Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amaganiza kuti akuwona ng'ombe yamakono, kumene inachokerako, ndipo ndi ndani yemwe anali mbadwa yake. Tiyeni tikambirane za mtundu wanji wa zinyama zomwe zinayambira, ndi momwe zinyama zazinyama zasinthira nthawi yonseyi.
Ulendo - kholo lopanda kuthengo la ng'ombe
Ng'ombe zonse ndi ng'ombe zonse zimachokera kwa oimira kale omwe amatha kufa ndi ng'ombe zakutchire - maulendo a ng'ombe. Nyama zimenezi zinakhalapo kale, koma pamene anthu anayamba kusokoneza malo awo, kutanthauza kuti kudula nkhalango kumene ankakhala, ng'ombezi zimakhala zochepa. 
Ulendo wotsiriza unayambika mu 1627, ndiye kuti panthawi imeneyi mitunduyi inatha. Chochititsa chidwi, omaliza otumizira adafera chifukwa cha matenda chifukwa cha cholowa choyambitsa matenda.
Mwinamwake mukukhala ndi chidwi chophunzira momwe thupi la nyanga limakhalira ndi zomwe akugwiritsira ntchito.
Panthawi yomwe inalipo, ulendowu unali woimira akuluakulu a anthu osauka. Maphunziro a sayansi ndi zolemba zakale zimapereka kulongosola kolondola kwa nyama izi:
- kutalika - kufika mamita 2;
- kulemera - osachepera 800 kg;
- thupi;
- Pali zazikulu zoloza nyanga pamitu yawo, zinakula mpaka masentimita 100;
- thumbani pamapewa;
- mtundu wa mdima wakuda ndi mthunzi wofiira.
Ng'ombe zakutchire za nthawi yathu ino
Masiku ano m'chilengedwe pali zidzukulu zamakono zamakono. Ganizirani zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu iliyonse, komanso kumene amakhala ndi zomwe amadyetsa.
Werengani mfundo 10 zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi ng'ombe.
Njati za ku Ulaya
Bison ndi nyama yaikulu kwambiri yamakono yamakono ku Ulaya. Mtsogoleri wa ng'ombezi ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kutalika kwa thupi mu mamembala akuluakulu oimira masentimita 230-350;
- kutalika kumafalikira kufika mamita 2;
- Tsanga ladeka - 50 cm;
- khosi ndi lalifupi ndi lakuda;
- khalani wolemera - mpaka 1 tani;
- thupi;
- kutsogolo kwachitukuko chitukuko chachikulu kuposa kumbuyo;
- mchira umakula mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 60;
- mtundu wosakanikirana wotchedwa brown.
Nkhumba yamakono ndi mbadwa ya nsomba zam'mbuyo zomwe zimakhala ku Eurasia. Poyamba, kugawanika kwa njuchi kunadziwika m'madera akulu: Kuchokera ku Peninsula ya Iberia kufika ku Western Siberia, komanso kulanda mbali ya kumwera kwa Scandinavia ndi England. Tsopano ku Ulaya muli magawo akulu awiri okha: mabomba a ku Ulaya ndi a Caucasus.Ndikofunikira! Masiku ano, nyamazi zikhoza kupezeka m'mayiko makumi atatu, kumene zimakhala ponseponse kuthengo ndi m'zilembera. Malo akuluakulu ndi ovuta, osakanikirana komanso osakanikirana ndi nkhalango zamtundu wa coniferous, komanso malo odyetserako udzu.Chakudya cha zinyama izi ndizo zonse zomwe zimapezeka m'nkhalango kapena m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Chaka chonse, zinyama zimafunikira chakudya. Amakonda kudya mitundu yambiri ya ming'oma, hornbeam, aspen ndi mitengo yambiri, yomwe ndi mbali zake: masamba, makungwa ndi nthambi zoonda.
Ku Belarus kuli malo asanu ndi atatu omwe amabereka chiwerengero cha njuchi za ku Ulaya. Ku Russia kuli madera awiri kumene lero mungakumane ndi nyama izi: North Caucasus ndi pakati pa gawo la Ulaya. 
North American Bison
Bison amatanthauza nyama zomwe zimachokera kumsonkhano umene khungu limadutsa mkuntho. Kukula kwake ndi kwakukulu, ndipo malingaliro ndi ochititsa chidwi. Komanso, njuchi ya kumpoto kwa America imapatsidwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kutalika kwa thupi - mpaka mamita 3;
- Kutalika kwafota kumafikira mamita 2;
- mutu ndi waukulu, pamphumi paliponse;
- Pali nyanga zazing'ono kumbali zonse za mutu, zimachoka kumbali, ndipo mapeto ake amayang'ana mkati;
- khosi ndi lalikulu komanso lalifupi;
- pali thumba pamutu;
- kutsogolo kuli kochuluka kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo;
- Amuna amalemera matani 1.2;
- azimayi ochepa - oposa 700 kg;
- miyendo yamphamvu ndi yoswa;
- mchira uli waufupi; pali ngayaye pamapeto;
- bwino kumva ndi kununkhiza;
- Thupi limaphimbidwa ndi ubweya wa nkhosa wofiirira.
- pamutu, pachifuwa ndi ndevu, malaya amdima ndi aatali, zomwe zimapatsa njuchi chiwerengero chachikulu.
Tikukulangizani kuti muganizire zomwe nyama za ng'ombe zimakula bwino chifukwa cha kuchepa.
Nyama izi zinawonekera kumadera akumidzi akumwera kwa Ulaya. Kenaka amafalikira ku Eurasia komanso kumpoto kwa America. Nkhosa zoyambazo zinali zazikulu zoposa 2 kuposa oimira masiku ano. Amakhala m'magulu akuluakulu a anthu pafupifupi 20,000. 
Chofunika kwambiri m'khola chimaperekedwa kwa amuna angapo akale. Kutchire, chiyembekezo chawo cha moyo ndi zaka 20. Masiku ano m'chilengedwe pali magawo aŵiri a subspecies: nkhalango ndi steppe.
Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa njuchi kunasunthira kumadera ambiri ku North America. Masiku ano amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Canada, m'chigawo cha British Columbia. Kumtchire, njuchi ya kumpoto kwa America imatchulidwa mu Bukhu Loyera, ngati zamoyo zomwe ziri pafupi kutha. M'minda amakula kuti agwiritse ntchito malonda.
Yak
Yib amaonedwa ngati malo a Tibet. Izi ndizokwanira nyama zinyama zomwe zimakhala kuthengo mu ziweto zazing'ono kapena podzikweza. Kukhala ndi moyo zaka makumi angapo. Yak ili ndi zinthu zozizwitsa komanso zosaŵerengeka:
- kutalika kwa thupi la mamuna - 4.3 mamita;
- yazimayi imatha kufika mamita 3;
- mchira umakula m'litali mamita 1;
- mutu watsitsa;
- chifukwa cha hump, nsana ikuwoneka ikuwomba;
- kutalika kwa kufota ndi 2 mamita;
- kulemera kufika pa 1 ton;
- pamutu pamakhala yaitali, mpaka masentimita 95, nyanga zambiri, ndipo zimayendetsedwa mosiyana;
- mtundu wa mdima wakuda kapena wakuda wakuda;
- chovala chokwanira, chokwanira, chokwanira chimadzaza miyendo.
Lero silingapezeke kumapiri a Tibet, komwe adasinthidwa, komanso m'madera ena apadziko lapansi. Yaks kulekerera kutentha kutentha bwino, chifukwa cha ubweya wawo wautali, amatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -35 ° C. Iwo ankakonda mapiri a Pakistani ndi Afghanistan, komanso minda ku China ndi Iran, Nepal ndi Mongolia.
Zitsanzo zapadera zimapezeka ku Altai ndi ku Buryatia. Chifukwa chakuti munthu adatenga malo awo, chiwerengero chawo chachepa kwambiri. Lero yakambidwa m'buku la Red Book.
Ndikofunikira! Ng'ombe yamtchire ndi imodzi mwa nyama zoopsa komanso zoopsa, zomwe zimatha kugwira nthawi iliyonse ndi munthu kapena nyama zina zakutchire.
Vatussi
Kulikonse kumene kuli ng'ombe yamphongo, imakopa ena. Mbiri yake imabwereranso pa zaka 6,000. Amatchedwanso "ng'ombe zamphongo." Makolo a Watusi anali kale maulendo a ng'ombe. Mitundu iyi inakhala maziko a ng'ombe za ku Africa. 
Zizindikiro za kunja:
- kulemera kwa ng'ombe zazikulu - makilogalamu 700;
- Ng'ombe zimakula mpaka makilogalamu 550;
- Nyenyezi zazikulu zomwe zimakula mpaka mamita 3.7;
- mchira wautali;
- Mtundu wa thupi ukhoza kukhala wosiyana;
- chovala ndi chachifupi.
Mukudziwa? Kuyambira nthawi zakale, ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe za mtundu uwu zinali zopatulika. Iwo sanaphedwe konse chifukwa cha nyama. Mwini mwiniwakeyo anali wolemera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ziweto zake, chifukwa ng'ombe za mitundu iyi zimapatsa mkaka wochuluka.
Kuonjezera apo, apanga chidziwitso cha chitetezo cha zinyama zazing'ono, pamene akugona usiku, akuluakulu amakhala mu bwalo, pamene ng'ombe ziri pakati pa chitetezo. 
Zebu
Zebu ndi ng'ombe ya ku Asia yomwe yasinthira moyo mu nyengo yotentha ndi yamvula. Dziko lakwawo lazilombo ndi South Asia. Talingalirani zomwe zizindikiro zosiyana za zebu zimadziwika:
- kutalika kufika pa masentimita 150;
- kutalika kwa thupi - 160 cm;
- mutu ndi khosi zowonongeka;
- pansi pa khosi ndi khola looneka bwino;
- pa nape ya lalikulu hump;
- nyanga za kukula kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe;
- mutu ukufutukulidwa ndi mphumi wotchuka;
- ng'ombe yolemera 900 kg, ng'ombe - 300 kg;
- miyendo yapamwamba, yomwe imapangitsa kuti liziyenda mofulumira;
- khungu ndi lolemera, lokhala ndi tsitsi lalifupi;
- Sutu ndi yowala, yofiira yofiira kapena yoyera.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti tidziwe bwino chakudya cha ng'ombe.
Nyama zimadyetsa udzu, nthambi zochepa ndi masamba. Kufunafuna chakudya kumayenda maulendo ataliatali. Amakhala m'madera okhala ndi nyengo zozizira komanso zam'mlengalenga. Masiku ano, kuwonjezera pa India, amapezeka ku Asia ndi Africa, Japan, Korea, Madagascar, komanso USA, Brazil ndi mayiko ena. 
Gaur - ng'ombe yamphongo ku Nepal
Dzina lina ndi bison la Indian, ndilo lalikulu kwambiri loimira mtundu wa ng'ombe, womwe umasungidwa lero. Gaur ikuchokera ku South ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Kufotokozera za maonekedwe a njuchi zakutchire kuli ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- kutalika kwa thupi - mkati mwa mamita 3;
- mchira kutalika - mpaka mamita 1;
- kutalika kwafota - mpaka mamita 2;
- pali thumba pamapewa;
- zolemera kuchokera ku 600-1500 makilogalamu;
- pamutu pali nyanga mpaka mamita 1 kutalika;
- ubweya uli wobiriwira mosiyanasiyana, ndi nsalu zoyera pamilingo.
Lero pali kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu m'madera ena, ndipo chiwerengerochi ndi 70%. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuchepa chifukwa cha kusaka kosasinthika, komanso kuwonongedwa kwa malo awo.Ng'ombe za ku Africa
Ng'ombe iyi ndi yaikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Dziko lake ndi Africa. Nyama izi zimakhala kuthengo kwa zaka pafupifupi 16, ndizokhalitsa. Iwo ali ndi zikhalidwe zotsatirazi:
- kutalika kwa thupi - 3.5 mamita;
- kutalika kumakula kufika 1.8 mamita;
- kulemera kufika pa 1 tani ndi zina;
- Thupi la thupi, mbali yakutsogolo ndi yaikulu kwambiri kuposa kumbuyo;
- mutu waukulu, wotsika pansi;
- pamutu pali nyanga zazikulu zomwe zimakula palimodzi ndikufanana ndi chipolopolo;
- malaya amitundu yofiira;
- miyendo yamphamvu, kutsogolo kolimba kuposa kumbuyo;
- Nyama zimakhala ndi kumva bwino, koma maso ofooka.
Malo okhala ndi ng'ombe, mapiri ndi nkhalango. Amafuna madzi ambiri. Idyani udzu ndi masamba. Pangozi, amasonkhanitsidwa m'khola, achinyamata amaikidwa pakati ndi kuthawa. Zimadziwika kuti liwiro lawo likhoza kufika 57 km / h. Lero, njuchi za ku Africa zikukhala kumwera ndi kum'mwera kwa Africa. Amafunika malo ambiri pafupi ndi matupi a madzi.Mukudziwa? Mkaka wa Buffalo ndi wabwino kuposa mapuloteni a ng'ombe. Mafuta ake ali ndi 8%. Pafupifupi, njati imodzi pachaka imapereka matani 2 a mkaka.
Nyama zaku Asia (Indian)
Buffalo ya Asia ndi wachibale wa bison, zaks ndi zebu. Izi ndi nyama zokongola komanso zamphamvu zomwe zimamenyana ndi anthu kuti zikhale ndi ufulu wokhala ndi moyo. Nkhumba za ku Asia ndizinthu zamakono zomwe zimakhala za banja lodziwika bwino ndipo zimapatsidwa zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- ng'ombeyo ili ndi kutalika kwa thupi mamita 3;
- kutalika kwake kufika pa mamita 2;
- kulemera kuli pakati pa 800-1200 kg;
- pamutu pali nyanga zooneka ngati phokoso, mtunda pakati pawo ndi 2 mamita;
- mchira umakula mpaka mamita 90 cm;
- ubweya wambiri, osati wakuda, mthunzi wofiirira;
- miyendo yayitali ndi yamphamvu.
Chikhalidwecho chimatsimikizira maonekedwe, chifukwa njuchi za mtundu uwu ndizoopsa kwambiri. Amamenyana bwino, akulankhula motsutsana ndi adani. Ng'ombe zimenezi zimakhala mbuzi. Palibe kulembera kolimba. Amadyetsa zomera zam'madzi ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, amachita bwino madzulo, ndipo masana amangofuna kukhala pansi pamadzi.Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe zambiri za ng'ombe zamphongo komanso momwe kulemera kwake kumadalira.
Pali njuchi zaku Asia ku Nepal, India, Thailand, Cambodia ndi Bhutan. Amakonda mapiri okhala ndi udzu wambiri, kumene kuli madzi ambiri pafupi.
Monga tikuonera, pali zinyama zambiri zachilendo, zomwe zidzukulu zawo zidakhala zaka zambiri zapitazo. Ndikofunika kuwasamalira, kuti mbadwo wotsatira usawadziwe kokha ndi zithunzi zomwe zili m'mabuku.
