Omwe amajambula mitundu: mitundu ya mitundu, kusunga ndi kuswana

Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuku zomwe zimachita bwino kwambiri komanso zowonongeka. Tsopano mitundu ya nkhuku imamera, yomwe imakhala ngati yopanda ulemu monga nkhuku zowonongeka. Ambiri a ziwembu amapezeka ndi nkhuku nyama ndi mazira. Izi ndi mitundu ya mtundu wa broilers. Talingalirani mtundu wa mtundu wa broilers tsopano wotchuka ndi makhalidwe awo opindulitsa.

Zimapanga mtundu wa ma broilers

Zojambulajambula zamitundu zili ndi mbali zingapo:

• mafupa amphamvu:
• bwino;
• Thupi lalikulu lokhala ndi thupi lotetezeka, chifuwa chachikulu ndi mutu waung'ono;
• choyimira;
• kupindula mwamsanga ndi kuphatikiza mazira;
• Zinyama zimadziwika ndi kusakaniza msanga ndi yunifolomu;
• chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nkhuku (94-98%);
• kuchuluka kwa nyama yoyera;
• zinthu zosadzichepetsa. Zitha kukhala zofanana ndi nkhuku zowamba.

Sungani mtundu wamabiri

Ganizirani mtundu wamba wa broilers wachikuda ndi malongosoledwe awo.

Mukudziwa? Dzira limapangidwa mkati mwa thupi la nkhuku kwa pafupi tsiku.

Msuzi wofiira

Chombo ichi chinalimbikitsidwa ndi obereketsa Chingerezi poyenda nkhuku ziwiri - Chi Malaysia ndi Cornish:

1. Kuchokera kwa makolo a kumenyana kumenyana amakhala ndi miyendo yamphamvu ndi minofu yabwino.

Mitundu yotsutsana ya nkhuku ndi monga Sumatra, wankhondo wa ku America, bantamki, Chamo, Kulangi.

2. Mitundu ya maonekedwe a matani ofiira a bulauni, kawirikawiri mtundu woyera umapezeka.
3. Mitunduyi yambiri, mofanana ndi maulonda onse, imathamanga mwamsanga. Pakatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, akazi amalemera pafupifupi makilogalamu atatu, ndipo amuna - pafupifupi 4.5 makilogalamu.
4. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amakhala ndi dzira, monga nkhuku za kayendedwe ka dzira. Choyamba chimayamba kuchokera pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
5. Red Bro ndi wodzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino. Zomwe zimasinthidwa kuti zizikhala bwino nthawi zonse, zimatha kukhala nkhuku zosavuta.
6. Iwo samadya chakudya chochuluka ndipo akhoza kudya chakudya cha khalidwe losiyana.
7. Amatha kusungidwa bwino kumbuyo.
8. Amakhala ndi zakudya zokoma, koma amawoneka bwino.

Master gray

Mitundu ya mabala achikudawa anafalikira ndi French:

1. Mitundu ya nthenga imakhala yoyera, imatha kukhala woyera.
2. Izi ndi nkhuku za nyama ndi mazira.
3. Iwo ndi olimba ndi odzichepetsa ndipo akhoza kusungidwa mu zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mu zochitika zochepa kuyenda. Iwo ali ndi chiwopsezo cha nkhuku chopambana cha 98%.
4. Amadziwika ndi kusakaniza msanga - nkhuku zimayamba kupereka mazira kuchokera kwa miyezi inayi. Amuna amatha kufika makilogalamu asanu ndi awiri, ndipo akazi amalemera makilogalamu 4.
5. Nyama yawo ndi yokoma, yotsika mafuta, koma siuma.
6. Mazira a nkhuku ndi okwera, pamtunda wa mitundu ya dzira.

Zimphona za ku Hungary

Mtundu uwu unabzalidwa ku Hungary pamene akudutsa Orlington ndi mitundu yamba:

1. Iwo ali ndi thupi lalikulu la squat ndi mtundu wa nthenga za mtundu wofiira ndi wofiira. Mu khola, mtundu wa nthenga kumbuyo kumakhala mdima, ndipo mumchira nthawi zambiri mumakhala nthenga zakuda.
2. Chochepa, chisa chosatchulidwa, mutu wofiira wopanda nthenga.
3. Amuna akuluakulu a ku Hungary amadzichepetsa kwambiri moti amatsutsana bwino ndi nkhuku yoyamba nkhuku. Amalekerera kuzizira chifukwa cha makulidwe akuluakulu. Amatha kusunga zinthu.
4. Mitundu ya mtundu uwu siinataya chibadwa chawo chodetsa nkhawa ndipo ndi amayi abwino. Amadyetsa nkhuku moyenera ndipo amawasamalira akabadwa. Nkhuku zomwe zimakhalapo ndi 98%.
5. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti chakudya cha mbalamezi chiyenera kukhala ndi mapuloteni okwanira, pokhapokha phindu lolemera silidzakhala lolimba. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokonzekera. Mtundu uwu umalekerera kusintha kwa chakudya, chakudya chobiriwira chimapatsidwa kwa iwo kokha monga chowonjezera. Kwa nkhuku ndi nkhuku zodya nyama, ndi bwino kupanga chakudya chosiyana, chifukwa nkhuku zowonjezera kwambiri zimayamba kudwala kwambiri.
6. Ali ndi dzira lapamwamba ndikuyamba kuthamanga pa miyezi 4-5. Amafulumira kulemera. Chikuku cha miyezi itatu chikulemera 2 kg, ndipo theka la chaka iwo afika kale kulemera kwake.

Nkhuku za chimanga

• Nkhuku za Cornish zimakhala zolemera kwambiri ndipo zimakhala zodzichepetsa. Pakadutsa milungu isanu ndi iwiri, chimanga cha Cornish chimakhala cholemera pafupifupi 2 kg.
• Mtundu uwu ukhoza kusungidwa muzikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana ndikuupatsanso chakudya choyenera. Pakani ndi kuyamba kuthamangira miyezi 7 mpaka 9, koma musakhale osiyana ndi mazira a mkulu, mazirawo ali ndi zipolopolo zobiriwira za brownish. M'chaka chachinai cha moyo, mazira akugwa.
• Poika nkhuku, chilengedwe chimakhala bwino, koma chisacho chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamala, pamene iwo amateteza ana awo, ngakhale kuti ali ndi khalidwe labwino. Nkhumba za nkhuku zomwe zimapezeka ndi mazira ndi 70%, koma chiwerengero cha achinyamata omwe adachipeza ndichokwera kwambiri.

Mukudziwa? Uwu ndiwo mtundu woyamba wa broilers woweta kuyambira 1930s. Pa mapangidwe a mtundu wa "Cornish" ("Cornish") adachita nawo "Old English Fighter", "Red Azil" ndi "Malaysian" mtundu. Pamene anadutsa ndi nkhuku za mtundu wa "White Plymouth", mtanda wopindulitsa wokhala ndi kulemera kwabwino komanso nyama yabwino kwambiri.

• Nkhukuzi zimakhala zowonjezereka kwambiri ndipo chakudya chiyenera kumangidwa kwa iwo.

Foxy chick

Dzina la ma broilerswa amatembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi monga "nkhuku ya nkhandwe" chifukwa cha matanthwe a lalanje omwe amapezeka mu nkhuku za nkhukuzi. Popeza anabweretsedwa kwa ife kuchokera ku Hungary, amatchedwanso nkhuku za Hungary.

Mitundu iyi ndi ya nyama ndi dzira.

Mitundu ya nkhuku ya nkhuku imaphatikizapo anthu monga ambuye, velzumer, gray Kyrgyz, Moscow wakuda, galan, California imvi, Bress gal, tetra.

Icho chiri ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri ndi okhutira. Ali ndi zaka 42, nkhuku zambiri za Foxy Chick ndi 1.37 kg. Mankhwalawa akhoza kusungidwa ngati nkhuku zowonongeka, ndipo zimakhala zabwino kwa mlimi.

Tsitsi losiyidwa

Mtundu uwu ndi wamba ku Germany ndi ku Romania, kumene kumayambira sikudziwika. Mbali yake yosiyana kwambiri ndi khosi lamaliseche, chifukwa cha zomwe zimatchedwa ngakhale wamaliseche. Mtundu wa mphuno ukhoza kukhala uliwonse.

Chizindikiro cha nkhuku za Naked Neck ndizomwe amavomereza kuti zikhale zotentha. M'nyengo yozizira, kupanga mazira pafupifupi sikugwera. Izi ndi nkhuku zazikulu-zowirira mkati mwa nyama ndi mazira. Nkhuku zimalimbikitsa nkhuku, ndipo chiwerengero cha anawo ndi chachikulu kwambiri.

Odzichepetsa kudyetsa, koma zizindikiro zabwino zomwe ziyenera kukhala zabwino ziyenera kukhala zokwanira ndipo ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana. Nyama iyi imafuna kuyenda. Poyenda, amatha kubwezeretsa chakudya chake ndi chakudya chodyetserako ziweto, chomwe chimapulumutsa chakudya china. Pa kutentha pansipa -15 ° C kuyenda kumachepetsedwa.

Kukonzekera

Zisonyezero za zokolola za mtundu wa broilers zimaperekedwa mu tebulo:

Zamkatimu

Kuti apeze maulendo apamwamba kuchokera kwa mtundu wa ma broilers, ayenera kuperekedwa ndi zinthu zoyenera ndi kudyetsedwa bwino.

Malamulo okula

Pamene mukukula ma broilers a mitundu yopanda firi, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:

• Malo a chipinda chokonzekera ayenera kukhala aakulu. Pakati pa mita imodzi imodzi silingakhale nkhuku khumi kapena khumi ndi atatu;
• m'nyengo yachisanu ndi yozizira, khola liyenera kukhala lopsa;
• chifukwa kuunikira kofunika mu chipindachi kumafunika mawindo pa mlingo wa 1 sq. mamita pa 10 sqm mamita pansi;
• kumafuna kupezeka kwa odyetsa ndi oledzera. Kudyetsa nkhumba miyeso ikhale 10 cm pa nkhuku. Kumwa mbale kumakhala koyeretsedwa nthawi zonse ndikuonetsetsa kuti madzi akumwa ndi atsopano;
• kutentha kwa masiku oyambirira kwa anapiye ayenera kukhala pafupi + 25 ° C, ndiyeno masiku asanu ndi awiri onse amachepetsa ndi 2 ° C. Njira yabwino yosunga nkhuku akulu ndi 12-18 ° C;
• chipinda chiyenera kukhala mpweya wokwanira, koma pakadali pano pasakhale chojambula, dampness;
• kuunikira kuyenera kukhala kokwanira, pafupi maola 13-14;
• udzu, utuchi, peat ndi zabwino kwambiri zogona. Malondawa amafunika kutsukidwa pamene akukhala wodetsedwa, ndipo malo okwanira amachotsedwa kamodzi pachaka;
• Muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa ukhondo wa nkhuku. Chipinda chokhala ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo chiyenera kuperekedwa kamodzi pachaka.

N'zotheka kukhala ndi ma broilers a mtundu osati m'nyumba ya nkhuku komanso mumaselo.

Kutentha kwambiri kumayambitsa chimfine ku nkhuku, makamaka kwa achinyamata. Ngati mbalame zimayamba chifuwa, ndikofunika kutentha chipinda, kuyang'anira mpweya wabwino. Pankhaniyi nkhuku zimapatsidwa mankhwala monga "Tetramisol 10", "Baykoks", "Enroksil" ndi ena. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda owopsa omwe angachititse imfa ya nkhuku, katemera wa nkhuku uyenera kuchitika nthawi yake.

Vuto lina lofala ndi matenda a phazi. Ngati nkhuku zimayamba kuuma, ndiye kuti ndizofunika kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli. Izi zikhoza kukhala chakudya chosauka bwino, kusowa kapena kupitirira mchere ndi mavitamini, nkhungu ndi zina zotero.

Ngati chifukwatu ndi chosowa cha calcium, ndiye kuti nyama ndi fupa, mafupa a miyala yamagazi, zipolopolo, eggshell zowonongeka zimayikidwa ku chakudya. Sizingakhale zopanda pake kuwonjezera mkaka, mkaka wowawasa, whey ku zakudya.

Zidzakhala zowonjezera kuwonjezera nsomba yaiwisi pa zakudya - mankhwalawa amathandiza kuti phindu liwonjezeke ndikuwonjezera dzira kupanga.

Phunzirani momwe mungalimbikitsire mazira ku nkhuku m'nyengo yozizira komanso mavitamini otani pa izi.

Zifukwa zowonjezera kulemera kwa nyama zinyama zingakhale izi:

• chosayenera chozizira;
• malo aakulu kwambiri kuti nkhuku ziziyenda;
• kusowa kwa mapuloteni ndi zofunika amino acid.

Zifukwa za imfa ya achinyamata angakhale awa:

• kuwala;
• kutaya mpweya wabwino ndi dampness wambiri;
• Mkhalidwe wosasamala ndi kusowa kwa disinfection ya chipinda, feeders, madzi okwanira, madzi onyansa kwa kumwa;
• kusowa katemera;
• Kusamalidwa bwino m'masiku oyambirira a moyo - sanapereke mankhwala oletsa antibiotics ndi mavitamini;
• matenda a coccidiosis kapena colibacillosis;
• kusowa zakudya.

Ndikofunikira! Zomwe zimachititsa kuti mbalame zisawonongeke zimakhala zowala kwambiri za malo osungirako zakudya komanso kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi.

Zakudya

Mabililers ndi ofunika kudyetsa bwino. Zabwino zokwanira za broilers zamitundu yoyenera fakitale yoyenera chakudya. Lili ndi mapuloteni oyenerera, mavitamini ndi mchere omwe amapereka kuwonjezeka kwa kulemera kwa nyama zinyama.

Akuluakulu odyetserako ziweto ayenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika, panthawi inayake - katatu patsiku. Nkhuku zimadyetsedwa kawirikawiri - masiku 10 oyambirira maola awiri alionse, kuyambira masiku 11 mpaka 45 maola atatu aliwonse, ndiye ana amadyetsedwa maola 4 alionse.

Chakudya chachikulu cha broilers cha mitundu yamitundu ndizo zigawo zotsatirazi:

• kudyetsa mbewu za tirigu (tirigu, oats, mapira, chimanga, nthambi, etc.);

• mphutsi ndi mphutsi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa mu zakudya 2-3 pa sabata;
• chosokoneza chakudya;
• zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zophika kapena zakuda (karoti, mbatata, kabichi, beets, zukini, etc.);
• masamba ndi udzu (nettle, knotweed, clover, etc.);
• phala losakaniza.

Chakudya cha ojambula achikuda chingakhale chokha, pogwiritsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Mbeu ya tirigu yosweka - 400 g;
• tirigu wosweka tirigu - 200 g;
• oats - 100 g;
• chodulidwa cha barele - 50 g;
• keke ya mpendadzuwa - 150 g;
• kanyumba kakang'ono ka mafuta kakang'ono - 200 g;
• nsomba kapena nyama ndi fupa chakudya - 60 g;
• yisiti chifukwa chophika - 2 g

Zosakanizidwazo zimasakanizidwa bwino ndi yogurt, whey, kapena madzi osachepera. Kusakaniza kumeneku kumaperekedwa pa mlingo wa 10-40 magalamu pa nkhuku, malingana ndi msinkhu wake.

Ndikofunikira! Buckwheat ndi mpunga kuti azidyetsa nkhuku ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi tirigu wophika, monga zofiira zomwe zimawomba mu nkhuku za nkhuku. Ndipo amafunika kupereka zambiri zochepa.

Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi omwe amamwa nthawi zonse amakhala abwino, komanso nthawi zonse atsopano, kupeŵa mavuto m'matumbo. Pakakhala chisanu, zimalimbikitsa kutentha madzi ena.

Nkhuku zikulimbikitsidwa kuti mupereke 1-2 magalamu a yisiti iliyonse kuti mupindule kwambiri.

Mosiyana ndi odyetsa ayenera kukhala mchenga wambiri kapena miyala yabwino. Zigawozi zimapangitsa kuti zakudya zizikhala bwino, komanso zimapangitsanso kusintha kachipangizo kake komanso kuchepetsa maonekedwe a cuticle.

Sasso - mtundu wamafuta

Kuwonjezeka kwakukulu tsopano kukukhala mtundu wa mtundu wa ma broilers Sasso.

Chofunika kwambiri

Mtundu wa Sasso broiler unalengedwa ndi obereketsa achifalansa.

Makhalidwe apadera a mtunduwu ndi awa:

• mutu wawung'ono;
• chifuwa chachikulu;
• thupi lamphamvu, koma lochepa. khungu lachikasu;
• mizere yamphamvu ya chikasu;
• mtundu wofiira mu maula;
• chisa, komanso ndolo zazing'ono;
• mapiko;
• Mtengo waung'ono wa kuwala.

Mbali yapadera ya anapiye a mtundu uwu wa nyama ndi owopsa, koma miyendo yochepa. Chikuya msinkhu wa tsiku ndi tsiku nthawizonse amakhala ndi mtundu woyera.

Mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma broilers imapindulitsa kwambiri.

Nkhuku zimakhala zolemera pafupifupi 4 makilogalamu, ndipo amuna akuluakulu ali pakati pa 6 ndi 7 kg. Pa miyezi iwiri, achinyamata amatha kulemera kwa makilogalamu 2-3 ndipo amatha kutenga nyama. Nkhuku zamtundu uwu zimakhala zolemera mwakuthupi popanda zowonjezera zowonjezera - masana pafupifupi 60 magalamu.

Mbali imeneyi ya mtunduwu imapangitsa kukonda kwamalonda kukhala kokopa kwambiri, chifukwa kuli kubwereza mwamsanga pazogulitsa.

Mbewu za Sasso zimasiyananso ndi kupanga mazira abwino - pafupifupi zidutswa 300 pa chaka. Koma ziyenera kudziwa kuti, poyerekezera ndi mitundu ina, nkhukuzi zimayamba kuika mazira mochedwa msinkhu wa miyezi 6-8, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zitatha chaka chimodzi.

Momwe mungakulire

Broilers Sasso akubala mosamalitsa mu chisamaliro ndi chakudya.

Koma, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti phindu lolemera ndi kuzira kwa nkhukuzi, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:

• kutentha kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala + 18 ° C;
• Kupatsa mpweya wabwino ndi kupeza mpweya watsopano, koma payenera kukhala palibe zojambula;
• sayenera kukhala yonyowa mu chipinda;
• kuyang'anitsitsa kuuma ndi ukhondo wa chipinda - kukaniza chipinda nthawi yake, kuyang'ana ukhondo wa odyetsa ndi omwa, komanso kuyeretsa kwa nthawi yake ndikusintha malita;
• Chitani nthawi zonse kuyenda mumsewu.

Zimene mungadye

Zakudya za Sasso nkhuku zimasintha ndizosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nyama. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuti mbalame zimadya kudya. Akuluakulu ayenera kudyetsedwa katatu patsiku. Zakudya zopangidwa ndi mafakitale zopangidwa bwino, zomwe zimaphatikizapo zakudya zonse, mavitamini ndi minerals.

Zakudya zoterezi, kulingalira za msinkhu wawo ndi kukula kwake, zikuyamba, kukula ndi kumaliza. Chotsalira chokha ndicho mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amapanga chakudya chawo.

Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za zakudya ndizo chakudya chotsatira:

• Zosakaniza za tirigu - tirigu, oats, mapira, chimanga, balere, nthambi;
• mpendadzuwa;
• zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba;
• masamba ndi udzu;
• tchizi;
• nyama ndi fupa chakudya kapena nsomba;
• yisiti ya wophika mkate;
• phala losakaniza.

Zosakaniza zambewu zimathandiza popanga mkaka kapena kefir.

M'masiku oyambirira, nkhuku zimapatsidwa mazira ophika bwino, ndi pambuyo pa tirigu wophwanyika.

Mu masiku 14, mukhoza kulowa mu mbatata yophika chakudya, keke kapena mphukira. Kupereka mavitamini ndi minerals zofunika.

Kuti apangidwe mafupa ndi mphamvu ya mafupa, m'pofunika kupereka choko, nsomba, mkaka.

Zimabweretsa ubwino

Otsatsa ndi alimi ambiri amasankha Sasso broilers kuti abereke chifukwa cha zotsatirazi:

• kukana matenda ambiri;
• kulimba mtima ndi kupulumuka;
• kukolola kwakukulu;
• kupindula mwamsanga;
• chisanu kukana;
• chisamaliro;
• mtengo wotsika;
• kupezeka ndi ndalama zomveka;
• kwambiri kukoma kwa nyama.

Zojambulajambulazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupindula kwawo kolemera kwambiri komanso kupanga dzira lalikulu. Iwo ndi odzichepetsa, ndipo amatha kusunga nkhuku wamba. Kuti ubwerere kuchokera ku mitundu iyi, chakudya chawo ndi kukonzekera bwino ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa.

Kuchita bwino kwapamwamba kumawonekera mtundu wa Sasso. Popeza kuti ma broilers ndi osakanizidwa, pakubereka kwawo nthawi ndi nthawi zimayenera kugula nsomba zazing'ono kapena mazira a mitundu iyi.