Zojambula za pulasitiki ndi mvula zawo mumvula ndi zosautsa mumoto wakale. Iwo adalowetsedwa ndi mipando yabwino, yoyera, yabwino, yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mitundu ya slabs. Mzere wochepa kwambiri wa miyala yamtengo wapatali imasonyeza kuti zovuta zonsezi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri popanga njira zowonetsera. Komabe, zogwira ntchito zapamwamba zimakhala zokhoza kuyika miyala yokhayokhayo komanso yokongola, komanso kuti ikhale yokha.
Mitundu ya miyala yopangira miyala
Kupanga, pakati pazinthu zina, ndikosiyana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa zipangizo zomwe zimapangidwira. Malingana ndi mbali iyi, iyo imagawanika kwambiri kukhala mitundu itatu:
- konkire;
- makina a clinker;
- tile zopangidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe.
Konkire
Mtundu uwu wamwala wopangidwa ndi maonekedwe ake:
- Miyala ya miyala yotereyi siinapangidwe ndi konkire yoyera, koma ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala ndi khalidwe labwino ponena za ntchito, ndi maonekedwe.
- Malingana ndi njira yopangira, miyala ya konkire imagawidwa kukhala yojambulidwa ndi compaction ndi kugwedeza ndi kuthamangitsidwa pansi pa kuthamanga kwakukulu.
Mabokosi otchedwa concrete-concrete omwe amapangidwa ndi konkire amasonyeza kusagwira ntchito bwino, osakhala amphamvu kwambiri, oyenera kutaya komanso kuwonongeka kwa chisanu. Kukanikiza pazitsulo za konkire zili ndi makhalidwe abwino. Kawirikawiri, miyala ya konkire imadziwika ndi kupezeka ndi mtengo wotsika. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndi zosiyana ndi zokongoletsera, zomwe mothandizidwa ndi mazira owonjezeredwa amawonetsedwa mu mitundu yonse ya mitundu.Mukudziwa? Otsogolera miyala yamakono yamakono anawotchedwa njerwa pamoto, pomwe misewu ya Mesopotamiya Yakale inali yopangidwa zaka zisanu zikwi zisanu zapitazo.
Kokani
Mwala wonyezimira womwe unagwidwa ndi kuwombera dongo uli ndi ntchito zabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kusowa kwa pores, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mchere usakanike komanso kumatsutsana ndi kusiyana kwa kutentha. 
Kuwonjezera apo, mwala uwu ndi wosavuta kukhazikitsa, chifukwa uli ndi malo omwewo kumbali zonsezo, ndipo ukhoza kukhala wochepa kwambiri kuposa konkire paving. Zokongoletsera zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, koma mtengo wake ndi wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa miyala ya konkire.
Mwala weniweni
Mwala umene umachokera ku mwala wa chilengedwe uli wamphamvu ndi wokhazikika. Makamaka oyenerera cholinga ichi granite. Pogwiritsiridwa ntchito, sizimapereka mankhwala, kutaya madzi ndi madontho otentha, sizimasokoneza komanso zimatsutsa katundu wambiri. Koma zimabweretsa zambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya slabs paving. 
Mafomu
Pofuna kupanga miyala yokhala ndi miyala, muyenera kuyamba kupanga mitundu yapadera, yotchedwanso matrices. Anatsanulira njira yothetsera vuto linalake, limene pambuyo povuta limabwereza maonekedwe awo onse ndi mawonekedwe.
Kuchokera mu mawonekedwe opangira zofunikirako zofunika:
- mkulu kutsutsa makina nkhawa;
- kuthamanga kwakukulu;
- mankhwala osakaniza.
Mbuye wa nyumba amadzipangira okhaokha matrix:
- pulasitiki;
- silicone;
- mtengo;
- polyurethane.
Phunzirani momwe mungapangire matabwa a m'dera lakumidzi kwa inu nokha, pangani njira kuchokera ku matabwa, konkire ndi kuyika matabwa.
Chipangizo cha pulasitiki ndi mawonekedwe odalirika komanso odalirika omwe angathe kupirira mpaka chikwi chidzaza mosagwedezeka ndipo popanda kutaya mawonekedwe oyambirira panthawi. Kuphatikizanso apo, pulasitiki yamapulisi imatanthauzira molondola ku miyala yomwe imafunikira maonekedwe a makompyuta ndi mawonekedwe oyenera. Matenda a silicone amadziwika kuti ndi otsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuthetsa mankhwala. 
Komanso, mitundu ya silicone ndi yosiyana:
- mphamvu yolimba;
- mtengo wotsika;
- mikhalidwe yabwino pakupanga nkhungu za gypsum.
Zowononga zawo ndizo:
- kukana mankhwala;
- kuthekera kwa mpweya wa mpweya mumapangidwe awo komwe kumakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la mawonekedwe.
Ubwino wa mtundu uwu wa masewerowa ndi awa:
- mtengo wotsika;
- mpumulo wa kupanga.
Ndipo mavuto awo ndi awa:
- kusowa kosauka;
- moyo wautali kwambiri;
- kusasinthika popanga mbale zoboola.
- chithunzi;
- mphamvu;
- chokhazikika;
- kuzimitsa;
- kukhazikika;
- mankhwala;
- kudzichepetsa;
- kuwonjezereka kwotsitsimula.
Kuonjezera apo, polyurethane imakhala ndi madzi otsika kwambiri, omwe amalola kuti mapangidwe apamtengowo akhale olondola kwambiri kuti abwezeretse mawonekedwe a zoyambirirazo.Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, miyala yamtengo wapatali yopangira miyala yomwe imatha kupikisana ndi miyala yachilengedwe inayambitsidwa ku Netherlands kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mabokosi oyambirira opangidwa ndi mchenga, dothi ndi madzi.
Momwe mungadzipangire nokha
Musanayambe kupanga matrix popanga miyala yonyenga, muyenera kukhala ndi chitsanzo chabwino chomwe chimaimira chitsanzo cha mtsogolo. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito gypsum, dothi, konkire, pulasitiki kapena dongo. Miyala yachilengedwe ya kukula kofunikira ndi yoyenera, ndi mtengo wokhala ndi maonekedwe abwino, ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe.
Ndipo kupanga mawonekedwe omwe polymeric matrices amatsanuliridwa, ndikofunikira kuchita zotsatirazi:
- Kusunga mchitidwe wapamwamba pa plywood kapena mapepala ofanana.
- Kuteteza kufalikira kwa polymeric zakuthupi (zomwe template model ikuzunguliridwa ndi chimango pa mtunda wa masentimita awiri kuchokera pa chimango khoma kuti chitsanzo pamwamba). Kutalika kwa chithunzicho chiyenera kupitirira mchitidwe wapamwamba ndi masentimita angapo.
- Kusindikiza ziwalo za makoma a chimango ndi denga lakuya ndi sealant kuteteza kutaya kwa madzi polima pansi pa makoma.
- Kudzaza madzi pakati pa mapulogalamu a polima pakati pa chitsanzo ndi makoma a chimango cha kutalika kwawo.
Pofuna kupanga fomu pogwiritsa ntchito mchitidwe wapamwamba, gwiritsani ntchito:
- mipiringidzo;
- polyurethane, pulasitiki, silicone;
- kubowola magetsi;
- saw;
- mlingo womanga;
- chowombera;
- zojambula zokha.
Njira yokonza nkhungu kuchokera ku pulasitiki
Pamaso pa mchitidwe wapamwamba, ntchito yaikulu apa ndikupanga chimango pozungulira. Kuti muchite izi:
- Konzani mipiringidzo yamatabwa kotero kuti, pozungulira fanizolo, mawonekedwe awo akhoza kusiya masentimita awiri pakati pa chitsanzo ndi makoma ake. Ndipo kutalika kwa mipiringidzo iyenera kukhala ndi masentimita awiri oposa kuposa chitsanzo.
- Tsegulani mipiringidzo pakati pa zikopa ndi misomali.
- Ikani chitsanzo cha ndondomeko yomwe ili mkatikatikati mwa chimango, kuonetsetsa kuti kusiyana pakati pa makoma ndi makomawo ndi ofanana ndi kuzungulira.
- Lembani mpata uwu ndi pulasitiki yamadzimadzi mpaka kutalika kwa makoma a chimango.
- Pambuyo pafupi ola limodzi, matrix omalizidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, mungathe kusokoneza.
- Ngati mukumva kupsa mtima, akhoza kuchotsedwa mosavuta ndi nsapato.
Silicone nkhungu kupanga
Zosakaniza za silicone yapadera:
- maziko;
- chothandizira;
- hardener.
Pakuti kupanga choyambirira cha izo ndikofunikira:
- Yendetsani chitsanzo cha mbuye ndi chitsanzo cha chitsanzo choyambirira.
- Lembani chitsanzo ndi mtundu uliwonse wa mafuta.
- Ikani pakatikati pa chimango.
- Sakanizani zigawo zikuluzikulu za silicone monga momwe akuwonetsera ndi wopanga.
- Thirani yankho labwino mu mtsinje wochepa kwambiri mu malo kuchokera pa chithunzi cha chitsanzo. Mavuvu a mpweya sayenera kuchitika.
- Pambuyo pa silicone yowumitsa mkati mwa maola 24, chotsani matrix opangidwa kale.
Video: Fomu ya Silicone
Kupanga mawonekedwe a matabwa
Kuchokera mu zinthu izi zokhazokha, zowonjezeredwa, polygonal, maonekedwe opangidwa ndi daimondi zimapezeka. Izi zimafuna:
- mipiringidzo yamatabwa yokhala ndi kutalika komwe kumapanga kusiyana kwa 2-cm pakati pa chimango ndi chitsanzo, ndi masentimita awiri kutalika kwake kuposa chitsanzo;
- chowombera;
- kuona kapena jigsaw;
- wolamulira;
- lalikulu;
- masking tepi;
- sandpaper;
- zitsulo zamtengo;
- zojambula zokha.
Mwinanso mutha kukhala ndi chidwi chodziwa momwe mungaphimbe denga ndi mankhwala anuawo, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mapulogalamu apansi pamakoma ndi momwe mungasinthire mawindo m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndipo kuti mupangidwe mawonekedwe osavuta ojambula omwe mukufuna:
- Lembani pamwamba pomwe nyumbayo idzapangidwe.
- Konzani mipiringidzo 4 ndi kutalika kwake.
- Sungani chimango kuchokera kwa iwo ndipo musanamangidwe ndi masking tepi.
- Limbikitsani chimango ndi zikopa.
- Mbali yamkati ya chimango chopanga sandpaper.
- Ikani mzere kuti muchotse mwala wotsirizidwa kuchokera mu nkhungu.
- Mphindi pakati pa mipiringidzo yogwiritsira ntchito sealant kuteteza kutaya.
Video: mawonekedwe a matayala a munda
Kupanga mitundu ya polyurethane
Polyurethane matrixes ndi okhazikika, odalirika komanso odalirika. Pakuti kupanga kwawo kuyenera:
- Mitundu ya polyurethane imatsanulira kumanga mipiringidzo ndi zitsanzo zamatsenga, kutsata chitsanzo cha zosankhidwa kale.
- Mphepete mwa pamwamba pomwe nyumbayo imayimilira iyenera kukwera masentimita angapo kuti athetse kutulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku polyurethane.
- Ikani izo kufungira kwa tsiku.
- Pambuyo kuchotsedwa pa chimango, mawonekedwewa ayenera kuchoka kwa masiku ena awiri kuti apitirize kuumitsa.
Video: mawonekedwe a polyurethane
Ndikofunikira! Chifukwa chakuti nkhaniyi imatulutsa zinthu zovulaza, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoteteza.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji chisakanizo kuti mupangire miyala yopangira miyala?
Kuti mukhale ndi miyala yamtengo wapamwamba, muyenera kutsanulira mu mawonekedwe abwino osakaniza bwino. Ayenera kukhala:
- mphamvu;
- kuchepetsa madzi okwanira mphamvu;
- kukana kutentha kutentha;
- kusokoneza abrasion;
- kukana zosokoneza nkhawa;
- malingaliro ochepa.
Pakupanga ma slabs omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri:
- kugwiritsira ntchito kuponyera;
- ndi vibropressing.
Choyamba, nkhope yosanjikiza imapangidwanso, kenako imakhala yofunikira. Choncho, osakaniza kuti apangidwe ndi mitundu iwiri. Pakati pa zipilala ziwirizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ndodo zachitsulo. Opaleshoniyi ingalowe m'malo mwa kuwonjezera kulimbikitsa makina opangira mankhwala.Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yamkati pakati pa njira ziwirizi siziyenera kukhala zoposa 25 mphindi kuti zisawonongeke.Wosakanikirana ndi nkhope yosanjikiza. Kuti mupeze mamita a square lalikulu a malo okongola a malo oyalapo, omwe ali amphamvu ndi osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, amafunika:
- simenti PC500 - ndowa zitatu;
- miyala yaying'ono yowonongeka ndi mchenga wa mtsinje wothira mofanana - ndowa 6;
- dera la dispersant ndi pigment ngati njira yothetsera - 0,8 l;
- madzi - 8 l.
Video: Kukonzekera konkire ya mtundu wa miyala yopangira miyala ndi matayala
Mtengo wa miyala yopangira miyala imakhala bwino kwambiri mukagwiritsidwa ntchito podzaza tebulo logwedezeka. Kutsekemera kumamasula chisakanizocho kuchokera ku mphutsi ya mpweya, kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha pores mkati mwa mankhwala ndipo potero kumapangitsa kukhala kolimba.
Wosakanikirana ndi chikhoto. Zimakonzedwa pafupifupi mofanana ndi momwe nkhopeyo imakhalira, koma sizikugwiranso ntchito dye ndi dispersant. Osabala akhoza kutenga m'malo osakaniza okwera mtengo kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a zowonongeka. Zosintha zina zikuchitika ndi kuyanjana pakati pa mchenga-miyala ndi simenti, zomwe ziri tsopano 1: 3.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamapanga miyala ya miyala yopangira miyala, m'pofunikanso kupanga matrices omwe amakulolani kupanga makona kuti musadulire miyala yonse.Zigawo zonsezo mu mawonekedwe - onse nkhope ndi zoyenera - ziyenera kukhala zoposa masentimita awiri. Mafashoni ayenera kuchitika pa tebulo lophatikizira lomwe limaphatikizapo kwa mphindi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zisanu, kenako yesani pamwamba, pezani mafomu ndi filimu ndikusiya kukauma kwa masiku 1-2 kutentha kwa +15 mpaka +25 ° C.
Video: kupanga kapangidwe ka konkire yapamwamba
Zamakono zamakono ndi zipangizo zimapangitsa wamisiri kupanga nyumba kuti apange miyala yapamwamba yopangira miyala, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yosachepera ndi fakitale yopangira mafakitale, osati m'magwiritsidwe ntchito kapena mu zokongoletsera.
