Kodi ndi nthawi yotani mphesa

Kukula mphesa ndi theka la ntchito ya wolima. Ndikofunika kukolola nthawi kuti ikhale yosamalidwa bwino ndipo ndipamwamba kwambiri popanga vinyo kapena madzi. Tiyeni tiyang'ane pa nthawi yomwe imawoneka yolondola kuti tipeze magulu obisika, ndi momwe tingachitire.

Nthawi yokolola: momwe nthawi yokolola imadalira

N'zosatheka kudziwa tsiku lenileni la zokolola - aliyense wamaluwa ayenera kudalira pa zochitika zake, nyengo, zosiyana, komanso kukula kwa zipatso. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa zipatso zakucha kumawoneka kuti ndi 21-35 ° C, pamene kuyenera kukhala dzuwa.

Kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumachepetsa kwambiri kusonkhanitsa shuga ndi madzi m'mphesa. Mofananamo, kuchepa kwambiri kwa chinyontho kumakhudza maswiti ndi ubwino wa zipatso, kotero kuti kutentha, chilimwe chili kofunikira kuyang'anira kuthirira.

Ndikofunikira! Phosphorus-potaziyamu ndi mchere feteleza zimathandizira kufulumira kwa kucha kwa mphesa.

Mitengo ya mphesa ndi hybrids imagawidwa kuti ikhale yakucha:

1. Superstore - nyengo yomwe ikukula yomwe ili masiku 95-105, ndiko kuti, kukolola kumachitika kumapeto kwa July - kuyamba kwa August.
2. Kumayambiriro kwambiri - Zipseni masiku 105-115 pamalo abwino. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zipatso zabwino zimatha kuchotsedwa kumapeto kwa August.
3. Oyambirira - Kukula kwawo nyengo ndi masiku 115-120.
4. Kumayambiriro kwa kucha - okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kusinthidwa masiku 120-125 mutatha Mphukira.
5. Pakati-nyengo - kufika kukhwima yosasinthika kumapeto kwa August - kumayambiriro kwa September, ndiko kuti, masiku 125-135.
6. Chakumapeto - chifukwa cha kucha zomwe zimatenga masiku 130 mpaka 150. Zokolola za zipatso zoterozo zimachotsedwa mu September-October.

Muyenera kukhala ndi chidwi chowerenga za phindu la mbewu za mphesa, masamba a mphesa, madzi a mphesa, zoumba ndi mphesa.

Kuwonjezera apo, dziko la munda wamphesa ndi momwe limayang'aniratu limakhudza nthawi ya kucha. Kutsata malamulo a ulimi wamakono kumathandiza kufulumizitsa kucha kwa zipatso.

Momwe mungadziwire kukula kwake

Popeza nthawi yakucha ingadalire pazinthu zambiri, njira yabwino yodziwira momwe okonzera zipatsozo ndi okonzeka kuyang'ana mkati ndi kunja:

1. Mphesa zakuda zimawoneka zokoma pamene zipatso zawo zili zofiira zakuda kapena zakuda; kusowa kwa msinkhu kumasonyezedwa ndi nyere ya mtundu wofiira.
2. Mitundu yoyera iyenera kukhala yonyezimira kapena ya golide pa nthawi ya kukhwima, ndipo ngati zipatso zimakhala zobiriwira, ndiye kuti sizinayambe.
3. Tsinde la mphesa liyenera kuuma.
4. Zipatso ziyenera kuchotsedwa mosavuta ku "miyendo".
5. Iwo ayenera kukhala okoma mu kulawa, popanda kuwawa kwachisoni.
6. Zipatso ziyenera kuphimba khungu lochepa, loyera.
7. Mbeu za mpendadzuwa zimakhala zofiirira ndipo zimasiyanitsa mosavuta ndi zamkati ngati zatuluka.
8. Mphesa yamphesa ayenera kukhala ndi fungo labwino, lopangidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana kapena wosakanizidwa.

Video: momwe angadziwire kuchuluka kwa kucha kwa mphesa

Mukudziwa? M'masiku akale okhawo omwe adapanga pangano adaloledwa kukolola. Chowonadi nchakuti zomera zinabzalidwa pafupi ndi mitengo, ndipo patapita nthawi, mpesa unaphimbidwa pafupifupi korona wawo wonse - chifukwa cha izi, nthambi za m'munsi zinali zitatopa ndi zouma. Mukasonkhanitsidwa, zikhoza kuwononga kwambiri munthu, ngakhale zomwe zinali zakupha.

Malamulo okolola

Zilibe kanthu cholinga chomwe mphesa chidzagwiritsire ntchito, ndibwino kuti tisonkhanitse pa masiku owuma ndi dzuwa. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti mvula ndi mame ochuluka amatsukidwa kuchoka ku zipatso zamoto, zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako mbewu.

Masamba amasonkhanitsa chakudya chamasana patsiku labwino amadziwika ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri kuti apange mphesa komanso mitundu ya tebulo.

Mitundu yamakono

Zipangizo zopangira vinyo ndi madzi zimakhala ndi makhalidwe ake enieni. Choyamba, ndi acidity ya zipatso ndi shuga mwa iwo, omwe amayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito chida chapadera - refractometer kapena hydrometer. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kukonza zipangizo ndi kutentha kwa 16-20 ° C. Kupanga vinyo ena pogwiritsa ntchito mphesa, zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa pambuyo pa chisanu, koma pokhapokha pazochitikazo zikafika kukhwima msanga chisanu chisanathe. Ngati zipatso zobiriwira zimakhala zowonongeka, ndiye kuti vinyo amawoneka bwino kwambiri, ndipo palipamwamba kwambiri kuti sichidzapsa konse.

Mapulogalamu apamwamba monga mitundu ya mphesa monga Krasnostop Zolotovsky, Alpha, Isabella, Chardonnay, Cabernet Sauvignon, Riesling.

Kwa mitundu yamakono, kuyeretsa kosalekeza kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndiko kuti, masamba onse akudulidwa, mutatha shuga ndi acidity ali pa mlingo woyenera.

Koma njira yokolola imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati palibe zizindikiro za matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'munda wamphesa. Pogonjetsedwa pang'ono ndi zitsamba, tikulimbikitsanso kuchotsa mphesa zosankha. Magulu amasiyanitsidwa ndi pruner.

Mitundu ya tebulo

Mitengo yodyera imasankhidwa bwino, ndiko kuti, masango amadulidwa pamene akukula. Ngati n'kotheka, kuti mudziwe nthawi yeniyeni yokolola ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito hydrometer, yomwe idzasonyeze kuchuluka kwa shuga mu zipatso.

Onetsetsani kulima mphesa zotere monga Romeo, Crimson, Sphinx, Arcadia, Choyamba, Wokongola Mkazi, Chisoni, Mu Memory ya Negrul, Timur, Moldova , "Talisman", "Kesha", "Helios", "Ruslan", "Extra".

Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tebulo yomwe imadulidwa ndi secator kapena mpeni. Ndikofunika kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi zipatso, kuti musasokoneze sera pa iwo. Choncho, mphesa zimagwira phesi ndipo mokoma kudula.

Ndiye mumayenera kuchotsa mwamsanga zipatso zouma ndi zowonongeka, kuti musataye nthawi yoyeretsa mukatha kuyeretsa. Mukhoza kutenga mbewu kuchokera pa tebulo mitundu ndi chisanu, koma muyenera kulingalira za chikhalidwe chomwe masambawo sungasungidwe ndipo ayenera kudyedwa poyamba.

Kusunga mphesa

Sikuti mphesa zonse zimayenera kusungirako, koma nyengo ya pakatikati ndi mitundu yochedwa. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mawonekedwe a zipatso zawo ndi ocheperapo, ndipo khungu lomwe limawaphimba ndilokhazikika. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusokonezeka kwa masango omwe, omwe amapatsidwa mitundu iyi.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge ngati mukufuna kusamalira mphesa nthawi ya maluwa, momwe mungamere mphesa kuchokera ku chubuk ndi mafupa, momwe mungasinthire komanso musamawononge mphesa, momwe mungadyetse mphesa mumasika ndi m'dzinja, komanso momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mphesa ndi mphesa.

Mudayala

Mukhoza kusunga mphesa m'mabokosi osaya omwe amafunika kukhala ndi pepala kapena masamba a mphesa. Kenaka magulu a mphesa amaikidwa mwa iwo osanjikizika, omwe zipatso zoyerazo zinali zitachotsedwa kale.

Mukhozanso kuika mphesa m'mabokosi mumagawo ndi kutsanulira ndi pine sawdust iliyonse yosanjikiza. Mabokosiwa amaikidwa pamalo amdima, ozizira ndi kutentha kwa 0 ° C mpaka 5 ° C.

Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yosungirako imakhudzidwa osati kokha ndi komwe masango adzasungidwe. Kuwonjezera apo, liwuli likudziwika ndi mtundu wanji wa zipangizo zaulimi zomwe zinagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wamphesa. Pofuna kulimbitsa zizindikiro izi, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse azidyetsa ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kuthirira madzi pa nyengo ya kukula.

Mu dziko lokhazikitsidwa

Kawirikawiri mphesa imayimitsidwa pa waya kuti zikhale bwino. Mphuno kapena mbali ya mphukirayo imayikidwa ndi waya kapena twine ndi kuyimitsidwa mu mdima, chipinda chozizira. Njirayi imakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi zipatso zatsopano kuyambira pa 3 mpaka 5 miyezi.

Mukudziwa? Mphesa - imodzi mwa zomera zochepa zomwe zokolola zake zimawonjezeka kuposa zaka. Zina mwa mitundu yake, ngakhale zaka zana mutabzala, zimabereka zipatso zambiri kuposa ana.

Madzi

Chifukwa cha izi, masango amadulidwa limodzi ndi mpesa; ndiye gawo la mpesa limayikidwa mu botolo lodzaza madzi. Chombocho chimayikidwa pansi pa malingaliro ndi mphesa za mphesa zimayikidwa ndi twine kapena waya kuti apachike momasuka ndipo musakhudze botolo.

Tikulimbikitsidwa kuwonjezera kachipangizo kameneka kapena salicylic acid m'madzi kuti mabakiteriya omwe sangawonongeke angapitirire. Ndifunikanso kuti nthawi zonse muzisintha mpesa wodulidwayo. Mosasamala kanthu momwe mumasankha kusunga mbewu, m'pofunika nthawi zonse kufufuza ndi kuchotsa zipatso zowonongeka. Tsopano mumadziwa nthawi komanso momwe mungachotsere magulu a mphesa, komanso momwe mungasungire bwino kuti muzisangalala ndi zipatso zokoma, zokometsera zipatso mpaka nyengo yotsatira. Musaiwale: Kusamalira kwambiri munda wamphesa, kumabweretsa zipatso, zomwe zimasungidwa bwino.

Ndipo masiku osankhidwa bwino posankha mphesa amachitanso mbali yofunika kwambiri yolima mpesa ndi kusungira bwino zipatso.