Pogula ng ombe ya mkaka pa famu yake, mlimi akuyembekeza mkaka wabwino kwambiri ndi mkaka wambiri, kubweretsa banja lake chinthu china chowonjezera cha zakudya zabwino ndi phindu lalikulu. Koma kuti kupanga mkaka kukhale kosagwirizana komanso kosalekeza, ndikofunika kutchula zochitika zina zosangalatsa za ndondomekoyi.
Mkaka wa ng'ombe
Mofanana ndi zinyama zonse, mkaka wa ng'ombe ndi wofunikira kuti udyetse ana. Ngati chizindikiro chikuvomerezedwa ndi kufunika kotipatsa mwana wang'ombe chakudya, ng'ombe yaikazi imayamba njira zovuta zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi hormone prolactin.
Zimadalira kuti zimapangidwira kwambiri, ndipo kenako mkaka wonse. Pambuyo pomaliza kudyetsa, munthu amapitirizabe kukhala ndi lactation ya ng'ombe, kuchotsa mankhwala kuchokera ku udder pogwiritsira ntchito milking kapena zipangizo zamakono.
Mukudziwa? Chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, Tsiku la Milk Ladziko Lonse limakondwerera, lomwe lakhala likukondedwa m'mayiko ambiri kwa zaka 17 tsopano. Ma phwando la mkaka akuchitika pa holide amalimbikitsa anthu kuti adye mkaka nthawi zambiri, kuti chakudya chawo chikhale chokwanira komanso chokwanira. M'misewu ya mumsewu, zokometsera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera kumapanga osiyana ndi zokondweretsa za joky zimagwiridwa, atapambana kuti, munthu angapite ulendo wokondweretsa mkaka ndi mkaka ng'ombe palimodzi payekha.
Mkaka wa khola ndi wotchuka kwambiri ndipo uli ndi mbali yaikulu ya mitundu yonse ya mkaka yomwe imatulutsidwa mu malonda a ziweto za ulimi wa padziko lonse. 
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimakhala ndi madzi, mapuloteni, mafuta, zakudya, phulusa, mavitamini ndi mchere zomwe zimathandiza osati ng'ombe zokha, komanso anthu a mibadwo yonse:
- kulimbikitsa dongosolo la mitsempha ndipo limakhudzidwa mu magazi;
- kuchepetsa cholesterol;
- amagwira nawo ntchito zamagetsi;
- kumasintha m'mimba thirakiti, kumachepetsa acidity, kumathandiza kulimbana ndi gastritis ndi zilonda zofatsa, amachititsanso chapamimba mucosa;
- Chifukwa cha kashiamu yowonjezereka bwino kayendedwe kake ka minofu, imathandiza kwambiri kukula kwa mafupa a ana;
- kumawonjezera kuphulika kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha, kulepheretsa kukula kwa matenda a mtima;
- Zakudya za bactericidal zimathandiza thupi la munthu kuthana ndi chimfine msanga, chitetezo chonse chimalimbikitsidwa.
Timapereka kuĊµerenga za mkaka wothandiza ndi wovulaza mkaka.
Pamene ayamba kupereka
Mkaka woyamba umene munthu angakhoze kulandira ndi kupanga mkaka umawoneka mu ng'ombe itatha.
Pofuna kuchita ndondomeko popanda mavuto, m'pofunika kuchita zinthu zingapo zofunika:
- Patatha ola limodzi, mwanayo ayenera kuloledwa kupita ku udder kuti amayi ake azigawanika. Kwa ng'ombe, sizingakhale zopweteka ngati kuchokera ku buku loyamba milking;
- Mbalame yoyamba ndi ya ng'ombe yeniyeni yamtengo wapatali, komanso chitsimikizo cha thanzi. Pokhapokha ngati mwasiya mwadzidzidzi kuchokera kwa mayi ake, m'tsogolomu amadziwikanso ndi zokolola zambiri;
- Ng'ombe yapafupi ikuthandizira kuchepetsa nkhawa kwa ng'ombe, komanso imakhudza kwambiri khalidwe lake pa nthawi yoyamba yokolola mkaka.
Atsikanawo atachotsedwa kwa amayi, njira yothanzizira ikhoza kupitirira mpaka mimba yotsatira ndi calving. Monga lamulo, pambuyo pa nthawi yachiwiri ya lactation ndi zotsatira zake, zokolola zazimayi zimawonjezeka kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi kuchuluka kwa mkaka kumawonjezeka, kufika pamtunda ndi ana awiri a ng'ombe.Ndikofunikira! Mkaka mu sabata yoyamba iyenera kuchitidwa pamanja. Kusakaniza makina kungakhale kowawa kwambiri kwa udzu wovuta, ndipo nyamayo idzapweteketsa kwambiri njirayi.Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, thupi la ng'ombe silimaliranso bwino ndi zakudya zowonjezera, kotero kuti pang'onopang'ono pangoyamba kuchepa.
Kawirikawiri, ngati mayiyo amatha kubzala pachaka, nthawi yonse ya lactation idzakhala ya zaka 5-7 (malinga ndi ziwerengero za thupi la ng'ombe). Nthawi iliyonse imatha masiku osachepera 320, ndipo nkhuni zakufa zimatha pafupifupi miyezi 1.5-2.
Zambiri zimapereka
Mtengo wa mkaka wa ng'ombe za mkaka m'minda ya ku Russia, Ukraine ndi maiko oyandikana ndi awa:
- 12-20 malita patsiku;
- 5 malita pachaka.
Komanso nyengo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nyengo:
- m'nyengo ya chilimwe, zokolola za ng'ombe zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha chakudya chabwino chodyera - masamba ambiri a zamasamba, udzu watsopano ndi wouma, kuyenda nthawi zonse kunja;
- m'nyengo yozizira, zokolola za mkaka zimakhala zosauka chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe ikuyandikira. Komabe, ngati calving imagwera pa tsiku linalake, ndipo zakudya zimakhala zowonjezera komanso zowonjezera ndi zakudya zapamwamba (udzu, umaika, mizu, chakudya chabwino, silage) ndi madzi ambiri, ng'ombe imapereka mkaka mofanana ndi chilimwe.
Chimene chimatsimikizira zokolola
Kukolola kwa ng'ombe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zifukwa zambiri:
- zaka ndi kulemera kwa nyama;
- mbali iliyonse ya thupi;
- zakudya zoyenera (chakudya cha phindu ndi calorie);
- thanzi la ng'ombe (katemera wotenga nthawi, kusowa kwa mphutsi);
- kutsatira malamulo a milking (zochepa zokolola tsiku lililonse - malita 4);
Ndikofunikira! Alimi odziwa bwino kuti ulimi umatengera kuchuluka kwa mkaka wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Payenera kukhala osachepera atatu mwa iwo. Komanso, kupatukana kwa nthawi yake kumateteza kudwala, ndipo chifukwa chake, matenda owopsa ngati purulent mastitis.
- nthawi ya chaka;
- (ziweto za mkaka ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zikhale zokolola).
Mbuzi za ng'ombe za mkaka
Chifukwa cha ntchito yosamalidwa bwino ya padziko lapansi komanso oweta ziweto, mitundu yambiri ya ng ombe imatha kudziwika mwakamodzi. Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
Zidzakhala bwino kuti muwerenge zomwe zimadalira komanso momwe mungadziwire kuchuluka kwake kwa mkaka, komanso kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake mkaka wa ng'ombe umakhala wowawa.
Golshtinka
Mitundu ya Holstein inalumikizidwa ku North America. Ng'ombe zosiyanazi zimaonedwa kuti zimapindulitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Pa tsiku limene munthu angathe kupatsa kuchokera pa malita 20 mpaka 40 a mkaka, nthawi zina chiwerengerocho chikhoza kufika pafupifupi 60 malita. Kwa chaka, ng'ombe yotereyi imapereka mavuto kwa anthu 7-8,000. 
Nthambi yofiira
Ng'ombe zofiira zinawonekera chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa ku Russia. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikufalikira ku Krasnodar Territory ndi Southern Urals, komanso ku Ukraine, kumene imasintha bwino mpaka nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Nthambi yofiira imasiyanitsidwa ndi thanzi labwino komanso kudzichepetsa, nambala ya mkaka zokolola patsiku ndi 15-30 malita a mkaka. 
Yaroslavskaya
Mitengo yapamwamba, yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi Holstein. Mtengo wotsika wa Yaroslavl mtundu, mosamala, umasiyana ndi 20 mpaka 40 malita patsiku. Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ungaphatikizepo kudzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe zomangidwa ndi kusintha kwabwino kwa nyengo ya chigawo chapakati. 
Jersey
Kuchita: 20-30 malita a mkaka patsiku, 7-8,000 pachaka. Mbadwo wa Jersey unachokera kumalo kumene anabadwira - tawuni yaing'ono ya Jersey, yomwe ili pakati pa England ndi France. Chinthu chosiyana kwambiri ndi ng'ombezi ndi kutalika kwake, kutalika kwazomwe munthu wamkulu akufikira kufika mamita 1.5. 
Black ndi motley
Ng'ombe zamtundu uwu zimaperekedwa makamaka ku Ulaya mbali ya Russia.
Werengani zambiri za ng'ombe zamtundu wakuda-motley.Ng'ombe imapatsa mkaka wabwino tsiku lililonse (pafupifupi 30 malita), osati makamaka kuumirira kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'ndende ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa bwino m'madera osiyanasiyana a dzikoli.
Mafunso ofunsidwa kawirikawiri
Alimi ambiri omwe amapanga mphindi zambiri amafunsa mafunso okhudza mkaka ndi ng'ombe. Taganizirani zofala kwambiri.
Ng'ombe ikupereka mkaka wopanda ng'ombe?
Monga tanenera kale, ng'ombe imatengedwa ngati yopanda mkaka mpaka yoyamba. Gawo lake loyamba ndi lotsatizana likuchitika pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana, kumapeto kwa miyezi 10 ndikutha ndi mimba yatsopano.
Dzina la ng'ombe lomwe silipereka mkaka?
Mkazi, osati kubweretsa mkaka, ndi wosabereka, mwa anthu nyama zotere zimatchedwa "alovye."
Pezani chomwe chimayambitsa ndi chithandizo cha matenda osabereka kwa ng'ombe.
Zifukwa za mavuto zingakhale monga:
- matenda opatsirana osiyanasiyana (obadwa kapena opezeka);
- kusamalira kapena kudyetsa ng'ombe;
- mikhalidwe yolakwika ya ndende (chinyontho chochuluka m'khola, kutentha kotsika, ozizira ozizira, kusowa koyenda kwathunthu).
Kuthetsa vuto la kusabereka ndi kotheka. Poyambirira, muyenera kuyesetsa kukonza chakudya ndi chisamaliro, kuyankhulana ndi veterinarian kuti muzindikire matenda ndi kukonzekera ndikuyesa tizilombo tokoma ndi njira yapadera. Ngati mankhwalawa sagwire ntchito, nyamayo imakonzedwa kuti iphedwe.Mukudziwa? Mkaka wa khola ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha ngati chakudya kapena zakumwa: Zingathe kuchotsa matayala atsopano atsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi mafelemu ndi golide wonyezimira, zotsitsimutsa maonekedwe a mafungulo, ngati muwonjezerapo mankhwala pang'ono pakutsuka kansalu koyera mukamayeretsa nsalu zoyera, ziwoneka bwino.
Pochita bwino, chidziwitso chimalenga, ng'ombe iliyonse ikhoza kukhala ndi zaka 10, koma kuchuluka kwa mkaka komwe kumapereka kwa nthawi yonse ya lactation kumadalira mtundu, zakudya zabwino ndi chisamaliro.
Mayankho ochokera ku intaneti
