Munthu amene amakolola nkhuku ndi mazira pa chiwembu chake sayenera kuphunzira malamulo a kubereka ndi nyumba zawo, komanso amvetsetse matenda omwe angakhudze ziweto zake zamphongo. Osati kokha kudziwa za iwo, komanso kuti azichita mwanjira yeniyeni ndi yolondola kuti musaphonye mbalame zoopsa pamoyo, komanso za thanzi laumunthu, mikhalidwe. Nkhaniyi imakhudzana ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti mazira apange-76 matenda.
Matenda oteteza mazira a mazira
Pali matenda a nkhuku zomwe zimafalitsidwa kuchokera ku mitundu ina kupita ku mzake popanda zizindikilo zooneka mpaka munthu wodwalayo atapezeka kuti akudwala matendawa.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zinkakumbidwa zaka pafupifupi zikwi zitatu zapitazo m'madera omwe Ethiopia ilipo lero.
Matenda a kuchepetsa dzira - 76 (EDS-76) adayamba kupezeka ndikufotokozedwa ku Netherlands mu 1976. Amakhulupirira kuti abakha akunyamulidwa ndi kachilombo: zoweta ndi zakutchire, komabe, iwo okhawo sakhala ndi matendawa.
Mfundo yakuti ma antibodies kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitinapezeke mu zitsanzo za seramu zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku nkhuku magazi asanatengedwe kuti ndi umboni wakuti nthawi imeneyi idalipo.
Pambuyo pake, kachilomboka kamene kamakhala kofanana, kofanana ndi kameneka, kameneka, kanali 127, kameneka kanali kokhazikika m'mayiko osiyanasiyana otukuka: England, France, Italy, Japan, Hungary. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matenda omwe apezeka akufalikira padziko lonse lapansi. 
EDSL-76, kapena adenovirus (Egg drop Syndrome-76), amadziwika kuti poika nkhuku kupanga nkhuku zimachepa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa njira yoberekera, mazira a mazira amawongolera, khalidwe lake limafooka, chipolopolocho chimagawidwa mochepa ndipo chimachepa kapena palibe, mapuloteni osweka.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za momwe mungapangire nkhuku kupanga nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira, komanso mavitamini nkhuku zomwe zikufunikira kuyika mazira.
Wothandizira matendawa ndi DNA yomwe ili ndi adenovirus (Adenoviridae), choncho dzina lina la matendawa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sizodziwika ndi mitundu yambiri ya adenoviruses ya nthenga komanso yokhoza, mosiyana ndi zomwe tatchulidwazo, ku gluing agglination of erythrocytes ambiri, kuphatikizapo zoweta, mbalame.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku siidzakhala mumdima, ngakhale nthawi ikakhala yabwino. Iye adzadikira mpaka tsiku likudza kapena magetsi akubwera.
Pambuyo pa nkhukuyi, imatulutsa ma antibodies omwe amatha kupatsira mwana kudzera mwa mazira.
Tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timagwirizana ndi formaldehyde, koma sichikhoza kuwonongeka:
- ether;
- chloroform;
- mayesin;
- phenol njira 2%;
- kumwa mowa 50%.
Pa kutentha kwa digirii 50, ikugwira ntchito maola atatu, pa digiri 56 - ora limodzi, pa digiri 80 - theka la ora. Zimadziwika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timayambira m'maselo achilendo a oviduct ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo mapangidwe a eggshell a khalidwe labwino amadodometsedwa.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku yamasiku amodzi imakhala ndi malingaliro ndi maluso omwe amafanana ndi mwana wa zaka zitatu.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za matenda a nkhuku ndi njira za mankhwala.
Nkhuku yomwe idakhala ndi matenda pambuyo pochira ikhoza kukhala nayo:
- owonetsa edema ndi njira zowonongeka mwa iwo - kufupikitsa ndi kupatulira;
- nthawi zina - cysts;
- Kusintha kwa chiwindi: kuonjezera kukula, chikasu, zomasuka;
- kuwonjezereka ndi kudzaza madzimadzi a ndulu.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa
Nkhuku ya mtundu uliwonse ndi msinkhu uliwonse ukhoza kudwala, kuyambira pa zowonjezera, komabe, zaka za "wokondedwa" zowonetsera kachilombo ndi chiwerengero cha nkhuku zokolola: masabata 25-35. Kukula kwakukulu kumawonetseredwa ndi kuberekanso nkhuku, komanso zigawo za mtundu wa nyama.
Mawonetseredwe a matendawa ndi ofunika kwambiri, omwe amawoneka kuti akufunika kuti munthu akhale ndi zofunikira kwambiri malinga ndi zikhalidwe zake. 
Adenovirus, yomwe imafalitsidwa pena (kupyolera mu dzira loyidwa ndi nkhuku yodwala), ikhoza kukhala mu thupi la mbalame yaing'ono mpaka thupi lake likumva kupanikizika, monga kuyamba kwa dzira-kuika. Pa nthawi yoyenera kwa iye, amavomereza, kuchepetsa mazira a nkhuku. Njira yotumizira imeneyi imatchedwa wokhoma.
N'zochititsa chidwi kuti m'masiku oyambirira a moyo, nkhuku yomwe imadwalidwa kuchokera ku dzira lopatsirana kapena yodwala matenda a EDSN-76 sichidzawonetsa mawonetseredwe omveka bwino a chiwombankhanga pachimake cha zokolola, komatu sizingatheke kuti chiwopsezo chachikulu cha dzira chikhale chokwanira.
Palinso kuthekera kwa matenda osakanikirana:
- kukhudzana - kupyolera mu zovala ndi nsapato za anthu, zinyamuliro, zinthu zapanyumba ndi chisamaliro;
- kugonana - kupyolera mu umuna wa tambala;
- zozizwitsa-zomveka - kupyolera mu zitosi ndi kutuluka pamphuno zamkati ndi zamlomo za anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo;
- mwa katemera wa mbalame motsutsana ndi matenda ena.
Ogwira ntchito ya causative EDSN-76 ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, komanso nkhuku zowonongeka, abakha ndi atsekwe, zoweta komanso zakutchire, komanso mbalame zina. Mbalame zakutchire zimatha kutenga matendawa pamtunda wautali kudzera m'matope.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mbalameyi imakhala yochulukirapo, pafupi kwambiri, kufalikira kwa kachilomboko kwafulumira kwambiri ndipo matenda a nthenda zonse zimatha masiku 1-14. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zigawo zomwe zimagawidwa zimakhala zathanzi kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale zitakhala pafupi ndi munthu wodwalayo.
Kusokonekera kwachuma
EDS-76 imabweretsa mavuto aakulu azachuma ku minda yapadera ndi minda yaikulu yamalonda. Pakati pa matendawa, kuchotsa pazitsulo imodzi ndi mazira 10-30, ndipo kubzala mbalame kumafikira 50. Izi zikutanthauza 17-25% kuwonongeka. 
Kubwezeretsa zokolola za munthu mmodzi kumatenga masabata 4 mpaka 6, ngati izo ziri mu khola. Mu nkhuku zimakhala pansi ndikukumana ndi anthu ena ndi zinthu zawo zowonongeka, dzira lopangidwitsa silikhoza kubwerera ku msinkhu woyamba wa 6-12%.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mazira omwe anagwidwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo, ambiri mwa iwo sakhala oyenera kubereketsa chifukwa cha zipolopolo zofooka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pakuti ambiri mwa iwo ali pachikhalidwe choyambirira, chidziwitso chimachepa. Kupulumuka kwao m'masiku oyambirira atatha kutayidwa kunathandizidwanso.
Werengani malamulo a kubereketsa ana a nkhuku pogwiritsira ntchito chofungatira, ndipo phunzirani momwe mungaike mazira mu chofungatira.
Ngakhale masiku ano pali zambiri zokhudzana ndi matendawa, komanso zodziwa zambiri pazolimbana ndi 1976, mafunso ena akutsutsanabe ndipo alibe yankho lolondola.
Ndikofunikira! Matendawa akufalikira m'mayiko omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafakitale omwe amapanga mafakitale, ndipo zowonongeka kwambiri zimayambidwa m'minda.
Zizindikiro
Asanayambe zaka zowonjezera munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala m'matumbo ndipo sichidziwonetsera tokha. Nthawi ikakwana ndipo mahomoni a nkhuku asintha kuti dzira likhale lopangidwa, kachilombo ka HIV kamayambitsidwa ndipo sitepe ya viremia imayamba, ndiko kuti kachilombo kamatuluka m'thupi kudzera m'magazi.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi zizindikiro za nkhuku monga conjunctivitis, pasteurellosis ndi colibacillosis.
Kufikira epithelium ya mucous membrane ya oviduct, kachilombo kamene kamathandiza kuti mchere usakhale wochuluka: sodium, potaziyamu, magnesium, calcium ndi zina, chifukwa nkhuku imayika mazira omwe ndi ofooka kwambiri, opunduka, kapenanso ngakhale palibe.
Mukudziwa? Tambala mu nkhuku, kuphatikizapo ntchito yake yobereka, amachititsa ntchito zambiri zofunikira pazakhalidwe ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito: kulamulira ulamuliro wa tsikulo, kuteteza mikangano, kutetezedwa ku ngozi, ngakhale mdaniyo akuposa mwadala mphamvu ndi kukula kwake.
Chifukwa cha kuopsa kwake kwa nkhuku, kawirikawiri nkhuku zimasonyeza zizindikiro za matenda.
Nthaŵi zina, kawirikawiri mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono, amatha kuona:
- zizindikiro za kumwa mowa - kufooka, kutopa, ndi ena;
- kuchepetsa chilakolako;
- Kutsekula m'mimba komanso kupezeka kwa zobiriwira mu zinyalala;
- magazi;
- kupuma kofooka pampando wa vuto lalikulu;
- mthunzi wa bululu wa scallops ndi ndolo.
Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi chizindikiro ndi kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zokolola, kutenga mazira owonda, opunduka kwambiri. Puloteni ya mankhwalawa ndi madzi ndi mitambo. Nkhuku zowalidwa kuchokera mazirawa zimakhala zochepa ndipo zimafa mochuluka m'masiku oyambirira a moyo wawo. 
Zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa nkhuku:
- "dzira la mafuta" ndi chichepere chochepa cha chipolopolocho chikufala kwambiri m'misewu ya bulauni ndi broilers;
- kusintha kwa mapuloteni. Kudyetsa kwake ndi kutentha kwake ndi khalidwe loyera la mitanda yoyera.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwa si chizindikiro cha chidziwitso cha matendawa, mlingo wake sakhala wapamwamba kuposa 5%. Chifukwa chake makamaka ndi yolk peritonitis.
Zosokoneza
Pofuna kupeza chithandizo choyamba ndikusunga ndondomeko yotsatila, ma grafu ayenera kukonzedwa kuti asonyeze chitukuko cha zokolola za dzira, podziwa kuti, chifukwa cha adenovirus, kuchepa kwa dzira kumapangidwira pamtunda wa masiku 200-240.
Pankhani ya kugwa kwa zokolola munthu wamkulu wamkulu kuposa masiku makumi atatu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zina. 
Mulimonsemo, musanayambe kudziwa za dzira la matenda a dzira-76, liyenera kuchotsedwa:
- Matenda a chideru;
- chithandizo;
- matenda opatsirana pogonana;
- helminthic nkhondo;
- poizoni ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana;
- kuchepa kwa zakudya;
- zifukwa zina zomwe zingayambitse kuchepa kwa dzira.
Kodi ndikuti mungatembenuze bwanji
Ngati kachilomboka kakupezeka pa mafakitale, famuyi imasamutsidwa ku gawo losavomerezeka ndipo limapereka chilolezo choyenera: njira zoyenera kutsukiramo ndi kuteteza matenda opatsirana pogonana, katemera, kugwedeza, ndi zina zotero.
Kupeza nkhuku ndikukayikira EDS '76 mu nkhuku yapadera ndi chifukwa choitanira veterinarian yemwe adzapenda ndi katemera ndikupereka malangizo. 
Ndizofukufuku ziti zomwe zidzachitike
Kutulukira kwa "adenoviral matenda" kumapangidwa pamaziko a kafukufuku:
- epizootological;
- chithandizo;
- chiwonongeko;
- labotale.
Kufufuza mu laboratori kuunika:
- oviduct;
- ovari ndi follicles;
- rectum ndi zomwe zili mkati;
- magazi;
- Kusamba kuchokera ku nasopharynx ndi cloaca.
Ndi bwino kuchita kafukufuku m'masiku oyambirira a matendawa (masiku 3-5), ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu kuchokera ku mbalame zomwe zidaphera kapena kuphabe kuposa maola awiri apitawo. 
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti muwerenge zomwe mungachite ngati nkhuku zikuyenda mofulumizitsa ndikuwombera mazira, kodi mukufuna tambala kuti nkhuku zizitenge mazira pamene nkhuku zimayamba kuthamanga.
Magazi kuti anthu azidzipatula komanso aziphunziranso seramu yake akuyenera kutenga kuchokera kwa anthu omwe ali m'magulu otsatirawa (zitsanzo 15-20 kuchokera pazigawo):
- 1-200-tsiku anthu;
- Anthu 160-180;
- Anthu makumi awiri ndi awiri;
- Anthu a masiku 300;
- anthu achikulire atapuma pantchito;
- zitsanzo za zizindikiro za matenda.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zili ndi "lilime" lawo, zomwe zimatha kutumiza zizindikiro pafupifupi 30 mothandizidwa ndi mawu kwa anthu ena. Palinso chinenero cha "mayi" chomwe nkhuku imayankhula ndi anawo. Komanso, nkhuku yomwe idakonzedwe masiku angapo isanayambe kukumana ndi nkhuku kudzera mu chipolopolo, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro khumi.
Koma mazira, ndibwino kufufuza kuti ndizomwe zili zochepa zomwe zili ndi kuphwanya kapangidwe ka chipolopolo ndi / kapena zomwe zili.
Mmene mungachitire
Mofanana ndi matenda ena ambiri a tizilombo, palibe mankhwala enieni. Ndibwino kuti tiganizire za ubwino wa zakudya, kukwanira kwake ndi zofunika zamagazi, vitamini ndi mchere. Kupanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumayambira pa masiku asanu ndi awiri ndi asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri (7) a matendawa ndipo kumakhala kwa milungu iwiri, kenako munthuyo amalandira chitetezo cha moyo wake wonse.
Ambiri akuyang'ana mayankho a mafunso awa: Kodi nkhuku imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji, kudziwa nthawi ya nkhuku, momwe mungadziwire za kugonana kwa nkhuku, chifukwa chiyani nkhuku zimayenda m'mapazi ndikugwa.
Zokwanirazo zikuphatikizapo kukakamizidwa kudzipatula kwa nthendayi yoyamba kuchokera ku gulu lonse la ng'ombe, makamaka ngati kusunga pansi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunika kufufuza mbalame zonse kuti zizindikiro za zizindikiro.
Ngati chikhalidwe cha matendawa sichikhala chimodzi, zigawo zofunikira payekha ndizofunika. Mbalame yosauka imayenera kuphedwa, zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku izo zimatumizidwa kukafufuza kwa labotori kutsimikiziridwa kwa matendawa. 
Pakuti disinfection ya nkhu zambiri nthawi zambiri ntchito mankhwala "Brovadez-kuphatikizapo."Nkhonoyo imachiritsidwa komanso imatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 2% formaldehyde. Mazira a makulitsidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito patapita miyezi iwiri. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa ndibwino kuti tipeze katemera: madzi a sorbed kapena emulsified inactivated.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kufufuza momwe matendawa akuyambira osati kuyamba vutoli: izi zingathandize kupewa mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi kufala kwa kachilombo ka nkhuku.
Izi zikhoza kukhala zothandiza kupumula gawo la viremia - kufala kwa kachilombo kudzera m'magazi kudzera mu thupi. Chifukwa chake, tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo timene timayambitsa matendawa sichidzapweteketsa mbalameyi, sipadzakhalanso mthupi, kupatulapo, izi zimathandiza kuti mazira ndi zokolola zikhale bwino. 
Kupewa ndi katemera motsutsana ndi HIV
Katemera amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa matenda osakondweretsa monga matenda ochepetsera dzira-76, omwe amalepheretsa chiwerengero cha viremia, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilumikizidwe komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Anthu asanu ndi awiri (16-20) aliwonse amapezeka katemera, kuyiritsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena intramuscularly, ndipo patapita milungu iwiri mbalame imayamba kuteteza thupi lake kwa chaka chimodzi.
Katemera otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa katemera:
- madzi osakhazikika;
- emulsified inactivated;
- kusonkhana kosakhazikika.
Njira zowononga zimachokera ku kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo owona zanyama ndi zowonongeka pofuna kupewa kutsegula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Pakutha mazira, mazira omwe amachokera pamwamba pa masabata 40 amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kusanthula kwawo kuli koyenera.
Werengani zambiri za momwe mungasankhire nkhuku nkhuku pamene mukugula, momwe mungakonzekerere, momwe mungapangire nkhuku coop kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha, momwe mungapangire mpweya wabwino mmenemo, momwe mungamangire nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira, komanso momwe mungathere kutentha nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira.
Nyama imene magazi ake amapezeka amaphedwa. Kuwona kachilombo ka HIV kumasonyeza kupezeka kwawo. Pachifukwa ichi, muyenera kuyang'anira nkhuku yanu ndipo mutenge nthawi yoyenera.
Pochepetsa kuchepetsa chiwopsezo mu nyumba yanu ya nkhuku, muyenera:
- kutsatira miyezo yoyenera;
- Ali ndi mbalame payekha ndi magulu a zaka;
- Gulu la nkhuku lizikhala mosiyana ndi tsekwe ndi bakha;
- kuyeretsa ndi kupiritsa mankhwala chipinda nthawi ndi nthawi, komanso kupanga.
Mukudziwa? Nkhuku zimatha kumverera: chifundo, chisoni. Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi luso lokwanira kukumbukira kuoneka kwa zolengedwa zina zana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zilipo kale ndi kudziwa za chilengedwe, kupanga zisankho.
Ndikopa mtengo kwambiri kusiyana ndi kupewa chithandizo cha matendawa. Ngakhale mu nkhuku yaing'ono nkhuku, m'pofunika kutsatira ndondomeko yosunga komanso nthawi yopatula mbalameyo ngati mukudandaula. Nthawi zambiri, kutsatira malamulo osavuta ndi omveka kumateteza mlimi wamkuku ku matenda osasangalatsa komanso zotsatira zake.
