Pakati pa maseŵera a masewera a mbalame malo osiyana amakhala ndi mpikisano. Nkhunda za masewera kapena mtundu wa positi amaloledwa kutenga nawo mbali. Mbalame ziyenera kuuluka kuchokera kumayambiriro kupita kumapiri awo mofulumira. Mpikisano woterewu wafala padziko lonse lapansi - ku Asia, Europe, America. Kuti kuthandizidwa kwa mbalameyi kukhale kofunikira kudzafunikira mphamvu, chipiriro, teknoloji. Kwa mafuko amalonda okha oimira mitundu ina amaloledwa, ndipo ndi ati - tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Chiyambi cha maulendo a nkhunda
Zaka zikwi zingapo zapitazo, anthu adawona mbali ya njiwa yobwerera ku chisa chawo. Luso limeneli linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti lidziwe zambiri kuchokera kumalo omenyera nkhondo, misewu ya anthu oyendetsa galimoto komanso maulendo apanyanja. 
M'masiku amasiku ano, makalata a njiwa alephera kufunika kwake, ndipo kutha kubwerera kunyumba kwake kunayambitsa kuyambira kwa masewera a anthu omwe kale anali akuluakulu a boma.
Otsatsa a njiwa a ku China amakhulupirira kuti mpikisano wa njiwa inayamba m'dziko lawo zaka zoposa 2,000 zapitazo, koma kenako adafa, ndipo chidwi chatsopano cha masewerawa chinayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Werengani malongosoledwe a mitundu ndi mitundu ya njiwa, komanso mtundu wanji wa njiwa ndi nyama, kumenyana, kwabwino, ku malo.
Kuchokera mu 1900, mitundu imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa masewera ovomerezeka a Olimpiki. Kuthamanga kumtunda kungakhale kuyambira 100 mpaka 1000 km mu njira yolunjika kapena zopinga. Poyendetsa njirayo, kuvuta kwa njira ndi mphepo zomwe zikupezeka m'dera la ndege zimaganiziridwa.
Mpikisano ukhoza kuchitika potsatira mipingo ya m'madera golubevodstva, kudziko lonse, komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Masewerawa ndi apamwamba kwambiri: nkhunda imakhala ndi chipangizo chapadera - wotchi yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a pakompyuta omwe amakulolani kuti muyang'anire njirayo. 
Kupikisana kumawoneka kudzera pa webusaiti yamoyo. Nthaŵi yobwereza ya mbalame iliyonse kumalo ake oyamwitsa imayikidwa ndi zipangizo zamagetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa tanthauzo la wopambana monga momveka bwino. Pali mitundu ya ophunzira, masewera ndi kennels.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi liwiro la ndege, njiwa zimakhala zachinayi padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa whale wakupha, ntchentche ndimeza. Koma nkhunda ndi imodzi yokha yomwe ili pafupi kutsimikizika kuti ipite ku chisa chake.
Ndi mitundu iti yomwe ikukhudzidwa
Masiku ano kubereketsa mbalame kubereketsa ndizomwe zimapanga mitundu yambiri. Zinyumba zonse zimakhala ndi zolembera zawadi zawo.
Choncho, mauthenga apakompyuta a China a golubevodov amasonyeza malo onse omwe alipo ku China ndi kunja, amapereka zokhudzana ndi njira zomwe zimakhudzidwa, mbalame zobereketsa, maphwando omwe mbalamezi zimagwira nawo, zomwe zimayenda maulendo oyendayenda, komanso mauthenga okhudza maina awo. 
Mzinda wa Belgium
Belgium ndi kholo la mapikisheni amasiku ano. Mpikisano woyamba unachitika mu 1840 ndi mtunda wa makilomita 320. Nthano imanena kuti alimi a nkhuku a ku Belgium anadutsa njiwa yomwe ili ndi nyanjayi kuti ipange bwino kwambiri.
Ochita kafukufuku ku Belgium amakhulupirira kuti njiwa zawo zinali chifukwa cha kudutsa kwa anthu omwe adachokera ku nkhondo.
Ndikofunikira! Paulendo wa ndege, maso a nkhunda amawoneka kuti ali ndi mphamvu, choncho mbalame zokhala ndi maso opunduka sizikhoza kuchita nawo mpikisano. Chotsatira chabwino chimapereka mbalame yomwe maso ake ali ophimbidwa ndi maso, komanso kukula kwa khungu kozungulira.
Mbalame ya mtundu wowerengedwerayo ndi ya kukula kwapakati, yofanana ndi yachizolowezi imvi, ndi mapiko a mdima wonyezimira kuposa thupi. Mapazi saloledwa. Ndi mbalamezi zomwe zolemba zamakono ndizofulumira kuthawa komanso mtengo wa mapepalawo. 
Chilankhulo cha Chingerezi
Makolo a ntchito ya Chingerezi amaganizira za Baghdad ndevu ndi ntchito ya ku Asia, yochokera ku magazi akale a ku Persia. Mbali yapadera ya mbalamezi ndi mulomo wautali, wolunjika ndi korona wofewa. Ziri zazikulu, ndi thupi lalitali, loonda, pafupifupi loyang'ana, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ndondomeko ya mtunduwu inavomereza mitundu itatu yokha:
- woyera;
- wakuda
- zofiirira.
Moscow monk
Chiyambi cha dzina la mtunduwo mwachionekere chimabwerera ku njira yopulumukira - mbalamezi zimawuluka ndi kudyetsa zokha, kapena kuchokera ku mtundu wa mtundu. Ndi nkhunda yoyera yomwe imakhala ndi mchira wosiyana ndi chipewa pamutu pake.
Mchira ndi kapu zingakhale:
- wakuda
- khofi;
- chikasu
Mukudziwa? Mu 1870 ofesi yapadera ya nkhunda inagwira ntchito ku Paris.
Mutu umakongoletsedwanso ndi kachilombo kakang'ono. Malamulowa ndi ogwirizana, kukwera kwake kumakhala kochepetsetsa, thupi limakhala lochepa, mphukira ndi yowirira komanso yowuma. Nkhondo yatha pambuyo pa nkhondo, osankhidwa a amonke a ku Moscow anachititsa kuti deta yapamwamba ikhale yabwino komanso kuwonongeka kwa makhalidwe a ndege. 
Tape Turman
Kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa masiku obadwa kuchokera mu 1687 chaka. Tapezani tani - Rzhev. Kujambula zithunzi kungakhale kulikonse, koma mbali yosiyana ya mtunduwu ndi makani ambiri mumchira.
Mbalamezi ndi zazikulu, zokhala ndi mutu komanso mutu wothandizira. Mkati mwa mtunduwo pali mitundu ndi popanda popanda tuft. Anthu a ku Turmans adatsimikizira okha osati masana komanso usiku.
Mukudziwa? Nkhunda ya nkhumba si mtundu wosiyana, koma imatanthawuza mtundu wa mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njiwa ya nkhunda: English Quarry, Brussels, Antwerp, Lyuttikh.
Dzina la Chingerezi la woyendayenda ndilokugwedezeka, limapezeka kuti lithe kukwanitsa kupanga maulendo ambirimbiri. Mbalamezi ndi mbalame zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimayenda bwino komanso zimakongoletsa. Panthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, anthu ambiri anavutika kwambiri, ndipo ntchito ikuyambanso kubwezeretsa ziweto. 
Damasiko
Nkhunda za Damasko zimachokera ku Syria kapena Turkey. Akatswiri ena amanena kuti mtundu umenewu unali wodziwika kwa mafarao akale zaka 5,000 zapitazo. Dzina lofanana ndi mbalameyi ndi njiwa ya Yerusalemu.
Wina, dzina lakummawa la mtunduwo ndi njiwa ya Mohammed, ndipo dzina lakuti "Damasko" linagwedezeka chifukwa chakuti mbalamezi zinabweretsedwa ku England kuchokera ku Damasiko.
Dziwitseni nokha ndi zochitika zapakhomo pokhala pakhomo ngati nkhuku zodziwika bwino, nkhondo ya ku Nikolaev, nkhondo ya Turkey, nkhondo ya Baku, nkhondo ya Turkmen, Uzbek, volga tape, tipplers, Armavir, Kasan, nkhunda ya nkhuku.
Thupi ndilolingana, lamasewero, lachifuwa, ndi minofu yopangidwa bwino, mchira ndi wautali wautali, ma paws sagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbalameyi ili ndi mutu waukulu wokhala ndi mulu waifupi. Mtundu wa njiwa imakhala yoyambirira - mtundu wonyezimira wa mapiko umasanduka mdima, nthenga zambiri zakuda. Pamwamba pa mchira umakongoletsedwa ndi mzere wakuda wakuda. 
Tula hot turman
Mbali ya mtundu uwu ndi mafunde - mtundu wake umatchedwa chitumbuwa. Mapeto a nthenga za mchira amakongoletsedwa ndi mizere yoyera ndi magalasi oyera pa nthenga za mapiko. Akuthawa, mafundewa amawunikira bwino kwambiri, ndipo amamupatsa epithet - "hot".
Ndikofunikira! Pakati pa makulitsidwe, azimayi ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti apuma mokwanira. Nkhuku za nkhumba mu nthawi iyi zikhale 60% balere.
Malingana ndi mfundo zina, Tula turman anachotsedwa ku Tape turman m'zaka za zana la 17. Izi ndi mbalame zochepa kwambiri. Mutu wa njiwa imakongoletsedwa ndi chimwala. Mutu si waukulu, khosi liri lalitali, mofanana. Mbalameyi yatulukira minofu, yaying'ono yopanda kudulidwa. 
Kalot
Caloth ndi mtundu wa nkhunda. Iwo samaika zolemba za ndege, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe "kunja." Nkhunda zimauluka m'magulu pamtunda wapakatikati. Mbalameyi ndi yapakatikatikati, kukula kwake kumagwirizana, kufanana, ndi chifuwa chodzaza.
Zomwe zimachitika kumbuyo kwa mtengowu zimakhala mchira wokongola. Kaŵirikaŵiri mafunde a nkhunda ndi oyera.
German Elster
German Elsters ndi mitundu yokongoletsera. Mtundu wa maonekedwe awiriwo unapanganso dzina lina - Carapace, chifukwa mvula ya mutu ndi mbuzi imakhala yamdima - khofi, wakuda wakuda, ndi zina zotero.
Mtundu uli wodzazidwa, wopanda mthunzi wa extraneous. Thupi ndilokulu, lofanana. Mutu ndi waung'ono, wopapatiza, ndi khosi laling'ono kwambiri. Mapikowa ndi osakanikirana, otalika, okwanira bwino thupi. Mchirawo ndi wopapatiza. Pa chiyambi cha deta yachibadwidwe palibe. 
Pigeon kuthamanga
Maulendo a Pigeon ndi maseŵera omwe mbalame ziyenera kuuluka kuchokera kumodzi, ndipo atatha kuwuluka njira ina, abwere kunyumba. Nthawi yobwera ku chisa chakumidzi imayikidwa ndi zipangizo zamagetsi paulendo wa mbalameyo.
Kuchokera kutalika kwa msewu ndi nthawi yopulumukiratu imatsimikiziridwa ndi liwiro. Njiwa yofulumira kwambiri imatchulidwa kuti ndi yopambana.
Mukudziwa? Kufalitsidwa kwa "Globe tsiku ndi tsiku" pofalitsa nkhani yokhudza nkhunda kunanenetsa kuti mauthenga amakono, omwe satsimikiziranso kuti ndizomwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri, akhoza kupereka njiwa yoberekera kubereka kachiwiri.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimatha kutenga nawo mpikisano kuchokera pa miyezi 6, ndipo zimayamba kumuphunzitsa kuchokera miyezi iwiri. Mbalame zimakhala zaka pafupifupi 20, koma ntchito ya masewera ndi zaka zisanu zokha. Kuwonjezera apo, atsogoleri a mafuko amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kubereka ana ndi kuwongolera zikhalidwe za mtundu. 
M'mayiko omwe ndi otchuka
Mitundu imachitika m'mayiko ambiri. Atsogoleriwa ndi Belgium, UK, France, USA, Taiwan, China.
Kodi mafuko ali bwanji?
Panjira yamtunduwu, ochita nawo mpikisano amalembedwa, amavala mphete zapadera ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zomwe zidzalembera kufika pa dovecot. Chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka GPS, mpikisano ukhoza kuyang'aniridwa kudzera pa intaneti pa intaneti.
Otsutsana akubweretsedwa kumayambiriro ndi masewera apadera ndipo amamasulidwa. Mbalame zowuluka zikuuluka mpaka kumalo otsiriza okwera.
Mpikisano ukhoza kuchitikira onse m'mayiko amodzi ndikukhala ndi mayiko ena. Kutalika kwa njirayo kungakhale pamakilomita 100 mpaka 1000 ndikukhala mbali yolunjika ya njira kapena zotsalira, mwachitsanzo, English Channel. 
Ku China, kunyumba kwa mafani ambiri a njiwa. Kuphatikizanso, thumba lopatsidwa mphotho yachitsulo cha Chinese ndilopamwamba kwambiri, lomwe limalimbikitsa chitukuko cha masewerawa.
Chifukwa chake, China imapanga njira zowonjezereka mu mpikisanowu:
- limodzi;
- mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magulu angapo;
- magetsi;
- Ntchito yobereketsera kuti ziwoneke bwino zamasamba a njiwa.
Momwe mungasunge nkhunda
Zomwe zili ndizo zakudya, chisamaliro ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Palibe zakudya zapadera zomwe zimapangidwira othamanga. Mtengo umaphatikizapo tirigu, balere, oats, mapira, komanso amagwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokonzekera.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti muphunzire momwe mungasamalire nkhunda kunyumba, momwe mungathere nkhunda, nkhunda zomwe zimadya kunyumba, momwe mungasunge nkhunda m'nyengo yozizira.
Mbeu za mpendadzuwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Zakudya zingakhale zouma ndi zowonongeka. Onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito mavitamini complexes ndi mankhwala opatsirana. Zakudya zizikhala katatu. 
Nkhunda zobereka zimalembedwa m'buku lapadera, pamene mbalame imalandira nambala, ndipo timadontho timene timayika pamphepete mwake, yomwe imaphatikizidwa pa mphete, ikani pamzere wamanzere.
Poyamba, atabereka, anapiye sangathe kuthandizidwa, ndipo makolo awo amawadyetsa. Pa tsiku la 35, anyamatawa amaikidwa mu dovecot yosiyana. Panthawi imeneyi, ayenera kukumbukira nyumbayo ndi mwiniwake, mwinamwake mbalameyo ikhoza kutayika ndipo osabwerera ku chisa.
Mukudziwa? Zimakhulupirira kuti banja la Rothschild limapereka chuma chake kwa nkhunda. Chifukwa cha mbalame iyi, Nathan Rothschild analandira mbiri ya zotsatira za nkhondo ya Waterloo (1814) masiku awiri m'mbuyomo, zomwe zinamuloleza kuti apite patsogolo pachitetezo, ndipo izi zinabweretsa mapaundi 40 miliyoni.
Pambuyo pake, iwo amaphunzitsidwa kubwerera ku nyumba yawo ya njiwa, nthawi iliyonse yowonjezera mtunda. M'chaka choyamba cha ntchito, njiwa ikhoza kutenga nawo mbali pa mpikisano wa maulendo ang'onoang'ono, komanso pamtunda wautali - osati zaka zisanu zisanachitike kuyamba masewera. Ndibwino kuti tiphunzitse amuna ndi akazi okhaokha. 
Zolemba
Kutenga nawo nkhunda zonyamulira mu mpikisano ndi kutumiza makalata kumapanga zolembedwa zosiyana:
- Ndege yothamanga kwambiri m'mbiri yakale inalembedwa mu 1939 ngati njiwa pamene inali kuthawa kuchokera ku Vietnam kupita ku France. Mbalameyi inadzaza makilomita 11265 m'masiku 8.
- Panthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko lapansi, njiwa inali 888 ndipo inapatsidwa udindo wa koloneli.
- Mpikisano wochuluka wa njiwa yomwe inachitikira ku Taiwan - ilipo pafupifupi 100 pa sabata.
- Makilomita ambiri ananyamuka nkhunda yotchedwa Brazil Beauty. Chiwerengero chake ndi makilomita 41,000.
- Kutalika kwa njiwa kumafikira mamita 1500.
- Liwiro la ndege ndilo 70 km / h, chifukwa mtundu wa masewera ndi pafupifupi makilomita 100 / h.
Mbalame zomwe zimakhala ndi makhalidwe okwera ndege zinapangidwa mwa kubala kalekale. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa mitundu imabweretsa masiku athu. Nkhunda zotulutsa zokolola za mpikisano kapena zokopa zokonetsera kuti ziwonetsedwe zingakhale bizinesi yokondweretsa komanso yopindulitsa.
