Mbuzi za ng'ombe zoyera

Ng'ombe pafupifupi mitundu yonse imawoneka ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu ndi phindu lolemera panthawi ya kukula. Ena a iwo ali ndi zizindikiro zabwino zopangira mkaka.

Auliekol

Mbiri yosokoneza: Mu 1962, ku Kazakhstan, obereketsa adasankha kupanga ng'ombe yamtundu wa ng'ombe, osati zochepetsedwa ndi zofuna za nyama ndi zokolola. Pochita izi, iwo ankachita mndandanda wa mitanda ya anthu m'mabuku awa:

Woyera wa Kazakh,
Charolais,
angelo

Chotsatira chake, mu 1992, mtundu wa auliekol unavomerezedwa, ndipo mu 2016 panali kale ziweto za anthu opitirira 10,000.

Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi zikhulupiliro zachihindu, pamene mvula imathira kuchokera kumwamba, mkaka wa ng'ombe yoyera yakumwamba imakhetsedwa.

Maonekedwe: Ng'ombe za Auliekol zakhala zikugwirizana ndi mitundu itatu yoyambirira:

milky imvi mtundu - kuchokera Charolais;
nyama zamtengo wapatali wa marble ndi nthawi yochepa msinkhu (miyezi 12-14) - kuchokera ku mtundu wa Angus;
kupirira ndi kusintha kwa zikhalidwe - kuchokera ku Kazakh woyera-mutu.

Zizindikiro za kunja kwa ng'ombe ndi akazi a auliekol mtundu:

minofu ndi thupi lalikulu;
mafupa amphamvu;
chest girth - 2 mamita 44 cm;
mutu waukulu pa khosi lalifupi;
kutalika kwafota: kwa amuna - masentimita 141, kwa akazi - 130 cm;
khungu lachisanu (mu mitundu ina - 3-wosanjikiza);
kugogoda pansi ndi ubweya wofiira wofiira, zoweta zidzamveka pamphumi;
kulemera thupi kwa ng'ombe - pa tani imodzi, ng'ombe - mpaka 950 kg;
zinyama (70%).

Makhalidwe abwino: Ng'ombe za Auliekol zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri, mkaka wawo ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha kukoma kwake:

Magawo panthawi yopuma - mpaka makilogalamu 25 / tsiku.
Mafuta a Mkaka - 3,8-4%.
Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera - 1095 g / tsiku.
Nyama ataphedwa - 305 makilogalamu (60-63%).

Mukudziwa? Zakale kwambiri ku Ulaya, nyama, kuphatikizapo ng'ombe, zikhoza kutsatiridwa ndi lamulo lonselo. Iwo adachotsedwanso ngati chilango choopsa kwambiri.

Aquitaine woyera

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe zoyerazi - nyama, inamangidwa mu 1962 ndi asayansi a ku France ku Aquitaine (kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa France) chifukwa cha kusankhidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu itatu:

Persean,
Goransky,
Pyrenean.

Maonekedwe Ng'ombe za Aquitania:

chikhalidwe;
mtundu woyera-fawn kapena bulauni;
mtunda wautali, wogwidwa thupi ndi minofu yotchulidwa ndi mafuta ochepa;
chifuwa chachikulu, kumbuyo kuli ndi mzere wolunjika;
khosi lamphamvu liri ndi zikopa zambiri za khungu;
kakhazikika ndi zotupa khungu;
yaitali ndi zazikulu, mapiko a muscled;
kutalika kwafota - 140 cm;
mutu wopepuka ndi mphumi;
kulemera: mwamuna - 1 t 500 makilogalamu, akazi - opitirira 800 kg.

Makhalidwe abwino: Ng'ombe za Aquitaine zimatengedwa kuti zimawoneka mochedwa, choncho zimakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri ndi ntchito:

Zakudya za chaka - 11 makilogalamu.
Mafuta a Mkaka - 5,1%.
Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera - 1400-1500 g / tsiku.
Nyama ataphedwa - 69%.

Charolais

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe za Charolais zimakhala ndi mbiri ya zaka 200 - kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 18, obereketsa a ku France ankafuna kubereka anthu owonjezereka komanso osakwanira. Mwa ichi iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu iyi:

ng'ombe kuchokera kudera la France la Charolais,
Amuna achimake,
ng'ombe zazikulu zamphongo.

Lero ndi limodzi la mitundu yofunidwa kwambiri, osati ku France kokha, komanso kupitirira malire ake.

Ndikofunikira! Atsogoleri a Charolais akufunira chakudya chambiri, kotero abusa amasonyeza kuti ali ndi chakudya chokwanira kwambiri.

Maonekedwe Ng'ombe za Charolais:

Mtundu: mu ng'ombe - mthunzi wakuda, anapiye - woyera kapena imvi, ng'ombe - chipale chofewa;
Mtundu wa thupi: lalikulu, minofu, ndi mafuta ang'onoang'ono;
kutalika kwa thupi - 2.2 mamita;
kumbuyo kumbuyo;
chifuwa cholimba, 1.9m mu girth;
kutalika kwafota - 163-165 cm (amuna), akazi - 130-155 cm;
Amuna opitirira 1 t 500 makilogalamu, akazi - 1 t 100 makilogalamu;
nyanga ndi ziboda - mtundu wa sera.

Makhalidwe abwino: Chifukwa cha chitetezo champhamvu, charolais sapholes savutika kwambiri ndi matenda a tizilombo, kotero amakhala ndi moyo wopitirirabe ndi makhalidwe abwino:

Zakudya za chaka - 2700-3900 kg (pafupifupi kugwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa ana).
Mkaka wa mafuta mkaka - 4,1%.
Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera - 1200 g / tsiku
Nyama zokolola - oposa 60%.

Cow Blue Blue

Mbiri yosokoneza: Cha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, abambo a ku Belgium anayesetsa kuti nyama ndi zinyama zizikhala bwino, pogwiritsira ntchito opanga mankhwalawa:

Shorthorn,
nyama ya French.

Pothandizidwa ndi kusankha, ziweto zazikulu za thupi lochepa zidabzalidwa. Kenaka, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, obereketsa anatseka jini lomwe limachepetsa kukula kwa minofu, komanso kulimbitsa zizindikiro za nyama, chifukwa cha anthu omwe ali ndi minofu yambiri.

Werengani zokhudzana ndi kuswana kwa ng'ombe ya buluu ya Belgium.

Maonekedwe: Ng'ombe za buluu za Belgium zili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

chisangalalo;
wamphamvu, thupi lophatikizika ndi mitsempha yozungulira ndi yotchulidwa ya rump, mapewa, khosi ndi chiuno;
kumbuyo komwe;
khungu lofewa;
chovala chocheperapo ndi bluu, imvi-mawanga, chipale chofewa, nthawi zina kufiira;
miyendo yamphamvu, yolunjika, yochepa;
kutalika kwafota: mwamuna - masentimita 150, wamkazi - 140 cm;
nyama zamphongo;
kulemera: ng'ombe - kuchokera 1 t 100 kg kufika 1 t 250 kg, ng'ombe - 850-900 kg.

Mukudziwa? Asayansi atangoona ng'ombe, adapeza kuti ng'ombezo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamaginito a dziko lapansi: pokhala kumalo odyetserako ziweto, zili pambali pazitsulo zake.

Makhalidwe abwino: Chifukwa cha jini yapadera ya anthu a ku Belgium, minofu imakula m'moyo wawo wonse. Ntchito yawo:

Kuchuluka kwa mkaka pachaka - mpaka malita 4 malita 500.
Mafuta a Mkaka - 3-4%.
Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera - 1400-1500 g / tsiku.
Nyama zokolola - 67-80%.

Ng'ombe za Kostroma

Mbiri yosokoneza: Kostroma mtundu anaonekera mu XIX atumwi mu Kostroma dera. Otsatira otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakusankha:

Kholmogorsky
Wilstermarch,
Simmental,
Ayrshire
brown shvitsky.

Ntchito yosankhidwa inachitikira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1940, zotsatira zake zinali mtundu wa mkaka wa nyama.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi nyama (Highland, Kalmyk, Aberdeen-Angus) ndi nyama ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe (Shorthorn, Simmental).

Maonekedwe: Ng'ombe za Kostroma ziri ndi makhalidwe awa:

mtundu - bulauni wofiira ndi bulauni, pamtunda - utoto wachikasu;
Zinyama zikuluzikulu, ndi thupi lamphamvu komanso lopangidwa bwino;
mutu;
khungu lolimba, lakuda;
chifuwacho chinapangidwa bwino;
malo apansi ndi apamwamba;
amafota;
utali wautali;
miyendo yochepa;
ng'ombe zilemera makilogalamu 850-1200, ng'ombe - 500-650 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino: Nkhono za Kostroma zimakhala ndi mphamvu yoteteza thupi la m'thupi, zinyama zimatha kulemera ndi kubereka mkaka wokwanira. Zizindikiro:

Kuchuluka kwa mkaka pachaka - kuyambira 3900 l mpaka 5500-6500 l.
Mafuta a Mkaka - 3-4,19%.
Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera - oposa 1250 g / tsiku.
Nyama zokolola - 82%.

Ndikofunikira! Mukasunga ng'ombe zazikulu, muyenera kuganizira kukula kwa chipinda: malo abwino kwa mayi ndi ng'ombe ndi malo 18-20 mamitala. M, zomwe zikugwirizanabe ndi zakudya.

Jersey kuwala

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ichi ndi mtundu wakale wa ziweto za mkaka, wotchedwa chilumba cha Jersey mu English Channel. Palibe chidziwitso chenicheni chochokera pachiyambi. Pakati pa XIX atumwi. Buku la mafuko linalongosola za zokolola, pambuyo pake zidaperekedwa kwa anthu akulima. Lero, ng'ombe zowunikira ku Jersey zimadziwika kwambiri ku North America, Africa ndi New Zealand. Maonekedwe: Ng'ombe za Jersey ndi izi:

nthawi yayitali;
kulumikiza;
mutu wawung'ono ndi fupa lachifuwa chaching'ono ndi mbiri ya concave;
khosi lopukuta;
chozama ndi chopapatiza;
osalima bwino nkhwangwa ndi tsinde la mchira;
udder waukulu wofanana ndi bakumba;
kuwala kofiira kapena mtundu wofiira;
mu ng'ombe: miyendo ndi khosi lakuda, kubwerera ndi mzere wakuda;
kulemera kwake: 600-750 makilogalamu a ng'ombe, 400-450 makilogalamu a ng'ombe;
kutalika kwafota - 120 cm.

Makhalidwe abwino: Mazira a mtundu wa Jersey ndi okwera kwambiri, mankhwalawa ndi abwino kwambiri, ali ndi fungo lokoma komanso kukoma. Zina:

Kuchuluka kwa mkaka pachaka - mu nthawi ya lactation kuchokera 4000 mpaka 11000 l.
Mafuta a Mkaka - 4,5-5%.
Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera - 600 g / tsiku.
Nyama zokolola - 40%. Kuberekera nyama sikumagwiritsidwa ntchito konse.

Ndikofunikira! Malingana ndi alimi, ali ndi ng'ombe yololera, msolo uyenera kupita kumbuyo. Ngati ndi mawonekedwe a thupi ngati ng'ombe - musamayembekezere zokolola zapamwamba.

Ng'ombe zoyera za ku Kazakh

Mbiri yosokoneza: Ng'ombe zoyera za Kazakh zinalengedwa m'ma 1930 ndi abambo ochokera ku South-Eastern Russia ndi Kazakhstan. Kwa kuswana kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito:

Hereford
Kazakhstan,
Kalmyk.

Zotsatira zake, ng'ombe zoyera za Kazakh zimaphatikizapo kukula kwa ng'ombe zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu komanso zowonongeka kwa ng'ombe zakunja. Maonekedwe: Ng'ombe ya azungu yoyera ku Kazakh ikuwoneka ngati iyi:

mtundu wa thupi - wofiira, wokhala ndi mutu woyera, chiwindi, mbali ya m'mimba, miyendo ndi msuzi wamchira;
thumba;
omenyana kwambiri;
mitsempha yamphamvu;
mimba yabwino;
otsika, miyendo yolimba;
khungu la zotupa lili ndi minofu yabwino;
tsitsi lofewa ndi lalifupi m'chilimwe; wandiweyani ndi wautali, nthawizina wozungulira - m'nyengo yozizira;
kutalika kwafota - 125-130 cm;
chifuwa chachikulu - 45 cm;
miyendo yayitali pa scythe - 155 cm;
chest girth - 190 cm;
Khalani wolemera: ng'ombe - 950 kg, ng'ombe - 550-580 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino: Ng'ombe zoyera za ku Kazakh zimakhala zogwirizana ndi nyama ndipo zili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Kuchuluka kwa mkaka pachaka - Pakati pa 1000 mpaka 1500 l.
Mafuta a Mkaka - 3,8-4%.
Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera - 800 g / tsiku.
Nyama zokolola - 53-65%.

Fufuzani mtundu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri wa ng'ombe zazikulu za ku Kazakh.

Ayrshire woyera ndi mawanga ofiira

Mbiri yopondereza Mitunduyi imayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 18. Mu chigawo cha Ayshirsky cha South-West Scotland chifukwa cholengedwa kwake anagwiritsa ntchito anthu mwa mitundu iyi:

ng'ombe zakuda ndi zoyera
Tisvaterskoy,
Dutch
Shorthorn,
Hyland
Devoni
Hereford.

Pofika zaka za m'ma 1900, mtunduwu unali ndi mtundu woyera.

Ndikofunikira! Kwa ng'ombe za Ayshir, nyengo yozizira ndi yozizira imakhala yofunikira, chifukwa silingalekerere kutentha kwa mlengalenga: imataya zokolola ndikukhala woonda.

Maonekedwe: Ng'ombe ya Ayrshire ili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Thupi labwino ndi lalifupi lokhala ndi mzere wokwera pamwamba;
mutu wawung'ono ndi nyanga zazikulu;
chovala chachifupi;
zoyera - zoyera ndi madontho ofiira;
chachikulu ndi chifuwa;
udder anatumiza patsogolo, lalikulu;
kutalika kwafota - 130 cm;
Kulemera kwake: ng'ombe - kuyambira 700 mpaka 1000 kg, ng'ombe - 450-500 makilogalamu.

Makhalidwe abwino: Ng'ombe za Ayshir ndizozitsogolera mkaka ndikukhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

Kuchuluka kwa mkaka pachaka - mu nthawi ya lactation kuchokera ku 4500 l.
Mafuta a Mkaka - 4%.
Kupusa kwa kulemera kwa kulemera - 800 g / tsiku.
Nyama zokolola - 50-55%.

Onani mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya ng'ombe zamakaka ndi zinyama.

Dzina lakutchulidwa kwa ng'ombe yoyera

Popeza amphaka amakonda kupatsa mayina awo a ziweto, mukhoza kukhala ndi mndandanda wa mayina omwe angawathandize kuti azisunga:

Gologolo.
Whitebird.
Belyashik (kwa goby).
Bella
White White.
Dawn.
Zimka.
Snowball
Snezhanka.
Snezha.
Snowball (kwa mwamuna).
Chipale chofewa.
Manochka.
Milka

Choncho, ng'ombe zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndi zowala, zimakhala zolimba komanso zowonongeka kuzinthu zakunja. Ndipo mitundu ina ya mtsogoleri wa nyama imakhala ndi zizindikiro zabwino za milkiness.