phwetekere ndi udzu wa fodya, zomwe adazitcha kuti "tomake".
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Nthaŵi zambiri, tomato amakhudza matenda a fungal ndi bakiteriya. Matenda a fungal monga kuchepetsedwa mochedwa, cladosporiosis, vertex zowola ndi kangaude zingathe kuthandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu pa tchire ndi fungicides ogulitsidwa ku sitolo.
Mankhwala otchuka kwambiri - Kunyumba, Zingwe, Oxy, Bordeaux madzi. Matenda a bakiteriya sangathe kugonjetsedwa mankhwala. Ndikofunika kudzipatula chomera, kuchotsani masamba omwe akukhudzidwa ndi mphukira, kuwotchera ndi kuwunika mosamala ngati matendawa afalikira ku tchire zina za phwetekere. 
Koma tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timene timakonda kwambiri ndi slugs, bere, whitefly ndi tizilombo toyambitsa kangaude. Tizilombo tomwe timayamba kuwononga zipatso za tomato, masamba awiri omalizira - masamba.
Kugonjetsa whitefly, tchire tamatontho timapulumulidwa ndi Confidor. Mukhoza kuchotsa slugs mwa kupopera timipata ndi njira yothetsera madzi. Medvedka salola mavuto a vinyo wosasa ndi a tsabola, omwe angagwiritse ntchito nthaka ndi zomera zokha.
Nkhumba ya kangaude idzapha Karbofos, ndipo chomeracho chidzawaza masamba ake omwe ali ndi kachilombo.
Pofuna kupewa zochitika za tizirombo, nkofunika kuti tizisamalira bwino nthaka ndi madzi otentha kwa sabata ndi theka musanadzalemo mbewu. Matenda a fungal amapezeka panthawi yambiri madzi okwanira, kotero zidzakhala zokwanira kuchepetsa kutaya kwa chinyezi ku tchire. 
Kupewera kwakukulu kwa zochitika za tizirombo ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi mlungu uliwonse m'munsi mwa masamba a mphukira mazira ndi mphutsi. Amapeza mphutsi ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa pamanja ndi kuwonongeka, ndipo masamba akudula mazira, kusiya petioles, ndikuwotcha.
Ndikofunikira! Pali lingaliro lofala kuti pakusankha, nsonga ya tsinde la tsamba la phwetekere iyenera kuimitsidwa kuti rhizome ikhale yayikulu. Maganizo ndi olakwika. Chowonadi n'chakuti phokoso la chitsamba cha phwetekere limakula m'kati mwake pamene pali malo okwanira, ndipo panthawi yomwe imafalikira imakhala ndi nkhawa zokwanira ngakhale popanda kuima. Kudulira kwina kwa rhizome kungayambitse kuwonjezereka kochepa kwa chitsamba ndi zokolola zochepa.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Mphamvu yabwino yosungiramo idzakhala zipatso zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa mu nthawi yoyamba kucha. Giant Leningrad iyenera kusankhidwa pamene zipatso zimayamba kutembenuzira mdima wandiweyani. Zipatso zoterezi zidzatha mosavuta patsiku la masana, koma zidzakhala zowonongeka kuti zisungidwe kwa miyezi iwiri. 
Yambani kusonkhanitsa tomato m'zaka makumi awiri za July, ngakhale atakhalabe nthawi yoti afike. Chowonadi chiri chakuti kumayambiriro kwa August, mapesi a phwetekere amayamba kufota ndi kufa, ndipo mbewu imakhala yovuta kwambiri ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Ngati n'kotheka, dulani zipatso kuchokera ku tchire ndi timitsuko, tisiye tsinde. Adzawonjezera mapulaneti moyo wa chipatso.
Ngati pali dothi kapena fumbi pa tomato, apukutireni ndi nsalu yoyera, youma. Musasambe chipatsocho, chidzachepetsa moyo wawo. Musanayambe kusunga tomato yosungirako, onetsetsani kuti sali kuonongeka, kuvunda kapena nkhungu.
Pofuna kukolola nthawi yaitali, tengani mabokosi owongoka a matabwa omwe ali ndi zipilala zolimba. Aphimbe iwo ndi zikopa ndi timitengo ta tomato, pepala la pereselaya. 
Tambani mabokosi omwe ali ndi zivindikiro ndikuwatengera ku chipinda chakuda chakuda. Pa kutsika (mpaka 12 ° C) kutentha ndi mpweya wabwino, zipatso zodzala motere zingasungidwe kwa miyezi itatu.
Tomato yokolola mu msinkhu wokula msinkhu, womwe umakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira ndi madontho, phukusi m'mabokosi omwewo pogwiritsira ntchito zida zowononga monga kutentha kozizira m'malo mwa zikopa. Magawo a tomato amawaza ndi mipira ya polystyrene.
Atakonzedwa motere, tomato akhoza kusungidwa pa -3 ° C kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Masiku atatu asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ayenera kubweretsedwa m'chipinda chamoto. Zipatso zimapangidwa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo.
Mavuto ndi malingaliro
Tomato - chikhalidwe chomwe chimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zomwe zimatchedwa mavuto a thupi. Zimakhala zovuta makamaka ku feteleza, kuunikira komanso kutentha. Ndikusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, masamba pa tchire amayamba kupota ndi kugwa. 
Kuti mupewe vutoli, muyenera kuphimba mbande usiku mu April ndi May, komanso pa mvula yambiri - masana.
Mukudziwa? Pali mitundu yoposa 10,000 ya tomato padziko lapansi. Chaka chilichonse, matani a tomato oposa makumi asanu ndi limodzi amatengedwa kuchokera ku tchire lonse la tomato, omwe ndi ochepetsetsa kwambiri osapitirira masentimita awiri, pamene zazikuluzikulu zimapitirira kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka.
Zomwezo zikugwiranso ntchito pa zipatso kugwa. Kutembenuzira pafupi ndi tsinde ndi ming'alu yomwe ikuwoneka pa zipatso imasonyeza kuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi. Panopa, kuthirira kawirikawiri kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Mphuno zosaoneka bwino za pakhungu zimasonyeza kusowa kwa dzuwa komanso kukula kwa zipatso. Zipatso zoterezi zimafunika nyali zapiritsiscent dosachivyvat.
Mbalame yamtundu woyera imatuluka pamene dzuwa limagunda mazira ambiri omwe atangopangidwa kumene. Pankhaniyi, tchire tiyenera kumeta. 
Chikhalidwe chimenechi chinayambira ku Ulaya ndi Asia posachedwapa. Amayamba kutentha ndi kutentha, amakonda kukhetsa madzi okwanira komanso amapereka zokolola zabwino ku mbande ziwiri ndi mbewu.
Pofuna kukula mbande za mitundu ya phwetekere "chimphona cha Leningrad" panyumba, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti nthawi yayitali ndi kuwala komanso kutentha kwakukulu. Kuti mupeze mphukira zabwino za mbewu zofesedwa panthaka, muyenera kusankha nthawi yoyenera kubzala.
Kubwezerani chisanu kumatha kuvulaza anyamata akumwa kwambiri. Sungani zitsamba za phwetekere kuti mutonthoze, chitani chithandizo chawo chodziletsa motsutsana ndi tizirombo, ndipo iwo adzakondweretsani inu ndi zokolola zochuluka.
